Sound Management of Chemicals Brochure

8/7/2019 Sound Management of Chemicals Brochure

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Safe families, clean environment: moving towards sound manag m nt o

chemicalsin Cambodia


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BackgroundCh micals play a k y rol in many major s ctors o Cam odias conomy includingagricultur , industry, h alth, and in th hom . How v r, th improp r us o ch micalscan thr at n human h alth and th nvironm nt. Th r or , th sa manag m nto ch micals is a high-priority issu or nvironm ntal prot ction, pu lic h alth andoccupational h alth and sa ty.

Cam odias st ady conomic growth ov r th last d cad has incr as d d mand orch micals, prompting action to nsur that all stag s o th ch micals li cycl romproduction/import, distri ution, usag , and disposal ar manag d sa ly to avoids rious impacts on th nvironm nt, human h alth, and th national conomy. I Cam odia do s not addr ss issu s r lat d to ch micals manag m nt and pollutioncaus d y ch micals and th ir r sidu s, urth r anticipat d growth in ch micals uscan s riously hind r Cam odias human d v lopm nt orts, sp cially towards

achi ving th CMDGs .

Chemicals play an important part in almost all human activity and are a major contributor to national economies, but when not

properly managed they can put human health, ecosystems, and national economies at risk.

Cover photo credit: UNDP/Arantxa Cedillo


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What is sound management of chemicals?

Sound manag m nt o ch micals is a out pr v nting, r ducing or minimizing th risk o p opl and th nvironm nt ing xpos d to poisonous and harm ul ch micals

through ch mical us , disposal, or through pollution. This r quir s strong laws andr gulations cov ring th us o ch micals, as w ll as improving t chnologi s in thproduction, us , storag , and disposal o ch micals.

How does this relate to the Cambodian MillenniumDevelopment Goals?

MDG 1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger: Corr ctus o ch micals can l ad to incr as d ric yi lds or

arm rs and h lp th m and th ir amili s ris out o pov rty

MDG 4 Reduce Child Mortality and MDG 5 ImproveMaternal Health: Improv d acc ss to in ormation andtraining on th h alth-r lat d dang rs o improp rhandling o ch micals in or around th hom canminimis th h alth risks o p opl , particularly

xp ctant moth rs and childr n

MDG 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability: R duc d

pollution rom improp r ch micals manag m nt, suchas r ducing th amount o harm ul toxins r l as d intoCam odias air and wat r syst ms, will h lp prot ct th

nvironm nt


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Curr ntly th r ar no cl ar guid lin s orsa ly handling ch micals in any s ctor,

rom th ir us , .g. as p sticid s, to th irus in th hom . Th rst st p in nsuringall pot ntially dang rous ch micalsin Cam odia ar sa ly manag d is tod n cl ar rul s and r gulations tominimis risk o harm to p opl and to th

nvironm nt. Th s should int grat dinto th Gov rnm nts National Strat gicD v lopm nt Plan updat or 2009-2013

and any oth r s ctor-sp ci c strat gicplans.

A d tail d study o th main s ctors inwhich ch micals ar curr ntly us d agricultur , industry and h alth highlight d a num r o s ctor-sp ci cgaps, plus som cross-cutting chall ng s:

General1. Laws and regulations governing chemicals

management are incomplete, with noclear distinction on which government agencies are responsible or implementingthem.

2. Many illegal chemicals are on the marketas a r sult o limit d n orc m nt o ,

and training a out, xisting r gulations.

3. Farm rs and industrial work rs ar notawar or l ss awar o th risks and

hazards to th ir h alth including thsurrounding nvironm nt and commu-niti s r sult d rom improp rly usingch micals in th ir work.

4. Som privat compani s do not ollowth r quir d r gistration proc dur s,provid appropriat hazard in ormationor accurat ly la l ch micals ordistri uting th m.

5. S ctors that us a lot o ch micals donot hav appropriat wast disposalproc ss s.

Agriculture1. Lack o knowledge on how to dispose

chemical waste can result in: higher risk o exposure o children and amily members; chemical-laden runo intostreams and lakes, a ecting fsh stocksand other aquatic species; and release o dangerous toxic gases when burning o .

2. A chall ng xists in changing arm rsp rc ptions on how p sticid s ar stused to alance e ectiveness and humanand nvironm ntal sa ty.

WHAT AReth curr nt chall ng s in thsound manag m nt o ch micals?


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3. Currently there are no routine proceduresin plac or tr atm nt o p sticid

poisoning cas s or sp cialis d poisontr atm nt c ntr s.

4. On pap r, r gulatory provisions orregistration o chemical suppliers in thiss ctor ar sound, ut th high num ro unr gist r d suppli rs sugg sts thatth s r gulations ar not strongly

n orc d. This results in an increase o illegally imported chemicals, manyo which are anned or r strict d inCam odia.

Industry1. Occupational Sa ety & Health (OSH)

regulations are not in place. Many companieshave not taken the initiative to conduct basic sa ety training on harm ul chemicals

to their workers.

2. Lik th agricultural s ctor, th polici sand r gulations that do xist ar o t nnot n orc d as th r ar curr ntly nocl ar guid lin s on n orc m nt, asw ll as sta shortag s, limit d or notraining on r gulations, and littlmonitoring.

3. Th curr nt syst m or sa ch micalmanag m nt (particularly tr atm nt o

wast in land ill, incin rators andla oratori s) in th industrial s ctor is

low standard, r sulting in incr as drisks o contamination o air, soil and water.

Health1. Monitoring e ectiveness by the National

Waste Management Working Group and Provincial-Municipal Health Departmentshas not yet been assessed.

2. Not enough incinerators are availa le inCam odia to support the appropriatetreatment o pharmaceutical and healthcare waste. This leads to unsa e wastedisposal practices such as open urningand urying o harm ul waste, liquidwastes generating rom pharmaceutical

production or la oratories.

3. Limit d training on sa handling andOHS r gulations provid d to sta whohandl ch micals and m dical wast inth h alth s ctor.

4. Insufcient training on how to correctlyus wast wat r syst ms in pharma-c utical industry, r sulting in untr at d

r l as .


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WHAT CAN bedon to m t th s chall ng s?

To addr ss th s div rs chall ng s, thollowing policy-l v l r comm ndations

hav n mad y a group o r pr s n-tativ s rom r l vant lin ministri s at thnational and su national l v l, local non-gov rnm nt organizations and privatcompani s. Th y hav n ndors d ythe Inter-agency Coordinating Mechanism,a task orc mad up o r pr s ntativ s

rom k y lin ministri s that driv s thd v lopm nt o policy and r gulations

that gov rn ch micals manag m nt:

1. Develop cross-sectoral laws covering thesound management o chemicals that clearly designate which government agenciesare responsible or regulation implemen-tation, monitoring and compliance.

2. D v lop a national Wast Manag m ntProgramm which provid s practical

disposal choic s, including ngin r dland lls and low mission incin rators;a cradl to grav approach to ch micalwaste handling and transport, y promotingcomplianc with xisting r gulationson wast disposal and land trafc.

3. Incr as d r gistration o suppli rs andproducts and proper la elling o chemical

products.

4. Strengthen e orts to promote alternativearming methods ( est practices) such as

th Syst m o Ric Int nsi cation (SRI),Integrated Pest Management (IPM), useo otanical p sticid s and organic

arming, which require smaller chemicalinputs.

5. A ter the Dra t Su -decree on Classi cationand La lling o Ch micals, 2008 has

een passed through parliament, supportits impl m ntation.

6. Am nd xisting r gulations to mak itmandatory or privat compani s toprovid hazard in ormation a out thch micals th y us /supply.

7. Raise awareness of chemical suppliers and users of safe practices through in ormationcampaigns, asic ch mical training or

amers on pesticide use and introductiono OSH r gulations or work rs in thindustry s ctor.

8. Strengthen the ability o relevant gov-ernment agencies to introduce greater chemical controls, including in th ar aso regulation en orcement, order control to cur ill gal imports, and incr as dcoop ration tw n ag nci s.


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Promote mainstreaming of sound management of chemicalsregulations in relevant ministries,and integrate into government policy, strategy and planningdocuments.

An economic analysis was done to projectth n t to Cam odia o introducing

mor string nt and cl arly d n d polici sand regulations on the sound managemento ch micals. It ound that a ter 10 years o implementing the above policy actions 3, 4,7 and 8, the beneft to Cambodia would beabout US$31 million. Also, an investment o US$90 million ov r 10 y ars (or th cost o impl m nting th s policy actions) willhav a r turn rat o 20%, which is v ry

high when compared to most other pu licinv stm nts.

Asid rom th s conomic n ts, thsound manag m nt o ch micals will alsocontri ut to th improv d h alth andgeneral well eing o Cam odians who aredirectly and indirectly exposed to chemicals,and pr v nt th d gradation and pollution

o agricultural lands, lak s, riv rs, and thnvironm nt as a whol .

The economic analysis also recommendedth ollowing actions:

Conduct a mor d tail d study intop sticid us in Cam odia to providmor r lia l national data or additionalanalysis o policy actions;

Work to sta lish tt r links tw nnational NGOs and development partners

such as UNeP, UNDP, FAO, WHO, Worldbank, Danida, KemI, and other specialisedagencies working in the area o chemicalsmanag m nt;

Review the policy actions outlined, identi ya com ination o actions to e taken, andundertake economic analyses o the policyactions as d on d tail d udg ts andr n d stimat s o xt rnal costs;

Develop detailed project documents orthe proposed policy actions with a strong

mphasis on sustaina ility o int nd doutcom s;

Impl m nt proj cts wh n unding is inplac , consist ntly monitor progr ss andtak stock in 3-5 y ars to id nti y any n d

or chang in approach and scop toxpanding g ographical cov rag ; and

HOW WILLpolici s on sound manag m nto ch micals n t Cam odia?


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HOW DO Wemainstr am issu s o soundmanag m nt o ch micals intonational planning?

Mainstr aming o sound manag m nt o ch micals issu s into national planningwill e most e ective i it is integrated into

xisting planning m chanisms, such as

National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP)and updat s, s ctoral plans and pu licinv stm nt programm s. This could don in th ollowing ways:

Pr par stat m nts or sound manag -m nt o ch micals mainstr aming inth NSDPupdat and discuss withresponsi le lineministries, and encourageth Ministry o Planning to int gratth t xt l m nts inth NSDP updat ;

Establish Sectoral Working Groups (SWGs)to develop sector-specifc recommen-dations to be included in the NSDP and sectoral plans;

D v lop d tail d programm /proj ctdocum nts or priority policy actionswith a strong mphasis on id nti yingsustaina l improv m nts to howch micals ar curr ntly manag d inCam odia;

Ass ss how to ngag in th Pu licInv stm nt Programm d v lopm ntproc ss with a vi w to linking prioritySMC actions with th udg tingproc ss.

What n xt? Th n xt d v lopm nt plan o th RoyalGovernment o Cam odia (National Strategic

D v lopm nt Plan updat 2009-2013) willcontinue to include the agriculture, industryand h alth s ctors. Within th s s ctors,ch mical us is incr asing, sp ci cally inagroch mical input to oost arm produc-tivity, ch mical raw mat rials or th t xtiland garm nt industry and h alth carwast manag m nt. Th s ar as will n dto manag d or th n t o quality

and sustaina l d v lopm nt. This in ormation was compil d romProj ct Sali nt Points: Mainstr amingSound Manag m nt o Ch micals intoNational MDG- as d D v lopm ntPlanning in Cam odia, pu lish d y thMinistry o environm nt and UNDP inF ruary 2010. For mor in ormation,contact th D partm nt o PollutionControl at th Ministry o environm nt.


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10/16

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Cover Photo credit: UNDP/Arantya Cedillo


12/16

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15/16

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16/16

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Sound Management of Chemicals Brochure