Some statistical data for corrections

and new rehabilitation programs.

by Hiroshi WAKINAKA

Average of murder per 100,000.

Average of murder per 100,000.

Number of prisoners per 100,000citizens

About Japanese correction.

• Numbers of prisoner are about 65,000 people. (Japanese whole population is 130,000,000.)• Almost treatment is penal servitude. (8 hours works a day from Monday to Friday)• Servitude means as a punishment rather than

rehabilitation. (But also rehabilitation for punctual life.)

About Japanese correction (2)

• Prisoners attend correctional programs once a week at the most.

(For example, quit drug, quit a gangster, and the roll lettering to the victim.)• Recently, Japanese prisoners are aging and mental retardate, so increase repeaters.• Then the justice and welfare become helping each

other. support to come back community after prison=“an exit help”

changing investigation =support before prison =“an entrance help”

IQ scores of new prisoners in 2010 （ 24873males/2206females in JAPAN）

under49 50～ 59 60～ 69 70～ 79 80～ 89 90～ 99 100～ 109 110～ 119 over120 impossible to test

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

males females

changing numbers of new prisoners in each ages (JAPAN)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

over 60's 50's 40's 30's under 30's

Exceptionally, but there are new rehabilitation programs in Japan.

• Animal therapy, horse riding, and bringing up of guide dogs.

• Pottery.• Social skill training.• Cognitive behavioral therapy. …and “The Clowning workshops” which we are researching now at Harima rehabilitation program center in Hyogo prefecture.

The Clowning workshops are…

• 16workshops in 4 months. (Once 90minutes.)• For about 10 prisoners with mental retardation

or developmental disability.• They represent their own weakness, and they

are received with applause and laughed by others.

• These experiences is one of the acquisition of communication skill to getting helps, and improvement of self affirmation.

“At first, they were victims.”developmental disorders often courses child abuse.

Child abuse often courses like development disorders.

abusescoldingIll-treat

punishment

Down the sense of self affirmation

Apathydepression　　 despairantisocial

illegal actionAgainst the

law

(like)developmental

disorder

Most important thing is…

• Recovery of Offender’s sense 　　　 about Self- Affirmation.• Prevention to Child Abuse.

　 different ways of interviews.

Interrogation Forensic interview Psychological counseling

purpose Getting guilty 　 limited but informations about the fact based on evidence

　 Support of their problem solving by sympathy

method threat, confrontation,leading advantage

remembering of experienced memory 　 acceptance with

sympathy

risk of leading question 　　 much 　　 less the risk of false

memories

potential for truth 　　 Less much

But limited ???

Thank you.　※“ Drug　 Court“ at Old City Hall in Ontario CANADA March.15th in 2010