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Topics
• Comparing 1990 and 2014
• International comparisons
• Independent Police Commission
Climate in 1990s
• Miscarriages of justice– Tottenham 3– Guildford 4– Maguire 7
Galvanising moments
• Bristol seminars 1990• EOC-Managing to make progress 1990• Singh IT 1991• Halford 1992• Equality Seminar Bramshill 1992• PRSU research scheme
Supportive people
• Vee Nield Police Federation• Sally Hubbard and David Moore HMIC• Chief Constables John Hoddinott and Bill Skitt• Chief Superintendent Sue Davies
Percentage of women officers-Rank
C/S Supt C/I Insp Sgt PC All0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1.5 1.5 23
4
14
11
Percentage of women officers-role
Support(
secu
rity)
Training
Community re
lations
Support(
other)
Patrol
CID
Support(
crime)
HQTraffi
c0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Survey results (1993)
Men Women satisfied with rank 83% 85% satisfied with post 83% 83% worked in preferred role 87% 78% considered leaving 22% 29% same access to overtime 91% 80% same access to training 84% 86%
Sexual harassment results (1993)
com-ments
jokes dates touched assaulted0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NeverRarelySometimesOften
Ranks 2014
C/S Supt C/I Insp Sgt PC All0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
19902014
Number of forces with no women at high rank
• 14 forces have no ACPO women• 14 have no women c/superintendents• 5 have no women superintendents
• Only one force has a BME woman ACPO officer• Only one force has a BME woman
c/superintendent• 4 forces have a BME woman superintendent
Changes in numbers occupying different roles
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Air support
Child/sexual crime
CID
Dogs section
Drugs investigation
Firearms
Marine Division
Mounted Branch
Traffic Dept
Underwater
Vice Squad
Special Branch
2009
2000
1990
2013 Survey results -harassment
Men Women0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3.210.49.5
19.9
nonelittlesomeall
Fair access to career advancementall/some of the time
Men WomenAccess to training 31% (83%) 33% (85%)Promotion on merit 30% (84%) 34% (86%)Thinking of leaving 58% (22%) 51% (29%)
International comparison
• UK ahead of most European countries in percentage of women officers
• Women still under-represented at senior rank in most countries
• Barriers similar-lack of mobility, career interruptions, problems in part-time working, self-selecting out
• Percentage of women in policing tells us about the health of a country’s democracy (e.g. trust)
Current climate
Funding cuts• The country faces a period of austerity. Cuts in budgets with
possibly more to come
Maintaining public trust• The recent scandals (Hillsborough, Lawrence buggings, Jimmy
Savile, Rotherham ) erode public confidence
Changes to the political landscape• Elected police and crime commissioners, Home Secretary’s Police
Federation speech
Technology• New threats posed by the increased prevalence of cross-border
and cyber crimes. Mastering technology, not trailing in the wake
Trying to explain Coalition zeal for reform
• The decline in crime and political/industrial disorder reduces demand for policing
• The powerful are simply less dependent on public police protection
• Rolling back the state and making space for the private sector
Robert Reiner
Independent Police Commission
• Modernising Peelian Principles• Social Justice Model of Neighbourhood Policing• Purpose enshrined in Law• Geographic re-structuring• Abandon the PCC experiment• New deal of staff• Build a police profession• Creation of Independent Police Standards Commission• Rational procurement• Salvage forensic services
Overall aim of IPC
Re-imagining the police service as an institution that helps build democratic virtues and extends civic engagement
Some final musings
• Police Service is in a state of flux and not clear about its own identity
• Women's position has improved BUT still problems– Flexible working– Presence of harassment– Levels of violence
