Sony-The Basics of Camera Tech

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Giamzi

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9> Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx

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G G @ A m gb ieh wa


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GG@ Amgbiehwa

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izm omip}zmw pbip {mzm mvmdl~m` pl ha~zlvm pbm vmzphgid zmwl!

d}phle lo i giamzi% Whegm W}~mz M_W hw ie mebiegm` olza lo

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amgbiehwa hw jiwm` le Oziam Hepmkziphle "zmomz pl —Ohmd`

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Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx 9=


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9? Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx

GG@ Amgbiehwa

BI@ WmewlzPA

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{bhgb heglz~lzipmw i Bldm Igg}a}dipm` Dixmz le hpw w}zoigm%

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mepmz ie` igg}a}dipm he pbm wmewlz% Pbm zm`}gphle lo ìzc

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zmkhwpmz lgg}zw%

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`mwhkem` pl lvmzglam pbhw `zi{jigc% Pbm }~~mz ~izp lo pbhw

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Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx 9;


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Pbm OHP wpz}gp}zm pb}w loomzw w}~mzhlz wamiz ~mzolzaiegm j}p

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giep% Le Gbh~ Dmew "LGD( pmgbeldlkx `ziwphgiddx mebiegmw

pbm dhkbp!glddmgphek gi~ijhdhpx lo i GG@ jx ~dighek i ahgzl!

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gle`hphlew%

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GG@ Amgbiehwa

^hgp}zm MdmamepGG@ w~mghohgiphlew izm he`hgipm` {hpb pbm e}ajmz lo blzhle!

pid ie` vmzphgid ~hgp}zm mdmamepw pbmx bivm {hpbhe pbmhz ~blpl!

wmewhphvm izmiw% I ~hgp}zm mdmamep glepihew lem ~blpl

wmewlz pl wia~dm pbm hepmewhpx lo pbm heglahek dhkbp hzmgpm`

pl hp%

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izmi hw pbm aihe oigplz$ {bhgb mpmzahemw pbm zmw}dpiep zmwl!

d}phle lo pbm giamzi%

Hp a}wp jm elpm` pbip gmzpihe izmiw idlek pbm m`kmw lo pbm

GG@w izm aiwcm % Pbmwm izmiw glzzmw~le` pl pbm blzhle!

pid ie` vmzphgid jdiechek ~mzhl`w ie` izm }wm` iw i zmomzmegm

olz ijwld}pm jdigc% Pb}w$ pbmzm izm p{l `mohehphlew he `mwgzhj!

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aiwcm`% +Moomgphvm ~hgp}zm mdmamepw+ mwgzhjmw pbm e}ajmz lo

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heglahek dhkbp%

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mzid ahddhle ~blplwmewhphvm gmddw% Pbm zmphei pbme glevmzpw pbm

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jzihe+w emzvm wxwpma% Pbhw hw pbm jiwhg amgbiehwa lo bl{

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y}hpm hoomzmep%

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pl —HP,OHP GG@‑ ($ {hpb pbm ~blpl wmewlzw }wm` olz pbm dhkbp!pl!

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mdmgpzhgid gbizkmw ip migb ~blpl wmewlz izm pziewomzzm` pl pbm

vmzphgid wbhop zmkhwpmzw }zhek pbm vmzphgid jdiechek hepmzvid%

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zmi`l}p "`}zhek pbm wiam blzhlepid hepmzvid( wl pbm emrp

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GG@ ~hgp}zm mdmamep

Aiwcm` ~hgp}zm mdmamep

Moomgphvm ~hgp}zm mdmamep





G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

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:0 Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx

Giamzi O}egphlew

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Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx :=

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:? Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx

Giamzi O}egphlew

Jdigc Wbi`hekJdigc Wbi`hek hw i ~bmelamele ljwmzvm` iw }emvmeemww he

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Gmepmz Aizcmz



Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx :;


G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

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:2 Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx

Giamzi O}egphlew

Gzhw~mehekIw amephlem` he pbm wmgphle le @mpihd Dmvmd "zmomz pl —@mpihd

Dmvmd‑ ($ `mpihd whkeidw izm }wm` pl zihwm pbm glepziwp ip pbm

ìzc!pl!dhkbp ie` dhkbp!pl!ìzc pziewhphlew$ aichek pbm m`kmw

lo ljfmgpw i~~miz wbiz~mz jlpb blzhlepiddx ie` vmzphgiddx%

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pbie pbm igp}id zmwld}phle ~zlvh`m` jx pbm giamzi% Bl{mvmz$

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`mpihd dmvmd hw bhkb%

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o}egphle$ mpihd whkeidw {hpb waidd ia~dhp}`mw$ {bhgb izm alwp

dhcmdx gi}wm` jx elhwm$ izm zmalvm` ozla pbm whkeid%

Iw wbl{e he pbm ohk}zm jmdl{$ he pbm Gzhw~mehek ~zlgmww$ ledx`mpihd whkeidw pbip mrgmm` i mwhkeipm` pbzmwbld` izm }phdhm`

olz haikm mebiegmamep% Glevmzwmdx$ pbm `mpihd whkeidw {hpb

waidd ia~dhp}`mw izm zmkiz`m` iw elhwm ie` zmalvm`%

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pmzew {bme hw~dixhek i gla~lwhpm whkeid omm` le i ~hgp}zm

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{lzpb{bhdm pl zmvhm{ pbm gla~lwhpm whkeid "zmomz pl —Gldlz Whk!

eid Olzaw‑ (%

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ie` d}aheiegm whkeidw plkmpbmz wl pbmhz w~mgpz}aw hepmz!

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mvmz$ i zi{jigc {iw wmme le pbm P_ zmgmhvmz wh`m% Whegm idd

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bivm jmme mvmdl~m` pl wm~izipm pbm gla~lwhpm whkeid hepl

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jmme gla~dmpm mvme {hpb pbm alwp i`viegm` pmgbeldlkx%Gzlww Gldlz W}~~zmwwhle pmgbeldlkx ! heglz~lzipm` he pbm dip!

mwp Wlex ~zlomwwhleid vh`ml giamziw ! ~zmwmepw i wld}phle pl

pbm dhahpiphlew lo X,G wm~iziphle le P_ zmgmhvmzw% Gzlww

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ozmy}megx gla~lemepw izm mdhaheipm` ozla pbm X,Z!X,J!X

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pbm gla~lwhpm whkeid pl jm miwhdx wm~izipm` jigc hepl hpw

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elzaiddx ljwmzvm`%

Gzhw~mehek dmvmd

Gzlww GldlzGzlww Gldlz W}~~zmwwhle LE



Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx :8


G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

@mpihd DmvmdHe idd giamziw$ haikm mebiegmamep hw }wm` iw i ampbl` pl

ha~zlvm ~hgp}zm wbiz~emww% He jzhmo$ haikm mebiegmamep

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mebiegmamep hw i~~dhm` pl jlpb vmzphgid ie` blzhlepid ~hg!

p}zm m`kmw%

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hw gzmipm`%

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pzigphek "`( ozla p{l phamw "j(% Pbhw hw o}zpbmz i``m` pl "j($

gla~dmphek pbm mpihd glzzmgphle "o(%

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giddx pbm wiam iw blzhlepid `mpihd glzzmgphle% Pbm ledx `hoomz!

megm hw pbip pbm `mdix ~mzhl`w olz gzmiphek whkeidw "j( ie` "g(

izm lem blzhlepid wgieehek dhem ie` p{l blzhlepid wgieehek

dhemw$ zmw~mgphvmdx%

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iegm pl pbm ~hgp}zm$ iw pbl}kb ljfmgpw bivm jmme *g}p l}p*ozla pbm jigckzl}e`%

@mpihd glzzmgphle

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Giamzi O}egphlew

@xeiDiphp}`mPA

@xeiDiphp}`m hw i omip}zm loomzm` le Wlex @_GIA giaglz`!

mzw olz gi~p}zhek haikmw {hpb i vmzx {h`m `xeiahg ziekm lz$

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mria~dm$ {bme wbllphek i w}jfmgp he ozlep lo i {he`l{ ozla

hewh`m pbm zlla$ mpihdw lo pbm wgmemzx l}pwh`m {hdd jm `hoohg}dp

pl zm~zl`}gm }m pl pbm vh`ml whkeid+w dhahpm` 9 _~!~ xeiahg

ziekm% Bl{mvmz$ @xeiDiphp}`m hw i }ehy}m pmgbeldlkx pbip

lvmzglamw pbhw dhahpiphle wl pbip jlpb izc izmiw ie` jzhkbp

izmiw lo i ~hgp}zm gie jm gdmizdx zm~zl`}gm` {hpbhe pbhw 9 _~!

~ ziekm%

@xeiDiphp}`m o}egphlew he w}gb i {ix pbip pbm whkeid hw gla!

~zmwwm` {hpbhe pbm 9 _~!~ ziekm igglz`hek pl pbm dhkbp `hwpzh!

j}phle lo pbm ~hgp}zm% @xeiDiphp}`m ohzwp ieidxmw pbm dhkbp

`hwpzhj}phle lz dhkbp bhwplkzia lo pbm ~hgp}zm ie` iwwhkew alzm

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dizkmz izmi lo pbm ~hgp}zm% He lpbmz {lz`w$ hp i~~dhmw dizkmz

gla~zmwwhle pl hewhkehohgiep izmiw lo pbm ~hgp}zm ie` i~~dhmw

dmww lz el gla~zmwwhle pl whkehohgiep izmiw%

@xeiahg Glepziwp Glepzld "I}plaiphg Cemm Glepzld(

Idpbl}kb aiex em{ pmgbehy}mw bivm jmme `mvmdl~m` olz

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jdx lem lo pbm alwp ~l~}diz%

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jm bie`dm`% I kll` mria~dm hw {bme {m pzx pl wbllp i ~mz!

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wh`m%

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zmgphle "zmomz pl —Cemm Glzzmgphle‑ (% Pbm `hoomzmegm hw pbip

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dhek pbm cemm ~lhep "ie` he wlam giamziw$ pbm cemm wdl~m( pl

i vh`ml dmvmd l~phahm` olz pbm wgmem pbip hw jmhek picme%

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ma~dlxm` he Wlex GG@ giamziw iddl{ i xeiahg ziekm lo }~

pl ?>>-%

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—Iì~phvm Bhkbdhkbp Glepzld‑ ( izm idwl ivihdijdm le alwp Wlex

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Hdd}aheiphle9>>-

9>>-

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Cemm ~lhep

=>-

?>>-





G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

Mdmg pzhg Wlop Olg}wWche Plem @mpihd "zmomz pl —Wche Plem @mpihd Glzzmgphle‑ ( gie

jm vmzx moomgphvm olz zm`}ghek ~hgp}zm wbiz~emww lo w~mghohm`

gldlz izmiw% J}p hp idwl biw dhahpw% Hp `lmw elp zmiddx i~~dx ~hg!

p}zm jd}z$ hp wha~dx `mgzmiwmw pbm `mpihd whkeid dmvmd pl i~~dx i

ghemaiphg lz ohda!dhcm wlopemww%

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igzlww haikmw {hpb w~mghohg gldlzw$ alwp Wlex bhkb!me` gia!

mziw loomz i o}egphle giddm` Mdmgpzlehg Wlop Olg}w% Pbhw }wmw

pbm `mpihd whkeid pl zm`}gm$ zipbmz pbie hegzmiwm$ pbm wbiz~!

emww lo i ~hgp}zm% Iw wbl{e he pbm `hikzia$ jx w}jpzigphek

pbm `mpihd whkeid ozla pbm lzhkheid whkeid "iw l~~lwm` pl i``!

hek hp he haikm mebiegmamep($ Mdmgpzlehg Wlop Olg}w ~zlvh mw

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ziekm%

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zhampzx olz migb wbllphek wgmeizhl iw {mdd iw pl gla~mewipm

olz pmgbehgid ha~mzomgphlew he gmzpihe giamzi gla~lemepw% He

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pham i wbllp hw ~mzolzam`$ ~zlomwwhleid giamziw ~zlvh`m

oighdhphmw pbip iddl{ pbmwm pl jm wivm` ie` zmgiddm` iw *ìpi

ohdmw* {bmemvmz zmy}hzm`% Pbhw Ohdm Wxwpma kzmipdx glepzhj!}pmw pl l~mziphleid moohghmegx$ ie` biw jmme i`l~pm` he idd

~zlomwwhleid vh`ml giamzi wxwpmaw ivihdijdm plìx%

@m~me`hek le pbmhz eip}zm ie` {bme pbmx izm }wm` he pbm

mephzm wmp}~ ~zlgm`}zm$ i`f}wpamep ~iziampmzw izm gipmkl!

zhm` hepl i~~zl~zhipm *ìpi ohdmw*$ w}gb iw Zmomzmegm Ohdm

"zmomz pl —Zmomzmegm Ohdm‑ ($ Wgmem Ohdm "zmomz pl —Wgmem Ohdm‑ ($

Dmew Ohdm "zmomz pl —Wgmem Ohdm‑ ( mpg% He Wlex giamzi wxw!

pmaw$ pbm Zmomzmegm Ohdm ie` pbm Wgmem Ohdm gie jm wplzm` le

zmalvijdm zmglz`hek am`hi w}gb iw Amalzx WphgcPA ie`

Amalzx Giz`$ {bhgb meijdmw hewpiep zm~zl`}gphle lo wbllp!hek gle`hphlew olz ~izphg}diz wgmemw iw {mdd iw pbm }~dhgiphle

lo giamzi wmp}~ i`f}wpamepw jmp{mme a}dph~dm giamziw%

Kihe[bme wbllphek {hpb i vh`ml giamzi he dl{!dhkbp gle`hphlew$ i

w}oohghmep whkeid dmvmd gie lopme elp jm ljpihem` }m pl i digc

lo dhkbp hzmgpm` pl pbm haikmz% Olz w}gb giwmw$ vh`ml giamziw

bivm i Kihe ]~ o}egphle$ {bhgb mdmgpzlehgiddx jllwpw pbm

vh`ml whkeid pl i w}oohghmep dmvmd olz vhm{hek le i alehplz lz

zmglz`hek pl i _PZ% Pbm Kihe ]~ o}egphle }w}iddx loomzw wmv!

mzid Kihe ]~ vid}mw$ {bhgb izm wmdmgpm` jx pbm l~mziplz

`m~me`hek le pbm dhkbphek% Hp a}wp jm elpm` pbip gbllwhek i

dizkm Kihe ]~ vid}m {hdd zmw}dp he mkzi`hek pbm W,E ziphl$

whegm elhwm hw idwl jllwpm`% Wlam giamziw bivm i ahe}w

Kihe ]~ wmpphek pl ha~zlvm pbmhz W,E ziphl%

Lzhkheid

Mebiegm`

Wlop Olg}w



7: Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx

Giamzi O}egphlew

KiaaiKiaai "η ( hw i e}amzhgid vid}m pbip wbl{w pbm zmw~lewm

gbizigpmzhwphgw jmp{mme pbm haikm jzhkbpemww lo ie igy}hwh!

phle mvhgm "giamzi( lz hw~dix mvhgm "GZP alehplz( ie` hpw

he~}p vldpikm% He lz`mz pl ljpihe oihpbo}d ~hgp}zm zm~zl`}gphle$

pbm jzhkbpemww lo pbm ~hgp}zm a}wp jm he `hzmgp ~zl~lzphle pl

pbm he~}p vldpikm% Bl{mvmz$ he GZPw }wm` olz glevmephleid

~hgp}zm alehplzw$ pbm jzhkbpemww lo pbm GZP ie` pbm he~}p

vldpikm zmpihe i zmdiphlewbh~ {hpb ie mr~lemephid o}egphle$

hewpmi` lo i `hzmgpdx ~zl~lzphleid zmdiphlewbh~% Iw wbl{e he

"i($ pbm jmia g}zzmep "{bhgb hw he ~zl~lz phle pl pbm GZP+w

jzhkbpemww( vmzw}w pbm he~}p vldpikm zhwmw iw ie mr~lemephid

g}zvm$ he {bhgb pbm mr~lemep hw i oigplz dizkmz pbie lem% Le

pbm alehplz wgzmme$ pbm ìzc izmiw lo pbm whkeid {hdd dllc

a}gb ìzcmz pbie pbmx igp}iddx izm$ ie` jzhkbp izmiw lo pbmwhkeid {hdd dllc a}gb jzhkbpmz pbie pbmx wbl}d` jm% Pmgbeh!

giddx$ pbhw zmdiphle hw mr~zmwwm` he pbm olddl{hek my}iphle6

H 1 G r M η

{bmzm H hw pbm jzhkbpemww$ M hw he~}p vldpikm ie` G hw i w~m!

ghohg glewpiep% Pbm mr~lemep he pbhw my}iphle hw giddm` pbm

+kiaai+ lo pbm GZP%

Hp hw ljvhl}w pbip pbm kiaai lo i ~hgp}zm alehplz GZP a}wp

jm gla~mewipm` olz he lz`mz pl oihpbo}ddx zm~zl`}gm ~hgp}zmw

picme jx pbm giamzi% W}gb gla~mewiphle hw giddm` +kiaai

glzzmgphle+% ^zl~mzdx w~michek$ kiaai glzzmgphle wbl}d` jm

`lem {hpbhe pbm ~hgp}zm alehplz% Bl{mvmz$ pbhw hw `lem {hpbhe

pbm giamzi whegm hp hw alzm mglelahgiddx moohghmep pl ~mzolza

pbm glzzmgphle {hpbhe pbm giamziw }wm` jx pbm jzli`giwpmz$

zipbmz pbie he pbm b}km e}ajmz lo ~hgp}zm alehplzw pbip mrhwp

he pbm aizcmp%

Pbm klid he gla~mewiphek "kiaai glzzmgphle( olz pbm GZP+w

kiaai hw pl l}p~}p i whkeid wl pbip pbm dhkbp pbip mepmzw pbm

giamzi hw he ~zl~lzphle pl pbm jzhkbpemww lo pbm ~hgp}zm p}jm$

iw wbl{e he "j(% [bme pbm dhkbp pbip mepmzw pbm giamzi hw

~zl~lzphleid pl pbm giamzi l}p~}p$ hp wbl}d` jm gla~mewipmòlz {hpb ie mr~lemep lo 9, η % Pbhw mr~lemep η ‘"9, η ( hw {bip {m

gidd pbm giamzi+w kiaai% Pbm kiaai mr~lemep lo i alehplz

hw ijl}p :%:% Pb}w pbm giamzi kiaai pl gla~mewipm olz pbhw

hw ijl}p >%0= "9,:%:(%

Idpbl}kb kiaai glzzmgphle he pbm giamzi {iw lzhkheiddx

hepme`m` olz gla~mewiphek olz pbm GZP+w kiaai$ he plìx+w

giamziw$ kiaai gie jm i`f}wpm` pl khvm pbm giamzi haikm

i w~mghohg dllc% Olz mria~dm$ i ohda!dhcm dllc gie jm igbhmvm`

jx gbiekhek pbm wmpphekw lo pbm giamzi+w kiaai%

KmedlgcHe a}dph!giamzi wxwpmaw$ hp hw emgmwwizx pl wxegbzlehm "zmomz

pl —Wxegbzlehiphle Whkeid "Wxeg Whkeid(‑ ( pbm hepmzeid wxeg

kmemziplzw lo migb giamzi {hpbhe pbm wxwpma% Alzm w~mghoh!

giddx$ pbm ozmy}meghmw ie` ~biwmw lo pbm _ wxeg$ B wxeg$ ie`

w}j!gizzhmz lo migb giamzi l}p~}p a}wp jm wxegbzlehm` {hpb

migb lpbmz% Lpbmz{hwm$ ~hgp}zm wbhopw {hdd lgg}z {bme w{hpgb!

hek ozla giamzi pl giamzi {hpb pbm w{hpgbmz wxwpma }wm`%

Wxegbzlehiphle hw iggla~dhwbm` jx omm`hek pbm wiam gla!

~lwhpm whkeid pl migb giamzi iw i phahek zmomzmegm%

He vh`ml pmgbeldlkx$ pbhw hw `mwgzhjm` iw +kmedlgc+$ {bhgbzmomzw pl pbm giamzi+w o}egphle lo dlgchek hpw hepmzeid wxeg

kmemziplz pl pbm whkeid w}~~dhm` pl hpw Zmomzmegm HE gleemg!

plz% Pbm gla~lwhpm whkeid }wm` pl wxegbzlehm pbm giamziw

gie jm w}~~dhm` ozla i whkeid kmemziplz$ pbm w{hpgbmz$ lz lem

lo pbm giamziw {hpbhe pbm wxwpma mwhkeipm` iw pbm aiwpmz%

Jzhkbpemww

He~}p vldpikm

GZP‘w

Jzhkbpemww

He~}p vldpikm

GZP‘w kiaai

Giamzi kiaai

Kiaai glzzmgphle

"i( "j(





G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

B,_ Ziph lIw mr~dihem` he pbm wmgphle le @mpihd Dmvmd " zmomz pl —@mpihd

Dmvmd‑ ($ `mpihd glzzmgphle hw i~~dhm` pl jlpb blzhlepid ie`

vmzphgid ~hgp}zm m`kmw }whek wm~izipm blzhlepid mpihd ie`

vmzphgid `mpihd ghzg}hpzhmw% B,_ Ziphl zmomzw pl pbm ziphl

jmp{mme pbm ial}ep lo `mpihd i~~dhm` pl pbm blzhlepid ie`

vmzphgid ~hgp}zm m`kmw% Hp hw ha~lzpiep pl aihepihe pbm jidiegm

lo pbm blzhlepid ie` vmzphgid mpihd whkeidw pl igbhmvm eip}zid

~hgp}zm mebiegmamep% B,_ Ziphl wbl}d` pb}w jm gbmgcm`

mvmzx pham mpihd whkeidw izm i``m`%

Hepmzgla "Hepmzglaa}ehgiphle( Wxwpma[bmpbmz pbm i~~dhgiphle hw olz wp}`hl lz l}pwh`m jzli`giwphek$

vmzjid glaa}ehgiphle jmp{mme pbm giamzi gzm{ ie` wpioo he

pbm wp}`hl,LJ!vie glepzld zlla hw lo vhpid ha~lzpiegm% Pbhw hw

}w}iddx lem }whek pbm Hepmzgla O}egphle$ ivihdijdm le idd

wp}`hl!px~m giamzi wxwpmaw ie` pbmhz gl}epmz~izp giamzi

glepzld }ehpw% He igp}idhpx$ vmzjid glaa}ehgiphle jmp{mme pbm

giamzi gzm{ ie` wpioo he pbm glepzld zlla jmglamw ~lwwhjdm

jx gleemgphek ie hepmzgla wxwpma pl pbm giamzi glepzld }ehp

{bhgb zmdixw pbm glaa}ehgiphle dhem pl pbm giamzi bmi`%

Hepmzgla wxwpmaw gie bivm }~ pl pbzmm wm~izipm gbieemdw olz

glaa}ehgiphlew% Pbmwm izm pbm Mekhemmz+w Dhem "MEK($

hepme`m` olz glaa}ehgiphle le pmgbehgid hww}mw jmp{mme pbm

wp}`hl ie` pbm glepzld zlla$ pbm ^zl`}gmz+w Dhem "^ZL@($

}wm` olz glaa}ehgiphlew le bl{ pbm ~zlkzia wbl}d` jm

j}hdp$ ie` pbm ^zlkzia I}`hl Dhem "^KA($ }wm` pl omm`jigc

pbm wp}`hl glepmep lo pbm wbl{ pl pbm giamzi gzm{% Iw {hpb idd

lpbmz whkeidw$ hepmzgla whkeidw izm idwl pziewahppm` jmp{mme

pbm giamzi ie` giamzi glepzld }ehp "zmomz pl —Giamzi Glepzld

Wxwpma‑ ( pbzl}kb pbm Pzhir gijdm "zmomz pl —Pzhir‑ (%

Cemm I~mzp}zm[bme cemm glzzmgphle "zmomz pl —Cemm Glzzmgphle‑ ( hw i~~dhm`

pl pbm vh`ml whkeid {hpbhe i giamzi$ zm`}gphle he glepziwp he

pbm bhkbdhkbp izmiw gieelp jm ivlh`m`% Pbhw hw jmgi}wm pbmbhkbdhkbp glepziwp ! ie` pbm `mpihd whkeidw kmemzipm` pl

ma~biwhm pbhw glepziwp ! izm gla~zmwwm` jx pbm cemm glz!

zmgphle ~zlgmww {bhgb olddl{w% Pl gla~mewipm olz pbhw dlww he

glepziwp$ pbm cemm i~mzp}zm ghzg}hp igphvipmw pl ma~biwhm pbm

m`kmw lo ledx pblwm izmiw {bmzm cemm glzzmgphle hw i~~dhm`

"bhkbdhkbpw ijlvm pbm cemm ~lhep(% Cemm i~mzp}zm gie jm

i`f}wpm` he pbm wiam {ix mpihd glzzmgphle gie j}p ledx olz

pblwm izmiw ijlvm pbm cemm ~lhep%




Giamzi O}egphlew

Cemm Glzzmgphle[bme {m picm i ~blpl ikihewp i wpzlek jigcdhkbp$ f}wp dhcm

wbllphek i ~lzpzihp ~hgp}zm he ozlep lo i w}edhp {he`l{$ {m gie

wphdd gdmizdx wmm pbm w}jfmgp+w oigm {bhdm jmhek ijdm pl wmm pbm

`mpihdw lo wgmemzx l}pwh`m pbm zlla% Pbhw hw jmgi}wm pbm

b}aie mxm gie bie`dm {h`m xeiahg ziekm "zmomz pl

—@xeiahg Ziekm‑ (% Bl{mvmz$ pbhw hw elp miwhdx `lem jx vh`ml

giamziw jmgi}wm lo pbm dhahpm` vh`ml!dmvmd xeiahg ziekm

w~mghohm` jx pbm pmdmvhwhle wpieìz`% Pbmzmolzm ho pbm giamzi

dmew hzhw {iw i`f}wpm` olz glzzmgp mr~lw}zm lo b}aie wche

plemw$ pbm jzhkbp izmiw lo pbm haikm {l}d` elp ohp hepl pbm

vh`ml!whkeid ziekm ie` {l}d` jm {iwbm` l}p% _hgm vmzwi$ ho

pbm hzhw {iw i`f}wpm` olz pbm jzhkbp izmiw$ pbm vh`ml dmvmd lo

b}aie wche plemw {l}d` jm vmzx dl{ ie` {l}d` dllc pll ìzc%

He lz`mz pl ljpihe ie haikm zm~zl`}gphle dhcm pbm b}aie mxm$iw eip}ziddx iw ~lwwhjdm$ i o}egphle giddm` +Cemm Glzzmgphle+ hw

{h`mdx }wm` le plìx+w vh`ml giamziw% Cemm Glzzmgphle hw i

o}egphle pbip gla~zmwwmw pbm {h`m xeiahg vh`ml whkeidw

igy}hzm` jx pbm haikmz "GG@w( hepl pbm dhahpm` vh`ml!dmvmd

ziekm w~mghohm` jx pbm pmdmvhwhle wpieìz`%

Pbm vh`ml dmvmd ozla {bhgb whkeidw izm gla~zmwwm` hw giddm`

pbm cemm ~lhep% Iw wbl{e he pbm ohk}zm$ pbm vh ml l}p~}p

ijlvm pbm cemm ~lhep hw gla~mewipm` olz pl khvm i alzm kzi`!

}id zmw~lewm% Pb}w wlam `mpihd "glepziwp( gie wphdd jm

ljwmzvm` he pbm jzhkbp izmiw ijlvm pbm cemm ~lhep$ jzli`me!

hek pbm `xeiahg ziekm lo pbm giamzi%

Dmew OhdmHe kmemzid$ migb giamzi dmew hepzl`}gmw hoomzmep +loowmp+

gbizigpmzhwphgw$ {bhgb izm mdmgpzlehgiddx gla~mewipm` olz lei dmew jiwhw jx aichek i~~zl~zhipm i`f}wpamepw pl pbm gia!

mzi% Bl{mvmz$ {bme a}dph~dm dmewmw izm }wm` le pbm wiam

giamzi$ pbmwm hoomzmep gbizigpmzhwphgw zmy}hzm pbm giamzi pl

jm zmi`f}wpm` migb pham pbm dmew hw gbiekm`%

He lz`mz pl mdhaheipm pbhw j}z`me$ alwp bhkb!me` ~zlomwwhleid

giamziw bivm i wl!giddm` Dmew Ohdm wxwpma% [hpb pbhw wxw!

pma$ giamzi l~mziplzw gie wplzm dmew gla~mewiphle wmpphekw

olz he`hvh`}id dmewmw {hpbhe pbm giamzi iw dmew ohdmw% Whegm

migb dmew ohdm hw iwwhkem` i ohdm e}ajmz mwhkeipm` jx pbm

l~mziplz$ ~zm!i`f}wpm` dmew!gla~mewiphle ipi gie jmhewpiepdx zmgiddm` wha~dx jx wmdmgphek pbm glzzmgp ohdm e}ajmz%

Wha~dx ~}p$ legm pbm wmpphek olz i khvme dmew biw jmme ai`m

ie` wplzm` iw i dmew ohdm$ idd pbip emm` pl jm `lem pl }wm pbhw

dmew ikihe hw pl wmdmgp pbm ohdm e}ajmz iwwlghipm` pl hp%

Wlam dizkm wp}`hl!px~m dmewmw picm pbhw i wpm~ o}zpbmz jx

i}plaiphgiddx zmgiddhek pbm glzzmgp dmew ohdm jx zmkhwpmzhek pbm

wiam e}ajmz he pbm dmew+w amalzx iw pbip }wm` olz pbm iwwl!

ghipm` dmew ohdm%

Dmvmd @m~me`megmDmvmd @m~me`megm hw i whahdiz o}egphle pl Gzhw~mehek "zmomz pl

—Gzhw~mehek‑ ($ {bhgb hw }wm` pl ~zmvmep }e{iepm` mpihd whk!

eidw kmemzipm` jx elhwm% [bhdm +Gzhw~mehek+ zmalvmw `mpihd

whkeidw kmemzipm` jx elhwm ip idd whkeid dmvmdw$ Dmvmd @m~me!

`megm wha~dx zm`}gmw pbm ia~dhp}`m lo `mpihd whkeidw kmemz!

ipm` he pbm dl{ d}aheiegm izmiw% He lpbmz {lz`w$ Dmvmd

@m~me`megm iddl{w i hoomzmep ial}ep lo mpihd glzzmgphle pl

jm i~~dhm` }e`mz i khvme pbzmwbld`%

Whegm elhwm hw alwp elphgmijdm pl pbm b}aie mxm he izc ~hg!

p}zm izmiw$ Dmvmd @m~me`megm ha~zlvmw pbm whkeid y}idhpx he

pbmwm izmiw% Dmvmd @m~me`megm hw moomgphvmdx }wm` {bme pbm

~hgp}zm glepmep biw mrpzmamdx ohem mpihdw$ {bhgb gl}d` jm

ahwpicme olz zmalvm` elhwm ho Gzhw~mehek {iw }wm`%

9>>-

9>>-

_h`ml l}p~}p[bhpm gdh~ ~lhep

=>-

Hdd}aheiphle?>>-

Cemm ~lhep





G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

DhahpmzIw amephlem` he pbm wmgphle le @mpihd Dmvmd+ "zmomz pl —@mpihd

Dmvmd‑ ($ `mpihd whkeidw izm }wm` pl zihwm pbm glepziwp ip pbm

ìzc!pl!dhkbp ie` dhkbp!pl!ìzc pziewhphlew$ aichek pbm m`kmw

lo ljfmgpw i~~miz wbiz~mz jlpb blzhlepiddx ie` vmzphgiddx%

Bl{mvmz$ {bme pbmzm hw dizkm `hoomzmegm he pbm d}aheiegm

dmvmd ip pbm izc!pl!dhkbp lz dhkbp!pl!ìzc pziewhphlew$ pbm mpihd

ghzg}hp hw dhcmdx pl kmemzipm ie lvmz!ma~biwhm` ~hgp}zm m`km

ie` ljfmgpw aix i~~miz pl +odlip+ le pbm jigckzl}e`% Pbhw hw

jmgi}wm `mpihd whkeidw izm kmemzipm` he ~zl~lzphle pl pbm `ho!

omzmegm he pbm d}aheiegm dmvmdw ip pbm izc!pl!dhkbp lz dhkbp!pl!

ìzc pziewhphlew%

Pbm dhahpmz hw i ghzg}hp pl w}~~zmww pbhw }e{iepm` moomgp% Hp

+gdh~w loo+ pbm pl~ lo `mpihd whkeidw pbip izm ijlvm i mwhkeipm`

pbzmwbld`$ pbmzmjx ~zmvmephek mrgmwwhvm `mpihd glzzmgphle olz

jlpb {bhpm ie` jdigc mpihd whkeidw%

DM_MD@M %

@mpihd whkeid

@mpihd whkeid

[bhpm dhahpmz dmvmdM`km

Jdigc dhahpmz dmvmd




Giamzi O}egphlew

Dhemiz A ip zhr Ghzg}hpIdd b}mw he pbm vhwhjdm w~mgpz}a gie jm aipgbm` jx ahrhek

pbm pbzmm ~zhaizx gldlzw$ zm` "Z($ kzmme "K($ ie` jd}m "J(%Pbm w~mgpz}a gbizigpmzhwphgw lo pbmwm pbzmm ~zhaizx gldlzw

izm wbl{e he pbm ohk}zm jmdl{% Wlam izmiw glepihe emkiphvm

w~mgpzid zmw~lewm% Whegm emkiphvm dhkbp gieelp jm ~zl`}gm`$

pbhw amiew pbip wlam gldlzw gieelp jm aipgbm` }whek iex Z$

K$ ie` J glajheiphle% He vh`ml giamziw$ pbhw {l}d zmw}dp he

~izphg}diz gldlzw elp jmhek oihpbo}ddx zm~zl`}gm`%

Pbm Dhemiz Aipzhr Ghzg}hp gla~mewipmw olz pbmwm emkiphvm

dhkbp vid}mw jx mdmgpzlehgiddx kmemziphek ie` i``hek pbma pl

pbm glzzmw~le`hek Z$ K$ ie` J vh`ml whkeidw% Pbm ghzg}hp hw

~digm` jmolzm pbm kiaai glzzmgphle "zmomz pl —Kiaai‑ ( wl

pbip gla~mewiphle `lmw elp vizx `}m pl pbm ial}ep lo

kiaai glzzmgphle% He plìx+w giamziw$ pbm Dhemiz Aipzhr Ghz!g}hp hw }wm` pl gzmipm i w~mghohg gldlz dllc$ w}gb iw lem

`mohem` jx pbm jzli`giwpmz%

Dl{ Cmx Wip}ziphle[hpb glevmephleid vh`ml giamziw$ dl{!dhkbp izmiw gie jm w}j!

fmgp pl i zm`}gphle he wip}ziphle% Pbm Dl{ Cmx Wip}ziphle

o}egphle loomzm` he Wlex+w ~zlomwwhleid vh`ml giamziw jzhekw

i wld}phle pl pbhw ~zljdma% Pbm Dl{ Cmx Wip}ziphle o}egphle

i`f}wpw pbm gldlz wip}ziphle ip dl{!dhkbp dmvmdw jx jllwphek hp pl

ie l~phahm` dmvmd$ pb}w ~zlvh`hek alzm eip}zid gldlz zm~zl!

`}gphle% Iw wbl{e he pbm ohk}zm jmdl{$ {hpb pbm Dl{ Cmx Wip!

}ziphle o}egphle$ i {izamz gldlz hw zm~zl`}gm` pbip hw gdlwmz

pl eip}zid b}aie wche%

0>>

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=>>[ivmdmekpb "ea(

Z m d i p h v m w m e w h p h v h p x

H`mid w~mgpz}a gbizigpmzhwphg

?>> ;>>

Dl{ Cmx Wip}ziphle LOO Dl{ Cmx Wip}ziphle LE





G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

A hr ZiphlHe alwp ~zlomwwhleid vh`ml giamziw$ haikm mebiegmamep lz

`mpihd glzzmgphle "zmomz pl —@mpihd Dmvmd‑ ( hw i~~dhm` jlpb

jmolzm ie` iopmz pbm kiaai glzzmgphle "zmomz pl —Kiaai‑ ( iw

wbl{e jmdl{% Pbm pmza$ Ahr Ziphl$ `mwgzhjmw pbm ziphl lo pbm

ial}ep lo mpihd i~~dhm` ip ~zm!kiaai mpihd glzzmgphle ie`

~lwp!kiaai mpihd glzzmgphle%

Pbm zmiwlew pbip mpihd glzzmgphle hw i~~dhm` p{hgm l{mw pl

pbm kiaai glzzmgphle+w ele!dhemiz eip}zm% Kiaai glzzmg!

phle }wm` he vh`ml giamziw jllwpw pbm glepziwp ip pbm ìzc

~hgp}zm izmiw ie` pblwm he pbm {bhpm ~hgp}zmw kmp gla!

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Kiaai

@PD




Giamzi O}egphlew

A }dph A ipzhrA}dph Aipzhr biw jmme mvmdl~m` olz o}zpbmz gzmiphvm glepzld he

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Z‗X

J‗X

wip}ziphle

^biwm

Elzaid

Le





G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

^zmwmp [bhpmIw amephlem` he pbm wmgphle le +Gldlz Pma~mzip}zm+ "zmomz pl

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Ie haikm {hpb dl{ ~m`mwpid dmvmd Ie haikm {hpb bhkb ~m`mwpid dmvmdElzaid

^m`mwpid dmvmd




Giamzi O}egphlew

Zmp}ze _h`mlHe glajheiphle {hpb pbm Hepmzgla Wxwpma "zmomz pl —Hepmzgla

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mvmz `maie`m`%

Giamzi 9

_hm{ohe`mz haikm

_hm{ohe`mz haikm

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_h`mlglepzld zlla

GG]

Giamzi :GG]

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Zmp}ze vh`ml wxwpma

Giamzi 7 GG]

W}jfmgp

vh`ml l}p~}p





G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

Wche Plem @mpihd GlzzmgphleWche Plem @mpihd Glzzmgphle hw i o}egphle pbip iddl{w pbm `mpihd

dmvmd lo i }wmz!w~mghohm` gldlz pl jm i`f}wpm` "mebiegm` lz

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mebiegmw pbm gi~ijhdhpx lo Wche Plem @mpihd Glzzmgphle !

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[h`pb

^biwm

Wip}ziphle

Z!XX

J!XX

Wche Plem @mpihdIgphvm Izmi



0: Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx

Giamzi O}egphlew

PiddxPiddx hw i wxwpma my}h~~m` le ~zlomwwhleid giaglz`mzw ie`

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Piddx

ZMG Piddx





G G @ A m gb ieh wa


_ P Z w

L p b mz w

PDGW "Plpid Dmvmd Glepzld Wxwpma(

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Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx =9


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Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx ?9


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?: Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx

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Pbm Jiwhgw lo Giamzi Pmgbeldlkx ?7


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