Source for Forest inventory and Analysis Data :USDA Forest Service, SRS

South Carolina Forestry Commission

South CarolinaForest Land

TX

OK AR

LA

MS

KY

TN

AL

FL

VA

NC

SCGA

Source: Sheffield, USDA Forest Service, SRS, FIA Data

0

5

10

15

20

25M

illio

n

Acr

es

Alabam

a

Arkan

sas

Florida

Georg

ia

Kentuc

ky

Louisi

ana

Miss

issipp

i

North

Carolin

a

Oklaho

ma

South

Carolin

a

Tenne

ssee

Texas

Virgini

a

The South’s Forestland by State, 1998

South Carolina ranks 10th in acreage of commercial timberland in the Southeast.

SC Ownership Classes 12.3 Million Timberland Acres*

Industry**16%

Private74%

Public5%

USFS5%

** Industry includes leased Private lands.

* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.

The distribution of ownerships in SC parallel closely with the Southeast (13 states). A total of 90% of the landowners in SC are private nonindustrial landowners and forest industry.

Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data

South Carolina Forest Type Distribution

12.3 Million Acres*Bottomland Hardwood

20.3%

Oak-Pine11.7%

Natural Pine23.8%

Pine Plantations

24.8%

Upland Hardwood

19.4%

* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.

South Carolina has a fairly even distribution of forest types demonstrating diversity of the forests.

Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data

Forest Type Distribution by State

Pine plantation

Natural pine Upland hardwood

Oak–pine Bottomland hardwood Source: Sheffield, USFS, FIA Data.

Forest Ownership Trends for South Carolina

1.991.67 2.05 2.242.63

2.32

9.089.20 9.29 9.17 8.38 9.02

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

1958 1968 1978 1986 1993 2000*

Years

Mill

ion

Acr

es

USFS Public Industry Private

The trend in SC for the past 15 years, as well as the SE, is the divesting of large land holdings by forest companies. Pension funds and partnerships are purchasing much of these large acreages. Industry consolidation and present tax laws have been a major force in this trend, and this trend is expected to continue.

Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data

* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.

Historical Net Volume of Growing Stock* - SC

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1958 1968 1978 1986 1993 2000**Years

Bill

ion

Cu

bic

Fe

et

Softwood

Hardwood

Total growing stock volume has increased 111% since 1958. Softwood has increased 106% (or by 4.6 billion cubic feet). Hardwood has increased 117% (or by 4.7 billion cubic feet). Note that Hurricane Hugo (1989) destroyed an estimated 2.5 billion cubic feet and only 387 million cubic feet (15%) was salvaged and is reflected in the 1993 data. The amount of timber destroyed in one day was equivalent to approximately 4 years of harvesting.

Source: USDA Forest Service, and SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data

* Growing Stock is inventory of commercial trees at least 5 inches in diameter in the forest.

** FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.

Past and Projected Changes in Forest Stand Types - SC

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1952 1962 1970 1977 1986 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 2023

Years

Mill

ion

Ac

res

Planted PineNatural PineHardwood

Forestry has come under criticism of converting too much forestland to planted pine. The perception is that much of the hardwood forests are being converted to pine. The actual trend is demonstrated above showing the conversion of natural pine sites to planted pine. Hardwood area remains relatively constant for the last 50 years.

Source: USDA Forest Service, FIA Data, 1993

Forest Ownership Trends in SC

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

1968 1978 1986 1993Year

Are

a (

000

acr

es)

Industry FarmerCorporate Individual

For the last 25 years, forest acreage has remained constant, while forest land ownerships have changed significantly. Individual and corporate landowners have increased in area, industry has increased slightly and is presently in a downturn, while farm ownership of forest land has decreased almost 46 percent. Farm land acreage (crop and pasture acreage) has decreased 34.6 % from 1958 to 1993.

Source: USDA Forest Service, FIA Data, 1993

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

Acr

es

GA (1)

MS (2)

FL (3)

LA (4)

AL (5)

SC (6)

TX (7)

AR (8)

NC (9)

VA(10)

OK(11)

TN(12)

KY(13)

State (rank)

Southeast Planted Acres 1998-99(Pine and Hardwood)

Source: SC Forestry Commission

During the decade of of the 1990s, SC planted an average of 146,000 acres per year.

Seedlings Planted in SC, 1929 - 1999

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

Years

Acr

es

Source: SC Forestry Commission

South Carolina has been a leader in the SE in regard to acres planted relative to timberland acreage. The first spike of acres planted is the Soil Bank Program, and the second spike represents the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP).

Softwood Growing Stock Volume by DBHSouth Carolina

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 21+DBH (inches)

Bil

lio

n C

ub

ic F

ee

t 1978

1986

1993

2000*

* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.

Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data

Softwood growing stock is showing remarkable recovery from the hurricane Hugo devastation (1989). With proper management, there should be an increase in growing stock volume for the 10 to 14 inch diameter classes in the next 10 years.

Hardwood Growing Stock Volume by DBHSouth Carolina

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 21+

DBH (inches)

Bill

ion

Cu

bic

Fe

et

1978

1986

1993

2000*

Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data

* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.

The distribution of hardwood diameter classes has not shown significant change I the last 22 years.

Population density map for North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

# of People Per Square Mile*

> 800

400 - 800

200 - 400

100 - 200

0 - 100

* 1999 population estimates by CACI International, Inc. based on 1990 US Census

Virginia Study (D. Ware, et al., USDA Forest Service,1998)

At approximately 45 people/square mile, there is a 50:50 chance of practicing forestry.

At 150 people/square mile, forest management approaches zero.

Forecast Change in Forest Land 1992-2010

forest change>14% loss8-14% loss1-8% lossstable>1% gain

Source: USDA Forest Service, SRS

52% of the saw logs

77% of the pulpwood

66% of the plywood and veneer

42% of the composite panel

59% of total product output

The Southeast Supplies

Source: Johnson, USFS, TPO Data, 1997.

Saw logs 5.0 1.2 6.2

Veneer 1.2 .168 1.35

Pulpwood 2.0 1.1 3.1

C. Panel .083 .039 .122

Other .269 .626 .895

All Products 8.494 3.133 11.627

Softwood(Billions of dollars)

Hardwood Total

Value of Products to the Southeast

Delivered to mill pricesSource: Johnson, USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1997.

Total Stumpage* and Delivered Values of Timber Harvested in South Carolina

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$1,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1997 1999Year

Millio

n D

ollars

(co

ns

tan

t $)

Stumpage ValueDelivered Value

The chart represents a total of all roundwood types, and also reflects an increase in production over time. When assessing value and production together in terms of value per cubic foot ($/cu.ft.), there is a 87.4 % increase in delivered value over the 20 year period, or 4.4%/year (simple interest and constant dollars). Total value was calculated by using timber product output data and average stumpage and delivered values by products from Timber Mart-South.

Compiled by Clemson University from USDA Forest Service TPO Data and Timber Mart-South

*Stumpage is the value of trees standing in the forest.

Softwood - Mill Output for SC

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1936 1946 1957 1967 1972 1977 1983 1988 1994 1997 1999

Years

Mill

ion

Cub

ic F

eet

Logs

Pulpwood

Total

Source: USFS, TPO Data 1997

Hardwood - Mill Output for SC

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1936 1946 1957 1967 1972 1977 1983 1988 1994 1997 1999

Years

Mill

ion

Cu

bic

Fe

et

LogsPulpwoodTotal `

Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data

Summary Forest land base is stableForest land base is stable

Overall mix of pine and hardwood has not Overall mix of pine and hardwood has not changed greatly in 5 decades and is not changed greatly in 5 decades and is not expected to change significantly in the futureexpected to change significantly in the future

Pine component moving steadily toward more Pine component moving steadily toward more planted stands…fewer naturalplanted stands…fewer natural

Greater private ownership will keep the Greater private ownership will keep the south’s forests productive and in demandsouth’s forests productive and in demand

Maximum sustainable harvest levels in sight Maximum sustainable harvest levels in sight but no indication of running out of timber in but no indication of running out of timber in the futurethe future

Potential constraints on timber supply:

Timberland Operability - adverse sites, best management practices

Timberland Availability - ownership, policy, and government control

Age Structure and Stocking - past management and Hugo’s impact

Policy Issues - set asides, harvesting restrictions, and potential regulations

Lack of knowledge and incentives for private non-industrial landowners to practice

sustainable forestry

Lack of proactive public participation by the forestry community

Opportunities to increase growth and yield

Regeneration with improved seedling stock

Commercial thinning where feasible

Harvest and regenerate at maturity

Salvage and regenerate when appropriate

Continue investments in R & D

Other stand improvements where feasible

Primary Mill Residues

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

Residue Type

To

ns

Saw Logs Veneer Logs

Pulpwood Other

1,073,521 Total Tons

85% Softwood

15% Hardwood

Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1993

Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1997

Wood Residue Disposal in SC

Annual Forest Biomass Residuals From Timber Harvesting

Pine ~ 4.1 Million Tons

Hardwood ~ 5.2 Million Tons

Value of Shipments and Value Added for Leading Manufacturing Industries in SC, 1997

$10.03

$5.52$6.82$6.92

$13.25

$2.54$2.74$3.37$3.87

$7.69

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Chemical Textile mills Forest Industry Transportationequipment

Machinery

Bill

ion

$

Value of Shipments Value Added

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census

Total Capital Expenditures for Leading Manufacturing Industries in SC, 1997

$470

$234$312

$423

$944

Chemical Forest Industry Textile Mills TransportationEquipment

Plastics &Rubber

Products

Mill

ion

$

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census

Economic Value of Wildlife in South Carolina

• 1.1 million participated in wildlife recreation annually

• Annual expenditures top $1.5 billion

• $30 million annually for land-use access fees to private landowners

Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Economic Value of Wildlife in South Carolina

Hunting in SC Annually Generates ….10,677 jobs$357 million in retail sales$192 million in salaries and wages$23 million in state and federal taxes$18 million in sales tax$658 million in total economic effects

Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Economic Value of Wildlife

Hunting in SC

# of hunters 300,000

Days of hunting 6,921,000

Days/hunter 23

Average/hunter $1,150

Average/day $17

Economic Value of Wildlife

Types of Hunting in SC #Hunters

Deer 245,000

Dove 71,000

Squirrel 56,000

Wild Turkey 53,000

Ducks 44,000

Rabbit 40,000

Quail 34,000

Economic Value of Wildlife in South Carolina

Annual Fishing in SC ...Total Participants 986,000

Residents 638,000NR 349,000

Total Expenditures $707 millionAverage/Participant $717

Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Economic Value of Wildlife in South Carolina

Annual Wildlife Activities # PeopleFeed Wildlife* 761,000Observe Wildlife 577,000Photograph Wildlife 172,000Maintain Natural Areas 154,000Maintain Plantings 127,000Visit Public Areas 101,000Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated

Recreation*Cash receipts for sunflower seed production for wildlife in SC surpassed

other agriculture crops in 2000 (Ed Murdock, personal communication)

Economic Value of Wildlife

Wildlife Watching in SC

Total Participants 1.1 million

Residents 817,000

NR 408,000

Total Expenditures $3 million

Average/Participant $290

Landowner Income Alternatives from Wildlife-Related Activities

• Permits

• Fee Hunting (dove fields)

• Fee Fishing

• Shooting Preserves

• Sporting Clays

• Non-consumptive Fee Access

• Hunting Leases

Summary Points to Remember...• Natural resources (forest, wildlife, & fisheries) surpasses agriculture in total economic importance to SC

• Diversifies farm/forest land income and compliments traditional land-use &

management