Sort the graphs. Match the type of graph to it’s name.

Science Graphs S1C4PO1

If a picture is worth a thousand words,

a graph is worth a thousand pictures.

Today’s Objectives

(1) Communicate data through (1) Communicate data through tables and graphs.tables and graphs.

(2) Create appropriate graphs (2) Create appropriate graphs based on data.based on data.

• Think like scientists!

Science Graphs

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Vocabulary words

Formulas

Main Ideas

Possible Test Questions

Key Concepts

Summary of the notes and information learned

Graphing and Analyzing Science Data

• In science we collect a lot of data. For that data to be useful we must analyze it...

• What does this mean? How can I use this? What does this show me? Does this seem logical? Does it prove my hypothesis?

Graphing

• Graphs are a useful tool in science.

• The visual characteristics of a graph make trends in data easy to see.

• One of the most valuable uses for graphs is to show data collected during an experiment. The graph shows your results.

Why Do We Use Graphs?

•Graphs help us visualize numerical data.

•There are 3 different types of graphs:

–Bar graphs

–Pie graphs

–Line graphs

Types of Science Graphs

Line graph

• A line graph is used to show continuing data; how one thing is affected by another.

• It's clear to see how things are going by the rises and falls a line graph shows. This kind of graph is needed to show the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable.

• Used to show change over time.

Line Graph

Daily Temp Readings

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8:00

AM

Noon 2:00

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PM

9:00

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Temp

Line Graph

Sucker size over time

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30

minutes in mouth

Dia

mete

r of

sucker

(cm

)

Scatter Plots

• 1. Similar to line graphs• 2. Used to represent trends and

relationship between two variables• 3. Data points are NOT connected• 4. Can be used with line of best fit• 5. Shows how much one thing is affected

by another (this relationship is called a correlation)

Scatter Plots (continued)

• When data point are plotted on a scatter plot– the closer the data points come to making a straight

line the higher the correlation between the two variables = stronger relationship

– lines go from lower left to upper right = positive correlation

– lines go from upper left to lower right = negative correlation

– no particular pattern = no correlation– Correlation does not mean cause and effect

Examples of Scatter Plots

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Bar graph

• A bar graph is used to show relationships between groups.

• The items being compared do not need to affect each other.

• It's a fast way to show big differences.

Bar Graph

grape root beer lemon-lime cola

Pie graph

• A pie graph is used to show how a part of something relates to the whole.

• This kind of graph is needed to show percentages effectively.

• Doesn’t deal with time

Pie Graph

Ms. Schreiber’s class- student eye color

Choosing the Right Graph

• Use a bar graph if you are not looking for trends (or patterns) over time; and the items (or categories) are not parts of a whole.

• Use a pie chart if you need to compare different parts of a whole, there is no time involved and there are not too many items

(or categories). • Use a line graph if you need to see how a quantity has changed over time.  Line graphs enable us to find trends (or patterns) over time.

Graph Types

Vs.Vs.

Graph Types

Line GraphLine Graph

- Use when the IV - Use when the IV changes changes amount amount (day #, amount of (day #, amount of fertilizer, etc)fertilizer, etc)

Graphing in Science 09.09.2011

Graph Types

- Line Graph - Use when the IV changes amount (day #, amount of fertilizer, etc)

Graph Types

Bar GraphBar Graph

- Use when the IV - Use when the IV changes changes type type (person name, (person name, color of flower, color of flower, etc.)etc.)

Graphing in Science 09.09.2011

Graph Types

-Line Graph - Use when the IV changes amount (day #, amount of fertilizer, etc)-Bar Graph - Use when the IV changes type (person name, color of flower, etc.)

Parts of a Science Graph

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1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

Sales Data

East

West

North

Title

Key

X axis

Y axis

Data

Graphing your science data

• All graphs should have a title and a key or legend.

• The title should adequately explain what the graph is representing.

• The key should explain how to read the graph.

Graphing your science data

• Both the X and Y axis should be properly labeled. Do not just put the numbers; state what the numbers mean and use units when necessary (5 miles, 5 minutes, 5 dollars or 5 degrees?)

• The scale should be drawn so that the graph takes up as much of the paper as possible. This makes the graph easier to draw and easier to read.

Graphing your science data

• The scale should also be consistent. Increase each increment by the same amount (by 1s, 5s, 10s, etc.).

• Make sure the increment is significant to the data (if the data is measured in 100s, do not make increments of 5).

• Last, but not least, when appropriate- use COLOR in your graphs!

Variables

• Independent variable- the variable you, the scientist, control and change (goes on the horizontal “X” axis)

• Dependent variable- the variable changed by the independent variable; the variable you are measuring (goes on the vertical “Y” axis)

• Control- a test object in which the independent variable is not changed (used for comparison)

Parts of a Science Graph

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0.5

1

1.5

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1 5 10 20

# of mentos

Coke & Mentos- Ht. of Foam

Dependent variable: the variable that responds to the change made

Independent variable: what you will

control/change

What’s being

measured

Graph list

1.1. Data in correct locationData in correct location

2.2. Axes labeled with units (cm, L, s, Axes labeled with units (cm, L, s, kg, etc.)kg, etc.)

3.3. Axes evenly spaced outAxes evenly spaced out

4.4. Accurate titleAccurate title

5.5. Correct graph typeCorrect graph type

Graphing in Science 09.09.2011

Graph ✔ List

1. Data in correct location2. Axes labeled with units (cm,

L, s, kg, etc.)3. Axes evenly spaced out4. Accurate title5. Correct graph type

Science Graphs

NotesNotes

NotesNotes Notes

NotesNotes

Notes

NotesNotes

Questions

Vocabulary words

Formulas

Main Ideas

Possible Test Questions

Key Concepts

Summary of the notes and information learned

Quick Practice (Left Page)

Copy this table down and create a line Copy this table down and create a line graph for it!graph for it!

Fertilizer Amount in (mg) - IV

Plant Height in (cm) - DV

5 10

10 13

15 15

20 20

Quick Practice (Left Page)

Fertilizer Amount in (mg) - IV

Plant Height in (cm) - DV

5 10

10 13

15 15

20 20

10