SOPRA

Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural ApplicationsSustainable Smart Micro Grids

SUBJECTS

• ALFEN

• SOPRA-system

• SOPRA applications

ALFEN

• Specialist since 1937 in transformer and sub stations, LV an MV -infrastructure en EV charge solutions

• Part of TBI (since 1971), a construction and installation company with € 2 billion annual turnover and ca. 8.000 employees

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION• Worldwide approx. 1.3 billion people

do not have electricity and water

• 1 billion people have bad electricity supply

• Connecting to public utilities is very often not economical

• It is the mission of the SOPRA consortium to share its expertise in decentralized generation of sustainable energy

POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

SOPRA PRODUCT • Containerized solution– One 20 ft container for complete village

• 10-20-400-1000 kW, • 15--850 kWh storage (LiFePO4)• 20 years lifetime

• Modular Solution– High redundancy – Extendable in power and energy (within

container + adding extra containers)– Low losses (not used inverter power in

standby)

• Components in container:– Bi-directional Energy Storage Inverters

with battery– Inter SOPRA system coupling – Control system (PLC based)– Remote control and diagnostics– Smart metering with load shedding,

load shifting, peak shaving, etc

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (1): CIVIL

• Current situation:– No or bad grid (1,5 + 1 bilion

people)– High cashflow for candles, fuel and

mobile phone charging, approx 70 Euro/capita per year

• New situation:– SOPRA sustainable smart micro

grid– Lifetime > 20 years– Total investment 200 Euro / capita;

total market 500 BEuro– Roll out model, with partners like

telcom companies

SOLAR POWERPLANT

• Current situation:– Normal grid in solarbelt

• New situation:– Large PV powerplant: typically 10-

40 MWp (0,03-0,05 Euro/kWh)

– PPA (Power Purchase Agreement)

– Gridcode requires storage (15 minutes unbalance compensation)

– Costs storage 0,03 Euro/(kWh supplied PV)

DG POWER SUPPLIED FACTORY • Current situation:

– Cocoa plant Nigeria– 1 MW DG (24/7)– Price Diesel 0,75 Euro/l– 2 MEuro diesel per year

• New situation:– Existing DG – SOPRA PV + Storage, – costs 4 Meuro– Saving 1 MEuro / year– Payback: 16 x 1 MEuro = 16

MEuro

EXAMPLE CIVIL SOPRA PROJECT BURUNDI

• Project with Government of Burundi and Alfen to electrify 13 remote rural vilages with 60.000 people with SOPRA systems planned instalation mid 2014.

• Turn key installation:– Solar Powerplant– Energy Storage– Electricity distribution– Smart metering (prepayment)– Smart Grid:

• Load shedding / load shifting / peak shaving• tamporing and theft detection, • prepayment (STS, GSM, office, etc)

SOLAR ENERGY IN BURUNDI

Variable Months -> I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

Insolation, kWh/m²/day 4.68 4.98 4.78 4.56 4.42 4.76 5.25 5.26 5.16 4.66 4.36 4.50Clearness, 0 - 1 0.46 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.53 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.44Temperature, °C 19.57 20.32 19.98 19.65 21.01 21.19 20.99 22.06 22.49 20.61 19.22 19.19Wind speed, m/s 2.83 2.94 2.77 3.00 3.81 4.37 4.18 4.01 3.41 2.91 2.68 2.45Precipitation, mm 155 162 176 187 84 9 5 12 57 87 184 162Wet days, d 22.7 21.1 22.3 24.2 12.9 2.5 2.7 3.5 9.5 17.1 26.4 24.4

African countries have high insolation during all year, used data is for Burundi (www.gaisma.com)

The variation per day is limited (source NASA)1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 1091211331451571691811932052172292412532652772893013133253373493610.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00 Sunhours per day (kWh/day) year 2012

SRAD (kWh/day)

APPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRICITY (IN TWO STEPS)

Step 1:• Lighting/ phone charging and limited radio/tv/fridge in houses• Lighting/radio/tv/computers in schools/ mill camps/ orphanages• Lighting/radio/tv/computers in health centres• Computers in offices• Water pumps• Mobile phone towers• Existing energy costs (candles/fuel) is about 10 Euro/kWh• Total costs of electricity 0,30-0,40 Euro/kWh (PV, storage, Grid, smartmeters, interest etc)

Step 2:• The system is prepared to be able to easily increase power level in daytime for economical

development with very low costs per kWh• Costs of additional electricity: 0,03-0,05 Euro/kWh ! (25 yrs 5% interest 1900 sunhours / yr)

STATE OF CHARGE (TYPICAL SYSTEM)

0.00

10.5

021

.00

31.5

042

.00

52.5

063

.00

73.5

084

.00

94.5

010

5.00

115.

5012

6.00

136.

5014

7.00

157.

5016

8.00

178.

5018

9.00

199.

5021

0.00

220.

5023

1.00

-50000

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000SOC [kWh]

SOC [kWh]

Load shifting (f.e. water

pumps)

Partial load shedding (pref

/ non-pref loads) or

apply diesel geneation

LOAD SHIFTING USERS:• Water towers• Irrigation• Fridges• Electric scooters• Cell phone charging• Charging several

equipment

SOME SIMULATION RESULTS OF DEMAND SIDE CONTROL

Load shifting group

Normal users

High pref users:

Telecom towers

Health centers

TOP 10 LOWEST INCOME COUNTRIES 2011/2012

• Democratic Republic Congo - 347• Liberia - 416• Burundi - 430• Zimbabwe - 471• Eritrea - 731• Central African Republic - 774• Niger - 795• Sierra Leone - 846• Malawi - 852• Togo - 892

Income in USD / (capita year) (source IMF)

FINANCING SOPRA SYSTEMS

• In even the most poor countries there is enough cash flow !– Candles, petrol, diesel for lighting and small electricity generation– Example village in Burundi with 8000 inhabitants, with anual cash

flow 300-500 kEuro – SOPRA investment 1-1.5 Meuro.– Conclusion: business case is feasible !

• In these countries also mobile phone networks and comparable business cases and investements are built

• Revolving funds can be utilized (Dutch Good Growth Fund)• Other funding: Worldbank, UN, etc.• Risks to cover:

– Governments to charge too low and too fixed tariffs– People to save money => buy more equipment => grid investments

required => income too low for these investements => energy sustainable however financially NOT sustainbale

– Solution: smart business models / variable tariffs / technical solutions (power limitations, etc)

SUSTAINABLE SMART MICRO GRIDS

• In the developed world we have a “copper plate” for electricity transmission and distribution, with still limited renewable generation. The copper plate limits the need for smart grids.

• Developing countries can not afford the investment in such “copper plates” and not afford fosile fuel generation

• SOPRA sustainable smart micro grids avoid the investments in new “copper plates” and supply affordable renewable energy.

INITIAL INVESTMENT FOR SE4ALL

• Sustainable Energy For All:

INVESTMENTS EXPECTED BY IEA:

QUESTION HOW MUCH REVOLVING INVESTMENT NEEDED ?

• Electricity only

• Revolving fund use existing cash flow => each 3 yrs doubling capacity

0 3 6 9 12 15 180.00E+00

2.00E+08

4.00E+08

6.00E+08

8.00E+08

1.00E+09

1.20E+09

1.40E+09

1.60E+09

1.80E+09

No of People having electricity

No of People having elec-tricity

assumed energy consumption 40kWh/(capita*year)Investment 200 Euro / capitapayback with existing cashflow 3 yrsInitial investment revolving fund 5000 Meuroactual init. investment per capita 3,13 Euro

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

• Ir Evert Raaijen• Business development manager Sustainable

Smart Micro Grids and Energy Storage @ ALFEN• E.Raaijen@alfen.com