SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN - NCDENR - NC Dept. of

June 2009June 2009

Apex • Fuquay-Varina • Garner • Holly SpringsKnightdale • Morrisville • Raleigh • Rolesville

Wake County • Wake Forest • Wendell • Zebulon

Cary •

WAKE COUNTYSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

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Executive Summary

Pursuant to NC General Statute 130A-309A(b), each unit of local government is required to develop a Ten Year Solid Waste Management Plan and update the Plan every three years. In Wake County, the original plan was adopted in 1997 and had been updated every third year since. This 2009 Plan Update, completed in cooperation with all 12 local municipal governments, was prepared in accordance with the latest Ten Year Solid Waste Management Plan Guide. The Plan presents a progressive vision for managing solid waste in Wake County through the development of intended actions for solid waste planning elements which include: reduction; collection; recycling and reuse; composting and mulching; incineration; transfer; disposal; education; special wastes; illegal disposal/litter; purchasing of recycled products; disaster response; collection of discarded electronics; and management of abandoned manufactured homes.

Accomplishments Over the past three years, the jurisdictions of Wake County have individually and collectively made improvements to elements of their own solid waste programs and the County’s shared solid waste system. The most notable accomplishments born from previous intended actions include the following:

In 2008, Wake County and its municipal partners opened the South Wake Landfill (SWLF), marking the culmination of an 18 year development process which included a collaborative evaluation of several alternative disposal options. The County and 11 participating municipal jurisdictions have established the “South Wake Landfill Partnership”, solidifying the landfill

development, operation, and use as a joint undertaking. By pooling their residential MSW waste streams for disposal at the SWLF, the partners can expect improved economy and predictability in waste disposal costs. As evidence of this, the tipping fees at the SWLF are currently among the lowest 25 percent in the State.

To facilitate delivery of waste from the northern and eastern parts of Wake County, the City of Raleigh constructed the East Wake Transfer Station (EWTS), which became operational

shortly after the opening of the SWLF.

Residential recycling rates have increased by 4 percent county-wide when compared to 2005 rates. Overall, ten municipalities reported increased residential recycling rates. Expanding the types of

materials collected curbside and providing more public education have contributed to this increase. Also, several municipalities, including Holly Springs, Knightdale, Wendell, Zebulon, and Wake Forest, have switched to using larger 48 gallon carts in place of the 18 gallon bin.

The City of Raleigh began a curbside recycling pilot program in the Central Business District to capture more waste from businesses. Collection service is offered four times a week via 64-gallon carts. Over 100 businesses had joined the program as of the end of FY 2008.

Wake County’s Feed the Bin recycling and environmental education program resulted in approximately 1.6 million pounds of mixed paper (12.4 lbs/student) being recycled from Wake County Public Schools in the 2007-2008 school year.

Participating Jurisdictions

Apex • Cary • Fuquay‐Varina Garner • Holly Springs • Knightdale Morrisville • Raleigh • Rolesville Wake Forest • Wendell • Zebulon

Wake County

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Wake County completed waste characterization studies for waste streams from Wake County public schools and government buildings. The County is using this information to gauge the effectiveness of the Feed the Bin program and identify actions to increase waste diversion.

In an effort to improve collection efficiency and control costs, most municipal and private fleets have either fully switched or begun transitioning to semi- or fully-automated refuse collection using 96 gallon roll-out carts.

In FY 2008, several eastern Wake County towns simultaneously and cooperatively negotiated with their contracted waste collection services provider during renewal of their residential solid waste collection contracts as a means to control costs.

Wake County and other local jurisdictions continue to provide collection and drop-off opportunities for special wastes that are not appropriate for landfill disposal, or may be beneficially reused or recycled. During FY 2008, Wake County collected 471 tons of household hazardous waste; 1,130 tons of white goods; 13,180 tons of tires; 25,223 gallons of used oil; 500 gallons of antifreeze; 1,752 lead-acid batteries; and 603 tons of electronic equipment from the two multi-material recycling facilities.

In FY 2008, Wake County completed a construction and demolition (C&D) waste assessment that examined quantities generated, processing and disposal capacities, and recycling market attributes. The results of this assessment have been used to develop new intended actions for the next planning period.

Future Actions Over the last three years, Wake County and the municipal governments have taken actions to secure long-term disposal, facilitate waste transfer, increase residential recycling rates, expand commercial recycling opportunities, and improve upon many other elements. Nevertheless, the local

jurisdictions recognize that additional effort is needed in virtually all areas in order to achieve their established vision and goals. In this regard, the 13 local governments have developed over 125 intended actions that may result in additional improvements to the jurisdictions solid waste programs and the County’s overall system. The intended actions support a shared vision for the 2009-2019 planning period that:

Provides the maximum opportunity practicable for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling using appropriate incentives, disincentives, and policies to motivate residents, institutions, and businesses;

Ensures the availability of economical, long-term municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal capacity;

Maintains an efficient system for collection, processing, recovery, diversion, transfer and delivery of all solid waste streams;

Offers a convenient method for residents to recycle a wide range of marketable materials including special wastes and yard wastes;

Communicates easily understood information regarding opportunities for all residents on how to reduce and recycle waste;

Employs effective methods to reduce illegal dumping and littering, and to monitor and enforce regulations prohibiting such behavior;

Provides a plan and adequate facilities for the proper management of disaster debris;

Is supported by a secure, transparent, and equitable funding system to cover the cost of the current and future solid waste management programs, as outlined in this Plan; and

Realizes increased efficiencies and cost savings through inter-governmental partnerships and the most appropriate mix of public and private sector services and facilities.

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Solid Waste ContactsThe solid waste representatives and contacts for the local governments in Wake County are:

Town of Apex Town of Cary Michael Deaton 919‐249‐3427 Scott Hecht 919‐469‐4388 Environmental Program Manager Solid Waste Division Manager

Town of Fuquay‐Varina Town of Garner Arthur Mouberry 919‐552‐1402 Paul Cox 919‐772‐7600 Director of Public Works Director of Public Works

Town of Holly Springs Town of Knightdale Luncie McNeil 919‐552‐5920 Tracy Pedigo 919‐217‐‐2290 Director of Public Works Director of Public Works Town of Morrisville City of Raleigh Blake Mills 919‐462‐7071 Frederick Battle 919‐831‐6073 Director of Public Works Solid Waste Services Director Town of Rolesville Town of Wake Forest Matthew Livingston 919‐556‐3506 Mike Barton 919‐554‐6123 Town Manager Director of Public Works Town of Wendell Town of Zebulon Alton Bryant 919‐365‐3616 Chris Ray 919‐269‐5285 Director of Public Works Director of Public Works Wake County Tommy Esqueda 919‐856‐7444 Environmental Services Director


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Contents

Executive Summary

Table of Contents

Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Organization .............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Participants ................................................................................................................ 1-1

Section 2 – Waste Reduction and Management Goals 2.1 Solid Waste Management Goals ............................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Waste Reduction Rate and Goals ........................................................................... 2-3

Section 3 – Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Disposition 3.1 Waste Generation ..................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Municipal Solid Waste .............................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 C&D Waste ................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.3 LCID ............................................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Solid Waste Disposition ........................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Solid Waste Composition ........................................................................................ 3-2 3.3.1 Public School System Waste Composition Study ................................. 3-3 3.3.2 County Government Facilities Waste Composition Study.................. 3-5 3.4 Solid Waste Materials Flow ..................................................................................... 3-6 3.4.1 Residential Waste Flow ............................................................................ 3-6 3.4.2 Non-Residential Waste Flow ................................................................... 3-7

Section 4 – Waste Management and Reduction Programs 4.1 Reduction ................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1.1 Current Activities ...................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Intended Actions ....................................................................................... 4-2

4.2 Collection ................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.1 Current Activities ...................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Intended Actions ....................................................................................... 4-5

4.3 Recycling and Reuse ................................................................................................ 4-5 4.3.1 Residential Recycling ................................................................................ 4-5 4.3.2 CII Recycling and Reuse Programs ......................................................... 4-9 4.3.3 In-House Recycling Programs ............................................................... 4-10 4.3.4 C&D Recycling and Reuse ..................................................................... 4-11 4.3.5 Intended Action ....................................................................................... 4-11 4.4 Composting and Mulching ................................................................................... 4-13

4.4.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-13 4.4.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-14

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4.5 Incineration .............................................................................................................. 4-14 4.5.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-14 4.5.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-15

4.6 Waste Transfer ........................................................................................................ 4-15 4.6.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-15 4.6.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-16

4.7 Disposal .................................................................................................................... 4-16 4.7.1 MSW Disposal .......................................................................................... 4-16 4.7.2 C&D Disposal .......................................................................................... 4-17 4.7.3 LCID Disposal .......................................................................................... 4-18 4.7.4 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-18 4.8 Education ................................................................................................................. 4-18


4.9 Special Wastes ......................................................................................................... 4-21 4.9.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-21 4.9.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-23

4.10 Illegal Disposal/Litter ............................................................................................ 4-23 4.10.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-23 4.10.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-25 4.11 Purchasing Recycled Products .............................................................................. 4-25


4.12 Disaster Response ................................................................................................... 4-26 4.12.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-27 4.12.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-27

4.13 Collection of Discarded Electronics ..................................................................... 4-27 4.13.1 Current Activities .................................................................................... 4-27 4.13.2 Intended Actions ..................................................................................... 4-28

4.14 Management of Abandoned Manufactured Homes .......................................... 4-28

Section 5 – Program Costs and Financing 5.1 Description and Assessment of Costs and Funding Mechanisms ..................... 5-1

5.1.1 Program Costs and Residential User Fees ............................................. 5-1 5.1.2 Comparison of Contract Services Costs ................................................. 5-1

5.2 Intended Actions....................................................................................................... 5-3

Section 6 – Program Management and Administration

Appendices Appendix A – Local Govt. Resolutions (NOT INCLUDED IN DRAFT) Appendix B – Notices of Opportunity for Public Comment and Meetings Appendix C – South Wake Landfill Interlocal Agreement Appendix D – Progress Summary – Intended Actions

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Appendix E –Map of TDSRs Appendix F – Waste Reduction Goal Sheet Appendix G – Buy Recycled Policies and Ordinances Appendix H – Public Comments on 2009 Plan (NOT INCLUDED IN DRAFT)

List of Tables 3-1 Estimated Populations by Jurisdiction .................................................................. 3-2 3-2 MSW Managed by Jurisdictions in Wake County ............................................... 3-3 3-3 Management of Solid Waste Generated in Wake County (FY 2005-2006) ....... 3-4 3-4 Waste Characterization Field Sorts of Disposed Solid Waste at North Wake Landfill – Overall Composition (1998) ....................................................... 3-6 3-5 Composition of Waste Disposed by the WCPSS .................................................. 3-7 3-6 Composition of Waste Disposed by County Government Facilities ................. 3-7 4-1 Waste Reduction Intended Actions........................................................................ 4-3 4-2 Curbside Collection Services Provided in Wake County Jurisdictions ............ 4-4 4-3 Collection Intended Actions .................................................................................... 4-6 4-4 Waste Disposed and Recycled by Wake County Jurisdictions, FY 2008 .......... 4-7 4-5 Recyclables Collected through Residential Curbside Recycling Programs ..... 4-8 4-6 Recyclables Collected through Local Govt. Sponsored Drop-Off Sites ............ 4-8 4-7 C&D Waste Landfilled and Recycled .................................................................. 4-11 4-8 Recycling and Reuse Intended Actions ............................................................... 4-12 4-9 Municipal Yard Waste Program Summary, FY 2008 ......................................... 4-13 4-10 Composting and Mulching Intended Actions .................................................... 4-14 4-11 Incineration Intended Actions .............................................................................. 4-15 4-12 Waste Transfer Intended Actions ......................................................................... 4-16 4-13 Permitted Active Disposal Facilities in Wake County ...................................... 4-17 4-14 Waste Disposal Intended Actions ........................................................................ 4-19 4-15 Education Efforts Undertaken by Wake County Jurisdictions ........................ 4-19 4-16 Education and Outreach Intended Actions ........................................................ 4-21 4-17 Special Wastes Intended Actions ......................................................................... 4-23 4-18 Illegal Disposal/Litter Intended Actions ............................................................ 4-25 4-19 Purchasing Recycled Products Intended Actions .............................................. 4-26 4-20 Disaster Response Intended Actions ................................................................... 4-27 5-1 Wake County Plan Jurisdictions’ Solid Waste Management Per- Household Program Costs and user Fees (FY 2007-2008) .................................. 5-2 5-2 Comparison of Solid Waste Contracted Services Costs ...................................... 5-3 5-3 Program Costs and Financing Intended Actions ................................................. 5-4 6-1 Program Management and Administration ......................................................... 6-2

List of Figures 3-1 Transfer and Waste Disposal Sites Wake County, NC ........................................ 3-5 3-2 Residential Waste Flow ............................................................................................ 3-8 3-3 CII Waste Flow .......................................................................................................... 3-8 4-1 Materials Recovered from Curbside and Drop-off Recycling Programs .......... 4-9

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4-2 Recyclables and Yard Waste Recovered ................................................................ 4-9 4-3 Tons of Wake County-Generated MSW Disposed ............................................ 4-17 4-4 Wake County C&D Waste Disposed ................................................................... 4-18 5-1 North Carolina MSW Landfill Tipping Fees at End of FY 2006 ......................... 5-4

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Section 1 Introduction

ursuant to NC General Statute 130A-309A(b), each unit of local government is required to develop a Ten Year Solid Waste

Management Plan and update the Plan every three years. In Wake County, the original plan was adopted in 1997 and was updated in 2000, 2003, and 2006. This 2009 Update, completed in cooperation with all 12 local municipal governments, was prepared in accordance with the latest Ten Year Solid Waste Management Plan Guide. The Plan presents a progressive vision for managing solid waste in Wake County through the development of intended actions within various solid waste planning elements.

1.1 Organization The 2009 Update is organized into six sections as noted below:

Section 2 presents a summary of waste reduction and management goals;

Section 3 characterizes the County’s solid waste stream and provides a description of the flow of solid waste;

Section 4 presents a summary of each jurisdictions program with regard to the twelve planning elements and provides current intended actions;

Section 5 provides information about the current cost of solid waste programs; and

Section 6 provides an update on Wake County’s solid waste management program and partnership with the local governments.

Appendices to this Plan provide supporting information used in developing the Plan.

1.2 Participants This Plan addresses the waste management planning needs and requirements of Wake County and all 12 municipal governments which include:

Apex

Cary

Fuquay-Varina

Garner

Holly Springs

Knightdale

Morrisville

Raleigh

Rolesville

Wake Forest

Wendell

Zebulon

The municipal governments participated in the Plan preparation by meeting individually with the County’s consultants to review their solid waste programs, provide updates on previous intended actions, and develop new intended actions. The Solid Waste Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) and Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SWAC) oversaw and participated in the Plan’s development, and recommended the plan for adoption by the elected officials of each local government. The TAC and SWAC are comprised of representatives from each local government.

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A draft of the Plan was placed in all Wake County Public Libraries and Chambers of Commerce for public review and comment. The draft Plan was also posted on Wake County’s web site. Paid advertising notices of the opportunity to review the plan were placed in the following papers (see notice in Appendix B):

Apex Herald (March 26)

Fuquay-Varina Independent (March 25)

Garner News (March 25)

Holly Springs Sun (March 26)

News and Observer (March 30)

Wake Weekly (March 26)

A public comment period spanned March 30th to April 10th, 2009. Additional opportunities for public input in the planning process were provided at each meeting of elected municipal officials when the draft plan was presented for review and consideration. The draft Plan was adopted by each local government by resolution. Copies of the resolutions are provided in Appendix A.

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Section 2 Waste Reduction and Management Goals

ake County and its municipal partners continue to support and refine the vision and goals for managing solid

waste that were established during the previous Plan Updates. Their shared vision for the 2009-2019 planning period supports a solid waste management system serving residents, institutions, and businesses that:

Provides the maximum opportunity practicable for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling using appropriate incentives, disincentives, and policies to motivate residents, institutions, and businesses;

Ensures the availability of economical, long-term municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal capacity;

Maintains an efficient system for collection, processing, recovery, diversion, transfer and delivery of all solid waste streams;

Offers a convenient method for residents to recycle a wide range of marketable materials including special wastes and yard wastes;

Communicates easily understood information regarding opportunities for all residents to reduce and recycle waste;

Employs effective methods to reduce illegal dumping and littering, and to monitor and enforce regulations prohibiting such behavior;

Provides a plan and adequate facilities for the proper management of disaster debris;

Is supported by a secure, transparent, and equitable funding system to cover the cost of the current and future solid waste management programs, as outlined in this Plan; and

Realizes increased efficiencies and cost savings through inter-governmental partnerships and the most appropriate mix of public and private sector services and facilities.

2.1 Solid Waste Management Goals Solid waste reduction and management goals that have been established to achieve the shared vision and which are supported by an updated set of intended actions listed in subsequent sections of this Plan are presented below:

Collection Provide cost-effective means of collecting MSW, recyclables, bulky waste, and yard waste, at approved service levels, from residential customers served by the participating jurisdictions.

Ensure that solid waste management and recycling collection services are made available to all solid waste generators, including businesses and institutions.

Transfer and Disposal Operate the South Wake Landfill (SWLF) in an efficient and environmentally sound manner using appropriate and innovative methods to ensure maximum use of airspace while considering beneficial reuse of methane gas.

Continually evaluate SWLF and East Wake Transfer Station (EWTS) tip fees to encourage in-county disposal and optimize the efficient use of both facilities.

Waste Reduction, Recycling, and Reuse Reduce, reuse, and recycle MSW to the maximum extent practicable in all participating jurisdictions, with the overall objective of achieving the State’s waste reduction goal of 40

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percent as measured against the baseline year of FY 1988-89.

Provide incentives, disincentives, and policies to motivate Wake County residents, businesses, and institutions to reduce, reuse, compost, and recycle solid waste.

Support economic development efforts aimed at enhancing existing and developing “sustainable” businesses, including those that can utilize local secondary material feedstocks.

Composting/Mulching Continue to provide convenient opportunities for Wake County residents to learn about the benefits and techniques for backyard composting of yard debris, food scraps, and other suitable organic wastes.

Investigate and pursue appropriate opportunities for food waste composting.

Consider initiatives to work with surrounding counties and states on larger projects such as organic waste composting and regional disposal alternatives.

Management of Special Wastes Continue to provide opportunities and the necessary services and facilities for Wake County to properly manage waste requiring special handling.

Education Continue to supply all residents with information on how to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste in their homes, places of work, and throughout the community.

Develop public awareness regarding the implications of over-consumption on solid waste generation and the environment, and inform residents about consumption practices that result in less waste generation as well as more efficient, environmentally sound use of resources.

Continue to provide a consistent and coordinated message of proper solid waste management and environmental stewardship for students, local government employees, and the general public.

Provide environmental education and recycling services to every public school in the Wake County Public School System (WCPSS).

Prevention of Illegal Dumping and Litter Make measurable and steady progress toward reducing illegal dumping and littering, including increased enforcement of the N.C. covered truck requirements.

Purchasing Promote business, institutional, and consumer involvement in buying products made from recycled materials.

Expand County and municipal recycled products purchasing programs via establishment of formal policies on procurement of recycled content and other “green” products and supplies by Wake County local governments.

Disaster Response Institute an effective disaster debris management system consisting of facilities and services reflecting coordination among County, municipal, state, and federal agencies.

Management and Financing Utilize full cost accounting practices for identifying and monitoring all solid waste management program costs.

Institute a balanced, secure, and equitable funding system to cover current and future costs associated with the programs and services needed to meet the County’s solid waste reduction and management goals.

Identify opportunities to reduce or control costs and increase revenue opportunities associated


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with solid waste disposal and recycling services for County and municipal buildings.

Work collectively to integrate and coordinate services and programs, and to realize increased efficiencies and cost savings that result from these joint efforts.

Strengthen partnerships with private sector service providers, to ensure appropriate and effective use of both public and private sector services and facilities in the most environmentally sound and cost-effective manner practicable.

Participate in regional planning and decision-making activities to address regional opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of recycling and sold waste management operations.

Establish program measures and an evaluation system to monitor progress toward attaining local solid waste management goals.

Ensure that there is a process and a place for public input into solid waste management plans and facility siting decisions.

Comply with all state and federal solid waste management regulations.

2.2 Waste Reduction Rate and Goals The 1991 amendment to the Solid Waste Management Act of 1989 established a statewide goal to reduce the amount of landfilled material 40 percent by 2001 (on a per capita basis). Statewide, the goal was not met, and per capita disposal rates continue to remain above the baseline fiscal year (FY) rate of 1.07 tons per person per year established in 1991-1992. The statewide per capita waste disposal rate in FY 2008 was 1.24 tons per

person per year – more than 15 percent above the baseline rate.

In Wake County, the per capita waste disposal rate continues to fluctuate. Between FY 2005 and FY 2007, waste disposal in Wake County increased from 1.23 to 1.42 to 1.44 tons per person per year (see inset). Comparing these rates to Wake County’s approved baseline year rate of 1.40, waste disposal fluctuated between a 12.5 percent decrease to a 2.9 percent increase. In FY 2008, per capita waste disposal dropped slightly below the baseline rate at 1.38 tons per person (a 1.5 percent reduction over baseline). The jurisdictions in Wake County have previously established a collective goal of 20 percent waste reduction for all solid waste. They continue to support that goal to be achieved by the end of the 2009-2019 planning period.

The jurisdictions of Wake County continue to take actions to increase waste reduction rates on a per capita basis. For example, in 2008 several municipalities, including Wendell, Zebulon, and Knightdale, switched from 18-gallon bins to larger 48-gallon carts for recyclables to facilitate increased residential recycling and reduce the amount of waste landfilled. Nevertheless, many factors continue to impact per capita waste generation rates that bear little relationship to the extent to which residents, businesses, and institutions make progress in implementing waste reduction

Wake County Waste Disposal and Waste Reduction Rates

Total Wake County Tons Disposed ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ = Tons per Person per Year

Population

MSW Tons Wake Co. Waste Disposal Percent Change FY Disposed Population Rate from Baseline* 04‐05 914,252 / 746,336 = 1.23 ‐12.5% 05‐06 1,071,973 / 755,034 = 1.42 +1.4% 06‐07 1,140,479 / 790,007 = 1.44 +2.9% 07‐08 1,151,050 / 832,590 = 1.38 ‐1.5% * Wake County baseline (FY 1988‐1989) rate was 1.40 tons per person per year


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programs and reducing the amount of landfilled material. Natural disasters, construction starts, industrial output, and the health of the economy all influence waste generation rates. The relatively moderate cost of disposal is also recognized as a disincentive to waste reduction. These factors have impacted waste generation in other communities such Mecklenburg County, which has long been recognized as a State leader in waste reduction and recycling. Mecklenburg County, like Wake County, experienced a similar increase in per capita waste generation rates between FY 2005 and FY 2007, followed by a decrease in FY 2008. Their reported per capita disposal rate increased from 1.67 tons in FY 2005 to 1.87 tons in FY 2007, then back to 1.67 tons in FY 2008.

Through effective planning and commitments from its municipal partners, Wake County has recently developed the SWLF, which provides long-term disposal capacity at low cost, compared to other available options. While it is the County’s primary goal to implement measures that will reduce waste generation and preserve landfill airspace (thus extending the life of the landfill), it is also a goal to provide for cost-effective solid waste disposal to citizens, businesses, and institutions. The cost of solid waste disposal generally increases, on a per ton basis, as disposal rates decrease. As such, there is a continual balancing of priorities (disposal cost vs. waste reduction) that must occur.

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Section 3 Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and

Disposition

n order for the County and local jurisdictions to reach the goals defined in Section 2, it is important to understand the types, quantities,

sources, and current disposition of waste materials generated in the County. To facilitate this understanding, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NC DENR) Division of Waste Management (DWM) requires all jurisdictions and certain types of facilities that manage waste to report annual solid waste statistics. The statistics are compiled and made available on the DWM web site. These databases provide valuable insight into waste generation and disposal amounts and trends throughout the County. In addition, Wake County has performed several studies of waste composition on a county-wide level and for certain elements of their organization. The following sections summarize the most recent information available for the County regarding waste generation, disposition, and composition.

3.1 Waste Generation Residential dwelling units, businesses, industries, government entities and institutions all generate waste that is ultimately collected, processed and disposed through solid waste service providers (both public and private). The following sections summarize available data for MSW, C&D debris, and LCID.

3.1.1 Municipal Solid Waste The distribution of MSW is primarily driven by population and growth patterns throughout the County and plays an important role in how efficiently the solid waste services can be provided. Therefore, an important element of any management plan is an evaluation of the population and growth patterns in the service area. Table 3-1 shows current and projected population

estimates for each of the local jurisdictions and the County. The State Office of Management and Budget projects Wake County’s population to grow from approximately 868,000 to over 1.2 million by the year 2020, which is a 40 percent increase in just over a decade. Despite efforts to reduce waste generation, this projected rapid growth of both residents and businesses will significantly increase waste generation throughout the County and its’ jurisdictions.

Table 3-2 shows the tons of MSW managed by each municipality for FY 2008. As a comparison to the last Plan Update, the County generated an additional 20,700 tons of waste in 2008 when compared to 2005 data. However, a positive note is that per capita waste generation dropped for eight of the local jurisdictions for a county-wide average reduction of almost 90 lbs per person managed. This reflects the County and municipalities’ continued efforts at recycling and waste reduction.

3.1.2 C&D Waste Based on the most recent information available from the DWM annual disposal reports (FY 05-06), 462,405 tons of C&D waste were generated in Wake County. There are currently four permitted and active C&D landfills in Wake County and one mixed waste procession (MWP) center. Most of the C&D waste generated in Wake County is either disposed in one of the four in-County C&D landfills or is recycled. Approximately 5 to 7 percent of Wake County-generated C&D waste is disposed in one of three out-of-County C&D landfills. Wake County no longer operates facilities to handle C&D waste.

3.1.3 LCID Land clearing operations produce such waste as trees, tree parts, stumps, rock, soil stone and other

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materials which are not permitted by the State for disposal in MSW landfills. There are currently three permitted and active LCID landfills in Wake County.

The municipalities reported collection of 67,940 tons of yard waste in FY 2008. Less than 20 percent of the residential yard waste was landfilled. It is unclear how much yard waste and vegetative matter from site clearing ended up in Wake County LCID landfills since the State does not track this information.

3.2 Solid Waste Disposition Based on a review of facility reports provided to the DWM and reports provided by the local jurisdictions, approximately 1.2 million tons of

MSW was generated in Wake County in FY 2005-2006. This includes both MSW and C&D sent to disposal facilities or transferred. It also includes recyclables recovered by local jurisdiction programs, which totaled just over 116,000 tons. It should be noted, however, that the amount of waste recovered and recycled is greater since business and institutional recycling in Wake County is not monitored or controlled by local jurisdictions. A summary of solid waste generation and recycling is shown in Table 3-3. The locations of Wake County disposal and recycling facilities are shown in Figure 3-1.

3.3 Solid Waste Composition The previous update to the Solid Waste Management Plan included a summary of a 1998

Table 3‐1Estimated Populations by Jurisdiction

JurisdictionPopulation

20051Population

20082Population

20103Population

20153Population

20203

Apex 29,739 34,463 38,659 48,408 60,614

Cary 110,000 132,647 149,735 181,318 212,902

Fuquay‐Varina 10,000 15,000 17,702 23,323 30,729

Garner 22,589 25,429 30,360 37,043 42,943

Holly Springs 14,500 22,362 24,693 31,189 39,394

Knightdale 7,325 10,000 12,315 14,983 17,369

Morrisville 12,500 15,003 17,750 20,800 23,900

Raleigh 294,843 380,173 399,419 451,906 511,290

Rolesville 953 2,800 2,999 3,562 4,231

Wake Forest 15,022 26,150 28,013 33,270 39,514

Wendell 4,451 5,742 8,778 16,495 23,705

Zebulon 4,232 4,781 7,292 8,872 10,283

Total Incorporated Area4 526,154 674,550 737,715 871,170 1,016,875

Unincorporated Area5 154,417 193,571 182,583 209,248 213,507

Wake County Total6 680,571 868,121 920,298 1,080,418 1,230,382

Notes:

1. The 2005 population estimates were provided by each jurisdiction as part of the previous Solid Waste Management Plan Update in 2006.

2. The 2008 population estimates were provided by each jurisdiction during the development of this plan.

3. The population projections were provided by municipal staff or developed from demographic data found on a jurisdiction's website. Apex, Fuquay‐Varina, Holly Springs

were shown on the jurisdiction websites. Cary, Garner, Morrisville, and Zebulon were adapted from the County's Water and Sewer Plan. Knightdale, Raleigh,

Rolesville, and Wake Forest were developed from average annual growth rates.Wendell projections were provided by their Planning Department.

4. Calculated by adding the total of all 12 municipal estimates

5. Calculated by subtracting the sum of municipalities' populations from the Wake County total population.

6. From the State's Office of State Budget and Management ( http://www.osbm.state.nc.us/ncosbm/facts_and_figures/socioeconomic_data/population_estimates.shtm )


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Waste Characterization Study performed for Wake County. The study provided statistical information to characterize and quantify the County’s solid waste stream. Table 3-4 presents a summary of the information contained in the 1998 study. An update to this information has not been performed since the last evaluation; however, waste composition studies have recently been completed for the Wake County Public School System (WCPSS) and for the County’s government facilities, as discussed below.

3.3.1 Public School System Waste Composition Study In 2008, Wake County completed a waste composition study for the WCPSS. The study was intended to determine the types and relative

amounts of recyclable materials being disposed of by the students, faculty, and staff of the school system. The Wake County Solid Waste Division planned to use the information to gauge the effectiveness of the County school recycling program and identify actions to increase waste diversion from disposal.

Table 3-5 depicts the composition of the waste disposed by the WCPSS as a whole. Approximately 22 percent of the waste disposed consists of materials that could have been recycled in the system’s existing recycling program. This includes recyclable paper (mixed paper, newspaper, corrugated cardboard, catalogs and magazines, telephone books, and text books totaling 15.9

Table 3‐2MSW Managed by Jurisdictions in Wake County

(includes Landfilled Tonnage, White Goods, Recyclables, and Yard Waste)

Jurisdiction Population 2008 1Tons of Waste

Managed 2008 2Pounds per Person Managed 2008

Pounds per Person

Managed 2005 3

Apex 34,463 19,998 1,161 1,337

Cary 132,647 53,503 807 938

Fuquay‐Varina 15,000 6,438 858 1,080

Garner 25,429 9,674 761 861

Holly Springs 22,362 9,849 881 732

Knightdale 10,000 2,844 569 649

Morrisville 15,003 3,612 482 406

Raleigh 380,173 181,761 956 1,083

Rolesville 2,800 1,076 769 1,800

Wake Forest 26,150 18,183 1,391 1,074

Wendell 5,742 3,502 1,220 1,345

Zebulon 4,781 4,954 2,072 1,605

Unincorporated Area 4 193,571 56,296 582 664

Total County 868,121 371,690 856 n/a

Notes:

1. Estimates provided by jurisdictions.

2. Tonnage estimates from Solid Waste Management Annual Report for each jurisdiction, reporting period July 1, 2007 ‐ June 30, 2008.

3. Source: Solid Waste Management Plan Update ‐ Final Report, Planning Period July 1, 2006 ‐ June 30, 2016, R.W. Beck, July 7, 2006.

4. Tons of MSW delivered to Wake County convenience centers.


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Table 3‐3Management of Solid Waste Generated in Wake County (FY 2005‐2006)

Management Practice Facility LocationTons Disposed (FY 2005‐2006)

Percent of Category

Percent of All MSW Waste

Wake County (North Wake) Landfill Raleigh, NC 434,566 68.7%WI‐Sampson County Disposal Inc. Roseboro, NC 162,310 25.6%Brunswick Landfill Lawrenceville, VA 19,926 3.1%Upper Piedmont Reg. Landfill Rougemont, NC 12,797 2.0%Lee County Landfill Bishopville, SC 2,732 0.4%BFI‐Charlotte Motor Speedway Landfill Concord, NC 416 0.1%Palmetto Landfill Wellford, SC 193 0.0%Uwharrie Env. Reg. Landfill Mt. Gilead, NC 46 0.0%Total Tons MSW Landfilled 632,986 100% 51.7%

Red Rock Disposal, LLC Raleigh, NC 153,532 33.2%Material Recovery/Brownfield Rd. C&D Landfill Raleigh, NC 148,244 32.1%Hwy 55 C&D Landfill Apex, NC 69,182 15.0%BFI‐Holly Springs Disposal Holly Springs, NC 54,372 11.8%Shotwell Landfill Wendell, NC 36,600 7.9%Cobles C&D Landfill Liberty, NC 409 0.1%WI‐Sampson County C&D Unit Roseboro, NC 45 0.0%Granville County C&D Landfill Oxford, NC 21 0.0%Total Tons C&D Waste Landfilled and/or Recovered 462,405 100% 37.7%

Household Recyclables (glass, metal and plastic containers, household grades of paper)

47,298 40.7%

White Goods2 1,068 0.9%

Yard Waste3 67,940 58.4%Total Tons Recycled 116,306 100% 9.5%

Central Carolina Tire Monofill Cameron, NC 13,180 100.0%Total Tons Tires Landfilled 13,180 100% 1.1%

Wake County HHW Facility Raleigh, NC 471 100.0%Total Tons HHW 471 100% 0.04%TOTAL MSW GENERATED 1,225,348 100.0%

Notes:

Primary Source: County Waste Disposal Report, NC DENR, Solid Waste Program

Additional materials are recovered by the private sector; however records are not kept regarding these materials.

2. White Goods data provided by Wake County staff for FY 2007‐2008 data

3. Yard Waste data provided by local jurisdiction staff for FY 2007‐2008 data

4. Landfilled Tires data provided by Wake County staff for FY 2007‐2008 data

5. HHW data provided by Wake County staff for FY 2007‐2008 data. While some HHW is recycled, this analysis includes all as disposed.

1. Recyclables tonnage includes program recyclables, white goods, and yard waste recovered through jurisdictions' programs.

Landfilled MSW

C&D Landfilled and/or Recovered

Recyclables Recovered 1

Landfilled Tires4

HHW5


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percent), containers (HDPE and PET containers, aluminum cans, and tin/steel cans totaling 3.9 percent), and expanded polystyrene foam (not necessarily cafeteria trays, totaling 1.5 percent).

Based on the study results, a number of opportunities were identified to help maximize waste diversion and increase the effectiveness of the WCPSS recycling program. The following is a list of primary recommendations from the study:

Provide education targeted for teenage/high-school students;

Expand materials recovery to include chipboard/paperboard, cardboard and organics; and

Consider modifications to existing contracts to obtain more cost effective services.

3.3.2 County Government Facilities Waste Composition Study In 2008, the County also completed a composition study of the County’s Government Facility waste stream. Similar to the Public School Study, the Solid Waste Division planned to use the information to gauge the effectiveness of the County government facility recycling program and identify actions to increase the recovery of recycled materials.

Table 3-6 presents the results of the 2008 County government facilities waste composition study. The table includes the weighted average of each material category. Results of the 2008 waste composition study

reveal that more than 22 percent of the waste stream generated in the Wake County government facilities is comprised of recyclable materials that are accepted in the County’s existing recycling program, which includes recyclable paper (18.5 percent) and recyclable containers (3.7 percent).

Based on the results of this study, a number of opportunities exist to maximize waste diversion and increase the effectiveness of the County’s government facilities recycling program. The following is a list of primary recommendations from the study:


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Implement a dual-stream recovery system to ease the burden on employees;

Consider expanding the list of recyclables;

Consider modifications to existing service contracts; and

Collect more information from vendors for future tracking of materials.

3.4 Solid Waste Materials Flow Once the waste is collected, the materials within the County and its jurisdictions flow through

several channels and may be disposed at a number of facilities. Many factors influence the flow of solid waste materials from the point of generation to the point of disposition. These factors may include the following:

Material type;

Collection service cost;

Facility tipping fees;

Value of recovered materials;

Proximity of disposal facilities and the time associated with disposal;

Relationship of each facility owner/operator to the hauling entity;

Existing service agreement terms; and

Hauler preferences

The sections below summarize the material flow for residential solid waste and non-residential waste.

3.4.1 Residential Waste Flow Residents of Wake County and its jurisdictions have multiple options for disposing of MSW, recyclables, yard waste and C&D waste. Figure 3-2 depicts these

options and general process flows for waste generated by the residents of Wake County.

In order to support development of the SWLF and create the most cost-effective MSW disposal option for the citizens of Wake County, 12 of the 13 local jurisdictions entered into an inter-local agreement (ILA) prior to completion of the SWLF. By creating the ILA, the jurisdictions agreed to pool their residential MSW waste streams for disposal at the SWLF in return for improved economy and predictability in waste disposal costs. As a result, all residential waste that is collected by the participating local jurisdictions or from Wake

Table 3‐4Waste Characterization Field Sorts of Disposed Solid Waste

at North Wake Landfill ‐ Overall Composition (1998)

CategoryMSW Composition1

(Mean Percentage)Solid Waste Composition2

(Mean Percentage)

Paper 34.1% 28.2%

Plastic 12.9% 10.6%

Metal 5.9% 4.9%

Glass 3.2% 2.6%

HHW 0.5% 0.4%

Yard Waste 1.8% 1.5%

Food Waste 12.1% 10.0%

Wood 10.3% 8.5%

C&D Debris 6.3% 22.5%

Durables 4.1% 3.4%

Textiles 2.9% 2.4%

Diapers 2.2% 1.9%

Rubber 0.3% 0.2%

Sharps 0.0% 0.0%

Other Organics 1.5% 1.3%

Other Inorganics 1.7% 1.4%

Other 0.2% 0.1%

TOTALS 100.0% 100.0%

Notes:Source: 1998 Waste Sort as included in 2006 Solid Waste Management Plan Update1. Includes only the residential, CII and mixed generator type results

2. Includes the C&D was well as the MSW, excluding the results of the visual characterization of C&D


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County’s convenience centers is directed to the SWLF.

3.4.2 Non-Residential Waste Flow Non-residential waste is generated primarily from commercial, industrial, and institutional sources. This waste may include MSW, recyclables, and yard waste. The flow for non-residential waste often differs from residential waste, which is true for Wake County and its jurisdictions. Non-residential waste that is not collected by the municipalities does not necessarily flow to the SWLF. Figure 3-3 provides a flow chart of the non-residential waste flow process.

Table 3‐5 Table 3‐6Composition of Waste Disposed by the Composition of Waste Disposed by

Wake County Public School System (% by weight) County Government Facilities (% by weight)

Material Categories Percentage Material Categories Percentage

Other Non‐Recyclable Trash 49.1% Other Non‐Recyclable Trash 50.4%

Food Waste 13.9% Mixed Recyclable Paper 8.8%

Mixed Recyclable Paper 9.2% Plastic Film 7.7%

Aseptic Containers 6.7% Food Waste 5.9%

Plastic Film 6.1% Corrugated Cardboard 3.7%

PET Containers 2.5% Polystyrene 3.6%

Catalogs and Magazines 2.4% Newspaper 2.7%

Corrugated Cardboard 2.3% C&D Debris 2.7%

Newspaper 1.7% Aseptic Containers 2.4%

Polystyrene 1.5% PET Containers 2.2%

C&D Debris 1.2% Catalogs and Magazines 2.1%

Scrap Metals 0.6% Electronics 1.7%

HDPE Containers 0.6% Telephone Books 1.2%

Glass Containers 0.5% HDPE Containers 1.0%

Aluminum Cans 0.4% Tin/Steel Cans 0.9%

Yard Waste 0.3% Scrap Metals 0.9%

Tin/Steel Cans 0.3% Glass Containers 0.8%

Electronics 0.3% Text Books 0.5%

Telephone Books 0.2% Aluminum Cans 0.5%

Text Books 0.1% Yard Waste 0.4%

TOTALS 100.0% TOTALS 100.0%


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Figure 3‐2. Residential Waste Flow

Figure 3‐3. CII Waste Flow

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Section 4 Waste Management and Reduction Programs

s part of the Plan Update process, the State requires local governments to assess the adequacy of solid waste management

programs and services, identify impediments, and consider solutions to minimize the impediments and achieve goals. To facilitate this process, the State has specified that current programs be inventoried and analyzed with regard to the following planning elements:

Reduction;

Collection;

Recycling and Reuse;

Composting and Mulching;

Incineration;

Transfer Outside of Geographic Area;

Disposal;

Education;

Special Wastes;

Illegal Disposal/Litter;

Purchasing of Recycled Products;

Disaster Response;

Collection of Discarded Electronics; and

Management of Abandoned Manufactured Homes

In addressing this planning requirement, the local jurisdictions of Wake County have provided (through survey) summaries of their current programs and the status of intended actions from the previous Plan Update. New intended actions aimed at achieving the solid waste goals presented in Section 2 are also discussed in the following pages.

4.1 Reduction After achieving a 12.5 percent waste reduction rate in FY 2005, waste disposal in Wake County trended upward for two years, reaching a high of 1.44 tons per person in FY 2007. In FY 2008, waste disposal declined to 1.38 tons per person. The strong local economic conditions of 2006 and 2007 are one expected cause of the increase in waste generation rates on a per capita basis. A decline in C&D recycling rates is another factor. According to the 2008 C&D waste assessment study completed by Wake County, the amount of C&D materials recycled has decreased since 2005 while overall C&D waste generation rates have increased. The result is a three percent decline in the C&D recycling rate over that time.

The number of residential source reduction programs offered and promoted by the local governments has also declined from 11, as reported in the last Plan Update, to only 5 during FY 2008. However, several of the local governments have focused more on waste reduction programs (which includes recycling) than on source reduction. For example, several jurisdictions have increased the number of recyclable materials accepted curbside and improved the collection methods.

4.1.1 Current Activities Residential Source Reduction Wake County and the municipal governments continue to provide a variety of source reduction programs to the residents of Wake County. Six municipalities offer backyard composting programs. Four of the six offer composting bins for distribution or sale and reported giving out 505 composting bins during FY 2008.

Other source reduction programs offered include grasscycling, junk mail reduction, xeriscaping, enviroshopping, and non-toxics use. The City of

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Raleigh is the only local government currently operating a waste exchange (swap shop).

Wake County supports and promotes waste reduction activities for residents through a variety of means. In addition to providing information on their web site, several programs are in place to reduce the amount of waste landfilled. These include:

The on-line “Trash Takers” database listing numerous reuse and recycling options for various types of waste;

The Holiday Wrap-up Recycling Program which provides opportunities for residents to recycle Christmas trees, corrugated cardboard, chip board, holiday cards, magazines/catalogs, solid-bleached sulfate (SBS) board, and wrapping paper. The program also provides tips on source reduction around the holidays (Raleigh also provides an 8-page guide listing tips for reducing holiday waste); and

The Master Gardeners’ Program which offers backyard composting education through promotions and demonstrations.

Commercial, Institutional, and Industrial (CII) and C&D Waste Reduction Nearly all jurisdictions have taken steps to reduce in-house waste generation through increased use of electronic communication, promoting recycling in government offices, and other means. Wake County offers technical assistance to CII establishments in the following ways:

Identify recycling haulers;

Provide recommendations on self-waste assessments;

Assist with the design of a collection system; and

Award Commercial Waste Reduction Grants for businesses to start or expand their waste reduction and/or recycling program.

Since the last Plan Update, Raleigh has begun offering curbside recycling service within Raleigh’s Central Business District (CBD). More than 100 organizations have joined the “Downtown Raleigh Recycles” program.

In 2008, Wake County completed a C&D waste assessment that included a review of quantities generated, processing and disposal capacities, and recycling market attributes. The County intends to use this information to develop future intended actions and support management decisions related to C&D waste reduction.

4.1.2 Intended Actions Table 4-1 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to waste reduction. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.2 Collection 4.2.1 Current Activities Table 4-2 provides a summary of curbside collection services offered in Wake County for residential and commercial solid waste, recyclables, yard waste, and bulky waste.

Solid Waste Collection Collection frequencies, providers, and methods vary among the municipal jurisdictions, but there are many similarities. Three municipalities operate their own fleet of solid waste collection vehicles (Raleigh, Cary, and Fuquay-Varina). Two private firms, Waste Industries and Republic Services are under contract with the other nine municipalities to collect solid waste. In the unincorporated portions of Wake County, residents contract directly with private haulers if they desire curbside service. Alternatively, they can use one of the County’s 11 convenience centers or the South Wake Landfill (SWLF).

A survey of residential solid waste collection costs for Towns that use private firms was completed in 2008. Monthly solid waste collection costs range between $8.01 and $10.11 per residence (see Section

Section 4 Waste Management Reduction Programs

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5). In an effort to improve collection efficiency and control costs, most municipal and private fleets have either fully switched or begun transitioning to semi- or fully-automated collection using 96 gallon roll-out carts. Another method recently used to control costs is cooperative contracting. In FY 2008, several eastern Wake County towns began simultaneously and cooperatively negotiating with Waste Industries during renewal of their residential solid waste collection contracts as a means to control costs.

Franchising remains a viable option to consider in Wake County to provide a uniform service for residential recycling and trash collection in the unincorporated areas. Other benefits include the elimination of duplicate collection routes along County roads and in subdivisions (resulting in less

truck traffic and associated wear and tear on County roads and decreased air emissions) and reductions in the cost of collection. Other southeastern communities such as Montgomery, Baltimore, Howard, and Frederick Counties in Maryland and Gwinnett County, Georgia already established franchise areas or are making efforts to franchise collection services (see inset on page 4-5). One potential concern related to franchising is that some courts have ruled that once a local government establishes a franchise area, they can no longer specify the disposal destination of the waste collected in that area. In Wake County, this would open up the possibility of less waste being delivered to the County-owned SWLF, thereby potentially increasing the annual cost of disposal to the County and its’ municipal partners.

Table 4‐1. Waste Reduction ‐ Intended Actions Jurisdiction Intended Action

Cary 1. Begin to accept chipboard, junk mail, and phone books in curbside recycling program.

2. Investigate porcelain recycling.

3. Review expansion of recycling activities at Citizens Convenience Center.

4. Update comprehensive recycling plan to include parks and greenways.

5. Place the piloted Used Waste Cooking Oil Collection Program on the FY 2010 budget for Council approval.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Holly Springs 6. Continue dissemination of educational literature to residents regarding the new 48 gallon recycling containers.

7. Expand wood chipping program to reduce yard waste going into the landfill.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Knightdale 8. Increase use of electronic communication within Town to reduce paperwork; implement an electronic work order system that is field accessible.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake Forest 9. Pass a C&D ordinance.

10. Advertise "bottle law" for restaurants to increase participation.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 11. Continue to provide waste reduction information on County web site and encourage municipalities to establish links.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

All Jurisdictions 12. Work collectively to inform and encourage C&D contractors and land developers to reduce the generation of C&D debris and build incentives/disincentives into the permit application requirements.


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Commercial W

aste

Jurisdiction

Freq

uency

Provider

Provider

Freq

uency

Provider

Freq

uency

Provider

Freq

uency

Provider

Apex

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Ope

n Market

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Weekly

Town

By Req

uest

Town

Cary

Weekly

Town

Ope

n Market

Weekly

Town

Weekly

Town

By Req

uest

Town

Fuqu

ay‐Varina

Weekly

Town

Waste Ind. & Tow

nEvery othe

r wk

Town

Weekly

Town

By Req

uest

Town

Garne

rWeekly

Repu

blic W

aste

Ope

n Market

Bi‐w

eekly

Repu

blic W

aste

Weekly

Repu

blic W

aste

Weekly & By Re

quest

Repu

blic W

aste

Holly Springs

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Repu

blic W

aste

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Weekly

Town

By Req

uest

Town

Knightdale

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Waste Ind.

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Weekly

Waste In

d.By

Req

uest

Town

Morrisville

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Waste Ind.

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Every othe

r wk

Waste In

d.By

Req

uest

Waste Ind.

Raleigh

Weekly

City

Ope

n Market

Weekly

City

Weekly

City

By Req

uest

City

City in CB D

Rolesville

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Waste Ind.

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Every othe

r wk

Wake Forest

By Req

uest

Waste Ind.

Wake Forest

Weekly

Repu

blic W

aste

Waste Ind.

Weekly

Repu

blic W

aste

Weekly

Town

Weekly

Repu

blic W

aste

Wende

llWeekly

Waste Ind.

Ope

n Market

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Every othe

r wk

Town

Weekly

Town

Zebu

lon

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Ope

n Market

Weekly

Waste Ind.

Every othe

r wk

Town

Weekly

Self

Wake Co

unty

Notes:

1 No adde

d fee for items up

to a certain size and/or weight.

2 Tow

n offers spe

cial bi‐ann

ual collection of bulky waste at n

o fee.

semi‐a

utom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

fully‐autom

ated

& m

anua

l

semi‐a

utom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

semi‐a

utom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

Curbside

Collection Services Provide

d in W

ake Co

unty Ju

risdiction

s

48‐gal cart

leaves collected

in season

fee‐ba

sed

2

fully‐autom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

18‐gal bin (swith

to 65‐ga

l in 20

09)

leaves collected

in season

fee‐ba

sed

35‐gal cart

leaves collected

in season

No ad

ded fee

semi‐a

utom

ated/72‐ga

l cart

96‐gal cart

fully‐autom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

fully & sem

i‐autom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

semi‐a

utom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

48‐gal cart

leaves collected

in season

No ad

ded fee1

Open Market

Ope

n Market

Ope

n Market

Open Market

Ope

n Market

semi‐a

utom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

48‐gal cart

leaves collected

in season

No ad

ded fee

48‐gal cart

leaves collected

in season

No ad

ded fee1

18‐gal bin

leaves collected

in season

No ad

ded fee1

18‐gal bin

leaves collected

in season

No ad

ded fee

18‐gal bin

leaves collected

in season

fee‐ba

sed

2

18‐gal bin

leaves collected

in season

No ad

ded fee1

48‐gal cart

leaves collected

in season

fee‐ba

sed

Reside

ntial W

aste

Recyclab

les

Yard W

aste

Bulky Waste

semi‐a

utom

ated/96‐ga

l cart

18‐gal bin

leaves collected

in season

fee‐ba

sed


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The majority of CII generated solid waste is collected by private haulers on the open market. In some instances, Town staff collect from small businesses or CII establishments self-haul to a disposal or transfer facility. The City of Raleigh collects solid waste in the CBD.

Wake County's Solid Waste Ordinance requires all persons, firms and corporations engaged in the collection of garbage, refuse, solid waste or recyclables in Wake County to obtain a Solid Waste Hauler's Privilege License. Currently, 65 companies are licensed haulers. The program helps to ensure a

certain levels and quality of service are provided to customers in Wake County. The County is in the process of updating its’ Solid Waste Ordinance as it relates to the licensing program with the goal of requiring an inspection of every hauler vehicle.

Recyclables Collection As noted in Table 4-2, many Wake County jurisdictions now use larger, 48-gallon recyclables carts and have switched to single-stream recycling. By moving from 18 gallon bins to the larger roll-out carts and offering single-stream collection, improvements in both collection efficiency and recycling rates are anticipated since more materials can be easily stored, brought to the curb, and emptied into an automated or semi-automated collection vehicle.

Yard Waste and Bulky Waste Collection Curbside yard waste collection service is offered in all municipalities on a weekly or every-other-week basis. Leaves are collected in season, and most offer curbside Christmas tree collection during the holidays. Two thirds of the municipalities use their own staff and equipment or contract with another municipality to collect their yard waste. Private firms maintain yard waste collection contracts in three towns. Bulky waste collection is offered in all municipalities on a weekly or by-request basis. Several municipalities also offer special collection events throughout the year.

4.2.2 Intended Actions Table 4-3 lists the intended actions established by

the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to collection. Consistent with what several municipalities have already done, many intended actions propose a move to semi- or fully-automated collection methods and the use of larger, roll-out carts for recycling. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.3 Recycling and Reuse 4.3.1 Residential Recycling The total tons of material recycled and waste

Franchising Solid Waste Collection Franchising solid waste collection services in unincorporated areas has received increased attention across the country in recent years. County governments have recognized a number of potential benefits to this approach for both the community and the service providers. Some of the community benefits include:

Improved customer service Uniform standards of service Flexibility to tailor services to meet needs Increased accountability of providers Reduced truck traffic Reduced wear and tear on roads Less noise and air pollution Less illegal dumping Cleaner neighborhoods Increased recycling participation Lower costs to citizens

Benefits to the service providers include:

Long term contracts (5‐10 years) provide guaranteed stable revenue

Reduced overhead (no sales staff needed and reduced/dense routes saves fuel and vehicle wear)

No bad debt to collect County contract can be used as collateral to finance new equipment

Wake County will continue to consider both the benefits and drawbacks of franchising solid waste collection in the unincorporated areas.


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disposed by each jurisdiction’s residential sector during FY 2008 is shown in Table 4-4. Most jurisdictions have seen increases in both the amount and the percentage of waste recycled versus landfilled over the last three years. Countywide, 4,110 more tons were recycled in

2008. Almost 20 percent of waste was recycled (not including yard waste) – an increase of just over 4 percent compared to 2005.

The almost across-the-board increases in recycling can be attributed to several factors:

Table 4‐3. Collection ‐ Intended Actions

Jurisdiction Intended Action

Apex 1. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Cary 2. Start automated recyclable collection every other week using a 65‐gal cart.

3. Initiate the Used Waste Cooking Oil Program (which includes curbside collection).

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Fuquay‐Varina 4. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Garner 5. Re‐bid garbage and recyclables collection contract and consider semi‐ or fully‐automated methods for collection (including larger roll‐out carts for recycling).

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Holly Springs 6. Work with multi‐family residential complexes to maximize recycling potential with roll‐out containers.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Morrisville 7. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 8. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.

9. Purchase and implement routing software and automatic vehicle locator system to optimize efficiency, control costs and reduce fuel consumption.

10. Pilot use of solar‐powered trash compactors to increase fuel efficiency in downtown garbage collection.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Rolesville 11. Use Town Staff to collect yard waste (service is currently provided by Wake Forest).

12. Consider changing recycling collection service to include use of larger roll‐out carts.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Zebulon 13. Rewrite ordinance for complexes to offer/improve collection at multi‐family and apartment complexes.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 14. Consider franchising residential solid waste and recyclables collection in unincorporated areas and providing both services to unincorporated households on automatic/fee basis.

15. Re‐assess the number, location, and services to be provided by convenience centers and multi‐material facilities based on the outcome of franchising investigations and revise operations accordingly.

16. In cooperation with municipalities, review and upgrade hauler licensing provisions and perform regular inspections.


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An increase in the types of materials collected curbside. One-half of the municipalities began accepting materials that were previously not accepted curbside, including cardboard, chipboard, junk mail, and certain types ofplastic. Table 4-5 lists the materials collected curbside by each jurisdiction.

Larger bins/carts. Several municipalities have switched to larger, roll-out carts which facilitate household recycling.

Increased public awareness. The “green” movement continues to raise public awareness of sustainability – one component of which is recycling. Many municipal web sites provide more information related to recycling now compared to three years ago.

In addition to curbside programs, seven jurisdictions operate drop-off centers that accept recyclable materials, as shown in Table 4-6. Over 22 percent of the residential recycling tonnage during

FY 2008 came from Wake County’s 11 convenience centers and two multi-material recycling facilities.

Annual totals of the type of materials recycled through the curbside and drop-off programs are shown in Figure 4-1. In the last three years, several jurisdictions have reported only total comingled tons of recyclables on their Solid Waste Management Annual Reports; therefore, the totals shown do not reflect the true actual material amounts. However, one trend that is apparent is the significant increase in cardboard. Several municipalities have recently added cardboard to their curbside recycling collection service.

Figure 4-2 shows the amount of recyclables and yard waste recovered annually in Wake County since FY 1995. As with the previous tables and figures, these amounts reflect materials recovered through residential programs only and do not account for materials recycled through commercial establishments or yard waste generated and recovered by commercial landscapers. While the

Apex 34,463 13,319 2,093 15.7% 2%

Cary 132,647 32,495 9,305 28.6% 8%

Fuquay‐Varina 15,000 5,586 853 15.3% 4%

Garner 25,429 7,205 908 12.6% 2%

Holly Springs 22,362 6,471 1,119 17.3% ‐3%

Knightdale 10,000 2,357 434 18.4% 3%

Morrisville 15,003 2,729 695 25.5% 13%

Raleigh 380,173 128,831 21,006 16.3% 5%

Rolesville 2,800 903 173 19.2% not available

Wake Forest 26,150 9,503 2,767 29.1% 15%

Wendell 5,742 2,093 262 12.5% 6%

Zebulon 4,781 3,602 153 4.2% 1%Wake County (unincorporated) 190,000 43,589 11,640 26.7% ‐1%

Overall 864,550 258,683 51,408 19.9% 4%

Source: FY2008 Solid Waste Management Annual Reports.

Waste disposed and tons recycled shown in the table reflects residential waste, and a small amount of commercial waste collected by municipalities.

Jurisdiction

Table 4‐4Waste Disposed and Recycled by Wake County Jurisdictions, FY 2008

2008 PopulationTons of Waste

DisposedTons Recycled

Percentage of Waste Recycled 2008

Change in Percent from 2005


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JurisdictionONP OCC Chip OMG

Junk Mail/ OP

AL Steel Glass PB# 1‐2 PB# 3‐7Other

Apex

Cary6‐pack rings, drink boxes gable‐

top cartons; foil, computers (upon request)

Fuquay‐Varina6‐pack rings, drink boxes gable‐

top cartons; foil

Garnerdrink boxes gable‐top cartons; foil

Holly Springs

Knightdale

Morrisville

Raleigh

6‐pack rings, drink boxes gable‐top cartons; foil; computers (upon request); scrap metal; and corded

items with bulky materials.

Rolesville

Wake Forest6‐pack rings, drink boxes gable‐

top cartons; foilWendell

Zebulon

Wake County

Key:

ONP = Newspaper OCC = Cardboard Chip = Chipboard OMG = Magazines Glass = Glass containers

Junk Mail/OP = Junk mail/office paper Al = Aluminum cans Steel = Steel cans PB#1‐2 = Plastic bottles/jugs #1 and #2

PB#3‐7 = Plastic bottles #3‐7 = Not collected in 2005 but now collected

Service is available through private contractors

Table 4‐5Recyclables Collected through Residential Curbside Recycling Programs

Jurisdiction ONP OCC Chip OMGJunk Mail/

OPAL Steel Glass PB# 1‐2 PB# 3‐7 Other

Number of Sites

Apex Motor oil & electronics 1

CaryAppliances, flower pots, & yard

waste1

Garner 1

RaleighInk/toner cartridges & cell

phones1

Wake Forest 1

Wendell 2

Wake County

Appliances, batteries, computers/electronics, motor oil, & tires at multi material

facilities

13

Key:

ONP = Newspaper OCC = Cardboard Chip = Chipboard OMG = Magazines Glass = Glass containers

Junk Mail/OP = Junk mail/office paper Al = Aluminum cans Steel = Steel cans PB#1‐2 = Plastic bottles/jugs #1 and #2

PB#3‐7 = Plastic bottles #3‐7

Table 4‐6Recyclables Collected through Local Government Sponsored Drop‐Off Sites


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amount of recyclables recovered continues to rise on an annual basis, yard waste generation and recovery shows more variability due to storm events. Overall, approximately 120,000 tons of recyclables and yard waste were diverted from the landfill in each of the past two years through residential programs.

4.3.2 CII Recycling and Reuse Programs Jurisdictional-sponsored recycling programs that serve the CII sector include:

Wake County’s two multi-material recycling facilities accept several types of materials from business, including cardboard, computers, electronics, and scrap metal. The City of Raleigh allows businesses to use its’

seven recycling drop off centers.

The City of Raleigh currently offers free curbside recycling in the CBD. Paper, cardboard, chipboard, glass, and plastic are all accepted. The City has distributed 64-gallon carts and offers collection service four times a week. Over 100 businesses had joined the program as of the end of FY 2008.

Several municipalities allow certain small businesses to

participate in their residential curbside collection program.

Wake County’s “Feed the Bin” program offers recycling and environmental education opportunities to students of the WCPSS at over 150 school sites. The program focuses on paper recycling. During the 2007-2008 school year approximately 1.6 million pounds of mixed

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Tons of Re

cyclables

Figure 4‐1Materials Recovered from Curbside and Drop‐off Recycling Programs

Metals Plastics Glass ONP OCC

Other Paper Electronics Wood Waste White Goods

Some jurisdictions reported only comingled tonnages beginning in 2006, therefore material trends do not reflect actual totals.

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Tons

Figure 4‐2Recyclables and Yard Waste Recovered

Yard Waste Residential Recyclables Total Diverted from Landfill

Recyclables and yard waste amounts are primarily from residential sources.Yard waste does not include that recycled by commercial landscapers.


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paper (12.4 lbs/student) were recycled.

Wake County offers free on-site waste assessments to businesses and assistance in establishing recycling programs. The County also awards Commercial Waste Reduction Grants and Recycling Container Grants for businesses to start or expand their waste reduction and/or recycling program.

CII establishments may participate in recycling by using one or more local haulers or recycling processors. Collection services for conventional recyclables are relatively available for both large and small establishments; however, small establishments are less likely to participate due to cost factors.

North Carolina State University, one of the largest institutions in Wake County, offers a comprehensive group of recycling programs aimed at faculty, staff, students, and visitors. These programs include:

A stadium recycling program called “WE Recycle” which recycled 22.6 tons of beverage containers disposed during 2007 home football games;

A GREEN environmental education program (Generating Residential Environmental Education Now) which encourages recycling by students living in residence hall;

An annual Pack-n-Go Sale and an office supplies giveway which divert recyclable and unwanted

materials from the trash. Proceeds from the sale of this materials supports the campus GREEN program;

North Carolina House Bill (HB) 1518, which became effective January 1, 2008, requires establishments with Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) permits to separate, store, and recycle all

recyclable beverage containers. HB 1465, which becomes effective October 1, 2009, prohibits the disposal of motor oil filters, rigid plastic containers, wooden pallets, and oyster shells in landfills. Businesses that generate these items will need to identify disposal alternatives, or in the case of

wooden pallets, they can place them in a C&D landfill in addition to recycling.

To discourage disposal of corrugated cardboard, waste loads that have more than 10 percent cardboard are required to pay a surcharge bringing the total tipping fee to $60 per ton at the SWLF and ETWS.

A significant opportunity exists to enhance county-wide recycling by increasing participation in the CII sector. Counties that have established mandatory recycling ordinances for businesses, including Mecklenburg, Durham, and Fairfax (Virginia), have reported gains in recycling (see inset on next page).

4.3.3 In-House Recycling Programs In 2008, a consultant hired by Wake County completed a waste composition for County-owned

Since its inception in 2004, more than 4 million pounds of paper have been recycled through the Feed the Bin program.

Raleigh offers curbside recycling collection four days a week for businesses in the CBD. (Photo ‐ City of Raleigh website)


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facilities. The study results indicated that Wake County has an effective government facility recycling program in place, but also revealed opportunities for improvement. Recommendations to improve recycling included: implementing a dual-stream recovery system; providing more education and technical assistance; expanding the materials accepted; right-sizing disposal containers; using competitive procurement for recycling services; and program tracking. Wake County will continue to evaluate recycling options with the goal of enhancing waste reduction from its facilities.

4.3.4 C&D Recycling and Reuse Wake County contracted with Gershman, Brickner, and Brattor (GBB) to assess C&D waste disposal and recycling in Wake County. The assessment, completed in 2008, found that the lack of landfill space is currently not a motivating factor to achieve

increases in C&D recycling. Many local options exist for C&D waste haulers to dispose their material. There is nearly 26 million tons of permitted capacity for C&D available in the area providing more than 50 years of disposal life. The study also noted that any regulatory action by Wake County regarding C&D recycling would lead to increased C&D waste management costs. Due to the variety of different C&D collection systems, transfer/processing plants, and newly licensed disposal sites, the current marketplace is highly competitive with several alternatives, which keeps disposal costs relatively low.

The amount of C&D waste recycled and landfilled is shown in Table 4-7. The amount of C&D waste landfilled has increased steadily in the past four years; however, C&D recycling in Wake County has dropped slightly since 2005.

4.3.5 Intended Actions Table 4-8 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to recycling and reuse. The list of intended actions includes increasing recycling opportunities for under-served sectors (such as multi-family housing units), increasing the types of materials collected, and continuing to evaluate the need for mandatory recycling. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

2003 53,755 316,122

2004 91,374 328,753

2005 99,833 431,615

2006 93,864 467,594

2007 89,403 486,571

Source: 2008 GB&B Wake County C&D Waste Assessment

Table 4‐7C&D Waste Landfilled and Recycled

Fiscal Year Recycled Landfilled

Mandatory Recycling Programs Some counties have improved waste reduction rates by establishing recycling ordinances. Some examples include:

Durham County, NC: In 1997 Durham passed an ordinance making it unlawful to place target recyclables in the garbage. The ordinance applies to all waste generators ‐ residential, commercial, and industrial. Target recyclables currently include: aluminum and steel cans, glass bottles and jars, newspaper, and corrugated cardboard.

Mecklenburg County, NC: Effective in 2002, Mecklenburg County established an ordinance that requires businesses that generate 16 cubic yards or greater of trash per week (with some exceptions) to recycle corrugated cardboard and office paper.

Fairfax County, VA: All non‐residential establish‐ments must recycle mixed paper and cardboard. Establishments that meet certain criteria (e.g., having an annual total waste stream of 100 tons or more) must also recycle metal, used motor oil, glass, aluminum/tin cans, cloth, plastic, clean wood, and yard waste.


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Table 4‐8. Recycling and Reuse ‐ Intended Actions


Apex 1. Consider scrap metal recycling for Town.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Cary 2. Begin to accept chipboard, junk mail, and phone books in curbside program.

3. Consider establishing a porcelain recycling program.

4. Initiate Used Waste Oil Cooking Program (curbside recycling of waste cooking oil).

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Fuquay‐Varina 5. Run an education campaign to recycle, with participation from Recycle America.

6. Consider establishing a mandatory recycling program.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Garner 7.Evaluate use of 65 gallon rollout carts for recycling instead of 18 gallon bins.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Holly Springs 8. Market wood chipping program product as cheap and easy landscaping material.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Morrisville 9. Strengthen ordinance for multi‐family recycling program and requirements.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 10. Study feasibility of collecting cardboard from businesses.

11. Pilot pedestrian recycling containers in portions of Raleigh’s downtown.

12. Expand Recycling in the Parks program to all city parks.

13. Incorporate reused and recycled material into construction of new SWS facility.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake Forest 14. Implement a "swap shop" recycling program.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 15. Partner with municipalities to implement recycling at special events. The State Fair can be used as a guide to demonstrate large event recycling.

16. Continue to evaluate market conditions and demand for C&D materials and reevaluate benefit of C&D recycling ordinance if conditions warrant.

17. Explore recycling alternatives for wooden pallets in lieu of ban 10‐1‐2009 on landfill disposal.

18. Work with WCPSS to institutionalize collection of mixed paper in local schools and to obtain greater involvement of WCPSS schools in recycling.

19. Update the County’s website to increase information available discussing CII recycling options.

20. Re‐assess the number, location, and services to be provided by convenience centers, material recycling facilities, and other current or proposed waste management facilities.

21. Initiate advertisement and promotional programs to capture a greater market share of recyclable materials at convenience centers and multi‐material recycling centers and continue to evaluate recycling market development opportunities.

22. Working with Cary and Fuquay‐Varina, evaluate consolidation of their single stream recycling at the South Wake Transfer Station.

23. Evaluate cardboard scavenging from loads dumped at the East Wake Transfer Station.


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4.4 Composting and Mulching 4.4.1 Current Activities As shown in Table 4-2, all jurisdictions offer curbside yard waste collection on a weekly or every-other-week basis. The amounts collected and processed, the end-use, and the destination of the yard waste is shown in Table 4-9.

Three municipal programs currently process yard waste and offer it back to citizens. Zebulon and Knightdale offer it back free of charge to Town residents. The City of Raleigh offers mulch,

compost, and wood chips for sale to the general public and businesses. Nearly one-half of the total amount of yard waste collected in Wake County is processed by the City of Raleigh and sold back for beneficial reuse.

Wake County continues to consider alternatives for food waste disposal. The 1999 solid waste characterization study indicated that food waste comprised over 12 percent of the total waste stream. Fats, oils, and greases (FOG) are a component of food waste that, when improperly

Table 4‐8 (continued). Recycling and Reuse ‐ Intended Actions


Wake County 24. Evaluate feasibility of re‐directing dry loads (paper, cardboard, plastics) arriving at the South Wake Landfill to the South Wake Transfer Station for recycling.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

All Jurisdictions 25. Consider offering recycling collection services to multi‐family units. Raleigh’s existing multi‐family program can be used as a guide.

Apex 3,952 Landfilled Hwy 55 LCID

Cary 11,703 Composted/Mulched McGill Environmental/Novozymes

Fuquay‐Varina 11,064 Landfilled or to Farmer Bryant Landfill and Farmer

Garner 1,561 Mulched and/or Landfilled Shotwell: Buffaloe

Holly Springs 2,259 Mulched and/or Landfilled Private facility

Knightdale 103 Mulched* and/or Landfilled JD&L and Landfill

Morrisville 189 Landfilled Fogleman Landfill (Durham)

Raleigh 31,924 Composted/Mulched* City Compost Facility

Rolesville not available Composted and/or Landfilled Rowland Landfill/Novozymes

Wake Forest 2,838 Composted and/or Landfilled Rowland Landfill/Novozymes

Wendell 1,147 Farmer 450 Lake Glade Rd

Zebulon 1,200 Mulched* Town Yard Waste Facility

Total 67,940

Source: FY2008 Solid Waste Management Annual Reports

* Mulch is sold (Raleigh) or given to Town residents free of charge (Knightdale and Zebulon).

Table 4‐9Municipal Yard Waste Program Summary, FY 2008

DestinationEnd UseTons ProcessedJurisdiction


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disposed down drains clog sewer lines and cause backups. The Town of Cary recently launched a pilot program that provides curbside pickup of used cooking oil and grease. Residents were given the opportunity to dispose of grease by scheduling a pickup. A minimum half-gallon of oils and grease were required prior to collection. The Town intends to produce bio-fuel from the collected cooking oil and will be used locally as an alternative to petroleum fuels.

Through grants, Wake County has funded several food waste composting programs and will continue to do so to promote food waste composting and reduce the impacts FOG. In 2007, Wake County provided grant funding to Whole Foods to start a food waste collection program and the Inter-Faith Food Shuttle to support a reusable food products program.

4.4.2 Intended Actions Table 4-10 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to composting and mulching. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.5 Incineration 4.5.1 Current Activities In 2002 Wake County evaluated the feasibility of waste-to-energy (WTE) incineration. The assessment determined that while WTE was technically feasible, it would result in significantly higher costs compared to all other existing alternatives. It was also determined that regional cooperation would be necessary to establish a sufficient waste stream.

Table 4‐10. Composting and Mulching ‐ Intended Actions


Cary 1. Continue to ID compost/mulch end‐users and facilities to accept yard waste.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Garner 2. Evaluate the use of Town crews to collect yard waste.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Holly Springs 3. Complete construction of Town mulching facility.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Morrisville 4. Purchase vac‐truck to use for in‐house yard waste program.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 5. Begin offering painted/decorative woodchips for sale at Yard Waste Center.

6. Explore feasibility of offering delivery of yard waste products.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Rolesville 7. Provide more education on composting/mulching opportunities.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake Forest 8. Provide drop‐off facility for composting.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 9. Evaluate locating a biomass facility at the South Wake Landfill or a yard waste transfer and/or processing facility at the South Wake Multi‐Material Recycling Facility or potential “Supercenter” site.

10. Partner with the municipal jurisdictions to educate the public about fats, oils, and greases (FOG) causing sewer blockages and restrictions and promote alternatives to placing the material down the drain.


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In 2004, Wake County further opened the door for the possibility of alternative disposal options, including incineration, when they released a Request for Expressions of Interest for MSW Waste Disposal. No interest from the private sector was identified as only firms interested in managing Wake County’s waste stream through landfilling options responded.

Nevertheless, Wake County continues to consider WTE as a potential method of waste disposal once the SWLF reaches capacity. Because of the potentially long lead time associated with identifying a sufficient waste stream, siting, designing, permitting, negotiating an energy contract, procurement, financing, constructing, and startup testing of a WTE facility, this option deserves thorough consideration well in advance of when it’s actually needed. Current estimates are in the range of five to seven years – and potentially greater, depending a variety of factors. While a WTE plant would most likely not be needed during the next ten year planning period, continued consideration is warranted.

4.5.2 Intended Actions Table 4-11 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to incineration. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the

previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.6 Waste Transfer 4.6.1 Current Activities In FY 2006, approximately 32 percent (340,295 tons) of the MSW disposed in a landfill was first delivered to one of five state-permitted transfer stations operating in Wake County. With the closing of the North Wake Landfill (NWLF) and the opening of the SWLF in 2008, the movement of waste within and out of Wake County has shifted, and the amount of waste transferred has changed.

To facilitate delivery of waste from the northern and eastern parts of Wake County, the City of Raleigh constructed the East Wake Transfer Station (EWTS), which became operational shortly after the opening of the SWLF. Wake County has entered into an inter-local agreement with the City to manage the facility. Calendar year 2008 tonnage reports at the EWTS and SWLF indicate that 50 percent of the waste disposed at the landfill was routed through the ETWS. It is anticipated that fewer tons of municipal waste will be transferred out of the County since Cary’s waste is now sent to the SWLF and not Waste Industries’ regional landfill in Sampson County.

As noted in Table 4-8, Wake County is intending to work with Cary and Fuquay-Varina to evaluate the consolidation of their single stream recycling at the South Wake Transfer Station (SWTS). At the EWTS,

Table 4‐11. Incineration ‐ Intended Actions


Wake County 1. Continue to monitor regional discussions regarding use of waste‐to‐energy and other processing and disposal methods to serve the Triangle region in future years.

2. Investigate lead‐time, permitting issues, economics, and other factors of constructing a waste‐to‐energy facility as a means of disposal after the South Wake Landfill reaches capacity.

Approximately 50 percent of the waste delivered to the SWLF is hauled from the new EWTS located in Raleigh’s east side. (Photo ‐ City of Raleigh website)


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Wake County and the City of Raleigh have received permission from the State to scavenge corrugated cardboard from dry waste loads for recycling.

4.6.2 Intended Actions Table 4-12 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to waste transfer. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.7 Disposal As of January 2008, there were eight permitted and active disposal facilities in Wake County including one MSW landfill, four C&D landfills, and three LCID landfills. Table 4-13 lists these disposal facilities and their locations.

4.7.1 MSW Disposal 2008 marked a transition for in-County MSW waste disposal. The NWLF reached capacity and stopped accepting waste in May of 2008. On February 7, 2008, the SWLF began accepting waste. The SWLF is projected to provide between 20 and 25 years of disposal capacity. It is permitted to only accept waste that is generated from inside Wake County.

The opening of the SWLF marked the culmination of 18 years of siting, planning, designing, permitting, and constructing – interrupted by a thorough re-evaluation of whether development of a new in-county landfill was the best waste disposal alternative for the citizens of Wake County. During the planning and development process, the County partnered with the local

municipal jurisdictions, eventually developing an inter-local agreement (the ILA) establishing the “South Wake Landfill Partnership” and solidifying the landfill development, operation, and use as a joint undertaking. By creating the ILA, the jurisdictions agreed to pool their residential MSW waste streams for disposal at the SWLF in return for improved economy and predictability in waste disposal costs. Eleven of the twelve jurisdictions and Wake County are partners in the ILA. The ILA was later amended to include the EWTS. A copy of the ILA is included in Appendix C.

Figure 4-3 shows the amount of Wake County-generated MSW disposed at in-County, out-of-County, and out-of-State facilities for FY 2000 through 2006, based on County disposal reports provided by the State. At the end of calendar year 2008, Wake County reported 140,762 tons were disposed at the NWLF and 331,073 tons were

Table 4‐12. Waste Transfer ‐ Intended Actions


Cary 1. Test direct hauls to South Wake Landfill and evaluate the possibility of closing the transfer station.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 2. In cooperation with municipalities, evaluate the need for additional transfer stations (or modifications to existing ones) based on waste flow and the location of future waste management sites.

With the opening of the SWLF in 2008, Wake County has secured a long‐term and affordable disposal option for the citizens of Wake County.


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disposed at the SWLF during the year. The total in-County MSW disposal for calendar year 2008 was therefore 471,835 tons.

4.7.2 C&D Disposal There are currently four permitted and active C&D landfills in Wake County and one mixed waste processing (MWP) center. Most of the C&D waste generated in Wake County is either disposed in one of the four in-County C&D landfills or is recycled. Approximately 5 to 7 percent of Wake County-generated C&D waste is disposed in one of three out-of-County C&D landfills.

According to the GBB study completed in early 2008, the annual C&D disposal capacity requirement is estimated to be 470,000 tons per year, assuming the current 16 to 17 percent reuse/recycling rates remain constant. Based on this, the study offered the following conclusions regarding C&D disposal capacity:

If the total In-County C&D capacity was assumed used entirely by Wake County, the 32.2 million tons of projected C&D landfill capacity would last more than 68 years;

If total in-County capacity is used at a 75 percent level by Wake County, the useful life would be 51 years; and

If Wake County C&D recycling increased to 30 percent and Wake County used 75 percent of projected capacity, the useful life, at a nominal 400,000 tons per year of disposal requirement, would be 60 years.

Figure 4-4 shows the amount of C&D waste from Wake County sources that was distinguished from

Waste Permit # Facility Address City

MSW 9222‐MSWLF‐2008 South Wake MSW Landfill 6300 Old Smithfield Road Apex

CD 9226‐CDLF‐2001 Shotwell Landfill, Inc. 4724 Smithfield Road Wendell

CD 9228‐CDLF‐2001 Red Rock Disposal, LLC 7130 New Landfill Drive Holly Springs

CD 9230‐CDLF‐ Hwy 55 C&D Landfill, LLC 5940 Old Smithfield Road Apex

CD 9231‐CDLF‐ Material Recovery/Brownfield Rd 2600 Brownfield Road Raleigh

LCID 92M‐LCID‐ Rowland Demo Landfill 3000 Gresham Lake Road Raleigh

LCID 92N‐LCID‐1986 Currin Brothers Landfill SUNSET LAKE / S.R. 1301 Fuquay‐Varina

LCID 9223TP‐TP‐ Buffalo Wood Recycling Facility 5525 Wake Academy Drive Raleigh

Source: NCDENR facility list by County at http://wastenot.enr.state.nc.us/sw/swfacilitylist.asp

Table 4‐13Permitted Active Disposal Facilities in Wake County

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Tons

Figure 4‐3Tons of Wake County‐Generated MSW Disposed

Wake County LF Out of County Out of State Total


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other MSW and disposed or recycled for FY 2003 through 2007.

4.7.3 LCID Disposal North Carolina solid waste regulations preclude disposal of LCID, including yard waste, in sanitary landfills. Management and disposal options for LCID include processing at compost/yard waste facilities or placement in LCID or C&D landfills. There are currently three permitted and active LCID landfills in Wake County.

As shown in Table 4-9, the municipalities reported collection of 67,940 tons of yard waste in FY 2008. Less than 20 percent of the residential yard waste was landfilled. It is unclear how much yard waste and vegetative matter from site clearing ended up in Wake County LCID landfills since the State does not track this information.

4.7.4 Intended Actions Most of the goals established in the previous Plan Update pertained to partnering to identify and secure a long-term disposal option for the citizens of Wake County. With the opening of the SWLF, these goals have largely been met. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

Table 4-14 lists the new intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to waste disposal. Since sufficient disposal capacity has been secured for at least the next ten years (barring any unforeseen circumstances), the new goals pertain to other facets of disposal such as using new methods and technologies to maximize airspace usage and generating new revenue streams from landfill operations to help control disposal costs.

4.8 Education 4.8.1 Current Activities The Wake County jurisdictions have long understood the importance and impact of solid waste-related education and outreach activities. Recycling, in particular, requires frequent, clear, and concise instructions to effect long-term participation and build familiarity with the ever increasing types of recyclable materials. Table 4-15 depicts the current education activities of the Wake County jurisdictions.

Education for Residents All Wake County jurisdictions use their web sites to convey information regarding basic solid waste services including pickup schedules, procedures, acceptable materials, special waste pickups, fees, and contact information. Approximately half of the jurisdictions offer a more comprehensive selection such as information on reuse, tips on generating less waste, and the location of public and privately operated sites to recycle or dispose special waste items.Wake County has tailored its recycling and solid waste web site to inform residents, businesses, and schools about a variety of solid waste issues. For residents, the County provides information on seasonal recycling opportunities such as the Holiday Wrap-up Recycling Program

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Tons

Figure 4‐4Wake County C&D Waste Disposed

Disposal in‐County Disposal Out‐of‐CountyRecycled Total


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Table 4‐14. Waste Disposal ‐ Intended Actions


Morrisville 1. Develop alternatives for yard waste disposal.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 2. Continue to evaluate long‐term disposal capacity and alternatives in light of variations in waste generation rates.

3. Renegotiate gas rights contract with gas developer at North Wake Landfill.

4. Consider applying for a permit modification to implement leachate recirculation at the NWLF.

5. Evaluate the feasibility of selling credits associated with greenhouse gas destruction at the Feltonsville Landfill.

6. Implement beneficial reuse of methane gas at the SWLF.

7. Consider applying for a permit modification to allow disposal of municipal sludge at the SWLF to increase methane gas production.

8. Consider applying for a permit modification to allow implementation of leachate recirculation and bio‐reactor technology at the SWLF.

9. Evaluate the use of shredder technology at the EWTS and/or SWLF to improve methane gas production and increase the solid waste compaction rate.

10. Consider applying for a permit modification to increase side slopes at the SWLF, thereby increasing disposal capacity.

11. Consider petitioning the State to allow for food waste and yard waste to be added to the closed Feltonsville Landfill to create methane gas and a marketable compost material.

Basic Comprehensive

Apex

Cary

Fuquay‐Varina

Garner

Holly Springs

Knightdale

Morrisville

Raleigh

Rolesville

Wake Forest

Wendell

Zebulon

Wake County

Source: 2008 Annual Reports submitted to NC DENR and information from municipal web sites.

Table 4‐15Education Efforts Undertaken By Wake County Jurisdictions

Recycle Guys

Workshops EventsWebsite

Jurisdiction SchoolRadio/ TV

NewspaperMail/News‐

letter

Take‐Home Items

Hotline


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and the Telephone Book Recycling Program. Through both a print brochure and web site table, the County offers a recycling guide offering facility locations and acceptable material lists. Most municipal jurisdictions have established links to Wake County’s web site as a means of providing a consistent and clear message for disposal and recycling opportunities available to all citizens of the County.

The City of Raleigh has developed a very comprehensive web site offering information to residents about all facets of its solid waste services and programs. In addition to the web site, the City uses a variety of other forms of education. Solid Waste Services staff are available to speak to schools, civic groups, neighborhood associations or Scout troops about solid waste issues. Presentations on recycling, backyard composting and vermicomposting are available. Staff members welcome the opportunity to participate in school science fairs, career days and Earth Day events. In addition, the specialists provide literature or advice to Girl and Boy Scouts working on environmental badges. Eleven of the thirteen jurisdiction mail newsletters or periodically include information on solid waste disposal and recycling in utility bills and seven of thirteen prepare newspaper inserts or advertisements to inform the public about collection schedules and other events.

Education for CII Establishments As discussed under the recycling planning element, Wake County offers free on-site waste assessments to businesses and provides assistance in establishing recycling programs. The County also provides information specifically tailored to businesses on its web site. Some examples of the other CII sector outreach activities conducted by Wake County and/or the municipalities have included:

Formation of special task groups, including the Food Waste Task Group and C&D Task Group, which have helped generators of these specific

wastes become aware of waste reduction methods and alternatives to disposal;

Sponsoring the “Go Green. Save Green” business recycling workshop for local businesses to network and learn how to cut waste and costs;

Educating target groups generating large amounts of old newspapers about recycling opportunities; and

Distributing flyers in Spanish and English on used motor oil recycling to repair shops.

As Wake County does not have an ordinance requiring recycling of certain materials by the CII sector, education and outreach activities geared toward this sector are critical to improve on the overall recycling rate in Wake County.

Education for Schools Education for schools has been delivered through Wake County’s school recycling program, Feed the Bin (FTB). The program includes an environmental stewardship education component to promote waste reduction, recycling, and other desired behaviors. The approach is to use the practical experience of recycling at schools to reinforce the learning of environmental topics, including those that are reflected in Wake County’s Environmental Stewardship Agenda.

The FTB program is executed and promoted through newsletters geared to different grade levels; curriculum workshops held for teachers and administrators; lesson plans, games, and activities offered via the County web site; and a FTB poster as well as other means.

The municipalities of Wake County also recognize the importance of rewarding positive behaviors with regard to recycling, littering, and other aspects at an early age. Several, including Raleigh, Cary, Apex, and Zebulon have also participated in or supported school education programs.


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4.8.2 Intended Actions Table 4-16 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to education and outreach. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.9 Special Wastes 4.9.1 Current Activities Special waste management focuses on items that are problematic to dispose and or not suitable for landfill disposal. They include household hazardous waste (HHW), white goods, tires, used motor oil, antifreeze, lead acid batteries, and electronics (e-waste).

Table 4‐16. Education and Outreach ‐ Intended Actions


Apex 1.Establish a designated person to manage and implement education and outreach.

2. Develop a Green Zone area to be integrated with the annual PeakFest.

3. Provide nature park expansion and class.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Cary 4. Improve and expand information available on the Town’s web site.

5. Focus education efforts on low participation areas (for recycling).

6. Conduct a waste characterization and provide results to Town residents.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Fuquay‐Varina 7. Run a recycling education campaign with participation from Recycle America.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Garner 8. Educate public about waste reduction on the planned local access channel.

9. Educate public about automated collection, should the Town switch to that method.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Holly Springs 10. Work with Waste Industries to create insert fliers for resident utility bills in an effort to remind citizens what types of materials can be recycled and the benefits of participating.

11. Post website announcements of upcoming events like household hazardous waste collection days at the SWLF.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Morrisville 12. Participate with League of Municipalities Green Program.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 13. Work with Curbside Value Partnership, local colleges and other partners to target recycling education to low‐participation areas.

14. Produce quarterly programming for local public‐access station, beginning January 2009.

15. Redesign website as part of citywide shift to web portal.

16. Update all print publications.

17. Design exhibits and programming for the new Solid Waste Services facility.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 18. Use various means to educate the public about Wake County facilities that can be used to dispose or recycle special wastes (including household hazardous waste), recyclable materials, and other waste types.


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Household Hazardous Waste HHW is currently accepted at the County’s two multi-materials recycling facilities twice a month (one Saturday per month, per facility). Ecoflow, Inc., a hazardous waste management firm, is under contract to accept, remove, and dispose of the HHW. During FY 2008, Wake County collected 471 tons of HHW at a cost of $444,540. Materials accepted include: acids/bases, batteries, cooking oil, drain openers, dry chemical fire extinguishers, fluorescent bulbs, paints, solvents, pesticides/herbicides, mercury thermometers, and others.

In 2008, Wake County conducted a pilot study to determine if extending the number of days per month for HHW collection would increase participation and the amount of HHW collected. Each Saturday during November and December, HHW was accepted at both the multi-material recycling facilities. Following completion of the pilot, the data revealed a 117 percent increase in participation of customers at both facilities, when compared to the same period of the prior year. More significantly, the amount of HHW collected during the pilot program increased by 142 percent and the pounds collected per participant increased by 11 percent. Wake County will weigh this data with the associated cost to increase HHW collection services prior to making a decision regarding expansion of the HHW collection program.

White Goods All of Wake County’s municipalities offer white goods collection either directly or through their contracted hauler. Four provide this service on a weekly basis while the rest offer by-request service

and/or special seasonal collection events. Five of seven charge a special fee for by-request collection.

During FY 2008, Wake County was able to recover 1,130 tons of white goods that were brought to its multi-material recycling facilities by the jurisdictions, their contract haulers, and others.

Tires Wake County accepts waste tires from all County residents at the multi-material recycling facilities. There is no fee for passenger car or lightweight truck tires generated in-state. CII-generators can deliver up to five waste tires to the facilities if they provide a tire identification number and certification form. During FY 2008, 13,180 tons of tires were collected at a cost of $885,962. Most of this amount was reimbursed by the State. Tires delivered to the multi-material recycling facility were disposed at the Central Carolina Tire Monofill in Cameron, North Carolina.

Several municipalities offer curbside collection of a limited number of tires during special cleanup events.

Used Motor Oil and Antifreeze Used motor oil and antifreeze are accepted at the multi-material recycling facilities and during the HHW collection events. During FY 2008, 25,223 gallons of used oil and 500 gallons of antifreeze were accepted by Wake County. Several municipalities also offer used oil drop-off or special collection services. Apex residents may dispose of up to 2 gallons of used oil per week at the Apex Public Works Department. Cary residents may request curbside pickup for up to five gallons. Both services are offered free of charge. During FY 2008,

Wake County’s two multi‐material recycling facilities offer residents and businesses the opportunity to safely dispose of a variety of special wastes including electronics, used motor oil, lead‐acid batteries, tires, and household hazardous waste.


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Apex collected 2,115 gallons of oil from residents and Cary collected 1,820 gallons.

Batteries Lead-acid batteries are accepted at the multi-material recycling facilities and during the HHW collection events. During FY 2008, 1,752 lead-acid batteries were accepted by Wake County. The City of Raleigh’s "Charge Up to Recycle" program allows residents to drop off rechargeable batteries for recycling at any of the City’s twenty-seven fire stations and several administrative offices.

e-Waste Collection, disposal, and recycling of electronics such as computers and televisions is discussed in

Section 4.13.

4.9.2 Intended Actions Table 4-17 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to management of special wastes. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.10 Illegal Disposal/Litter 4.10.1 Current Activities Curbside solid waste services are available to 78 percent of Wake County’s residents. The other 22 percent have access to the 11 convenience centers and 2 multi-material recycling facilities to drop-off

Table 4‐17. Special Wastes ‐ Intended Actions


Cary 1. Offer a twice a year HHW/special waste drop‐off event.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Holly Springs 2. Post website announcements of upcoming events like HHW collection days at the SWLF.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Knightdale 3. Expand the HHW services offered to citizens.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Morrisville 4. Considering a program to pickup HHW (oil specifically).

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 5. Support Wake County‐led effort to educate residents about proper disposal of pharmaceuticals.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Rolesville 6. Promote special waste management options.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake Forest 7. Provide a drop‐off site for oil.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 8. Reevaluate services to be provided by convenience centers, including collection of additional types of special wastes.

9. Evaluate alternative recycle and disposal options for used tires.

10. Collect anti‐freeze and used oil from General Services Administration (GSA) fleet.

11. Collect surplus computers and monitors from GSA and Information Services Department.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

All Jurisdictions 12. Consider feasibility of adding curbside collection of additional special wastes, either directly or through contract negotiations.

13. Promote and maximize special wastes that are already collected.


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refuse, recyclables, and special wastes. Together, the curbside and drop-off opportunities help reduce the amount of illegal dumping and littering in the County.

Unfortunately, litter and illegal dumping still occurs and in response, the local jurisdictions have taken actions to better understand and prevent these activities from recurring and have initiated efforts to clean-up after they occur. Some the current programs addressing litter and illegal dumping include:

NC DOT Adopt-A-Highway

NC DOT Litter Sweep

NC DOC Inmate Crews

NC DOC Maintenance Crews

Neuse River Cleanup

North Carolina Big Sweep

Wake County Solid Waste Facility Contracts

Within Wake County, NC DOT collects litter from 811 miles of roads and NC DOC collects from 183 miles (with 91 overlapping miles).

Wake County recently reassessed it’s Roadside Litter Program and developed recommendations covering potential (1) evaluation, (2) outreach, (3) infrastructure, (4) enforcement, and (4) clean-up activities. Some of these recommendations are listed below.

Evaluation. Tracking clean-up program tonnages, conducting a community attitude survey, and establishing a litter index to track how quickly litter accumulates and overall progress toward reducing litter.

Outreach. Developing a social marketing campaign targeting roadside litter and expanding anti-litter education in the public schools.

Infrastructure. Placing anti-litter signs along highways and heavily littered roads and installing disposal containers in parking lots, drive through restaurants and designated smoking areas.

Enforcement. Conduct workshops for law enforcement officers to review litter statutes and discuss successful enforcement cases; develop an incentive based enforcement program similar to the “Click it or Ticket” program utilized by the State Highway Patrol; increase enforcement by Environment Services Staff working at the SWLF scalehouse and conduct annual inspections of hauler vehicles; and create an environmental court to address non-compliance with general environmental codes

Clean-up. Improve the Adopt-A-Highway Program; Launch a public school volunteer cleanup program; and utilize the community services work program to establish litter pickup events.

Wake County intends to review and implement many of these recommendations as part of its’ “Don’t Leave Litter in Your Wake!” anti-littering campaign.

The City of Raleigh and certain other municipalities also support and offer litter prevention, reduction, and clean-up programs. The City’s “Don’t Trash Raleigh” program encourages members of civic clubs, churches, businesses, schools or any group or individual to collect litter along the City’s rights-of-way and parks. By registering their litter collection effort with the City, groups are presented with a “Raleigh Good Guys” certificate at a city council meeting. The anti-litter campaign also is the city’s effort to remind or re-educate citizens to be personal “good guys” by disposing of their trash properly, discouraging others from littering and picking-up and properly disposing of others’ litter, either as a part of an organizational effort or as an individual.


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Many municipalities, including Cary and Morrisville, support, promote and organize groups to participate in the North Carolina Big Sweep events and other seasonal or annual events. Committees, such as Morrisville’s Community Appearance Committee routinely tackle litter issues.

4.10.2 Intended Actions Table 4-18 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to illegal disposal and litter. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.11 Purchasing Recycled Products 4.11.1 Current Activities As the Town of Cary web site suggests, “If you

aren’t buying recycled, you really aren’t recycling”. Many of the local governments in Wake County adopted this philosophy and have established programs or policies encouraging or requiring government agencies to purchase recycled products. Jurisdictions with programs or policies in place include Cary, Garner, Morrisville, Raleigh, Wendell, Zebulon, and Wake County. Several examples include:

The Town of Cary has developed a web page promoting recycled products purchasing. The web page discusses the important of buying recycled products, dispels common myths about the quality and cost of recycled products, and provides links to lists of companies that offer recycled products for sale.

In 2003, the City of Raleigh established a management policy emphasizing the purchase

Table 4‐18. Illegal Disposal/Litter ‐ Intended Actions


Apex 1. Participate in Gov's State‐wide Litter Sweep (bi‐annual).

2. Support the Adopt‐a‐Site Program (a Town Council Initiative).

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Garner 3. Hold two bi‐annual litter sweeps in conjunction with Governor’s Litter Proclamation and Big Sweep waterway clean‐up.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Holly Springs 4. Continue promoting a twice a year litter clean‐up day.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Knightdale 5. Offer more education about litter and enhancing the community appearance.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Morrisville 6. Offer public education for the Adopt‐A‐Road program.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 7. Work with Community Services Department to implement a volunteer‐based Adopt‐a‐Street program for high‐litter areas.

8. Work with city‐wide enterprise resource‐planning process to try and recover costs associated with illegal dumping cleanup.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake Forest 9. Continue to expand education; use bill stuffers. ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 10. Implement the “Don’t Leave Litter in Your Wake!” anti‐littering campaign.


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of recycled products by City departments and their staff. More recently, they have proposed in the latest Comprehensive Plan Update to “enact a Sustainable Purchasing Policy for the City of Raleigh and its contractors; expand on current policy by including specific goals for toxic pollution reduction, recycled content products, energy and water savings, green building construction and renovation, landscaping, forest conservation, and agricultural bio-based products.”

As far back as 1992, the Board of County Commissioners developed a resolution establishing a recycled materials procurement policy.

4.11.2 Intended Actions Table 4-19 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to purchasing recycled products. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.12 Disaster Response 4.12.1 Current Activities Most of the jurisdictions in Wake County have developed disaster response plans which include provisions for dealing with disaster-generated debris. A summary of the local governments planning efforts is provided in Appendix E.

Wake County is in the process of updating its’ disaster response plan to take advantage of a Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) pilot program that enhances the normal reimbursement allowed under the Public Assistance (PA) Program. The enhancements include:

Grants can be provided on the basis of estimates;

The federal cost-share of 75 percent can be increased to 80 percent to those agencies having a FEMA-approved debris management plan and at least two pre-qualified debris and wreckage removal contractors identified prior to a disaster.

Applicants may retain any revenue from the sale of disaster debris for recycling; and

Regular time salaries can be reimbursed as well as overtime salaries for debris-related activities. Under the regular PA program, regular salaries are not allowed for reimbursement.

To comply with this pilot program Wake County is finalizing its revised disaster response/debris management plan and will seek FEMA approval of the plan. The County has established pre-positioning contracts with an engineering firm for monitoring debris management and three debris management contractors for debris collection, hauling, and processing. The contracts are currently re-bid every three years.

Wake County has also selected six temporary debris reduction and storage (TDSR) sites for use should the need arise. The County has received NC DENRs approval to use five of the sites, and has received conditional approval on the sixth site, which is the NWLF borrow area. Should a disaster generating event occur, Wake County will use these sites to manage debris collected from non-State roads in the unincorporated areas of the County. NC DOT has also indicated their desire to use these sites for debris collected from State maintained roads.

Table 4‐19. Purchasing Recycled Products ‐ Intended Actions


Wake Forest 1. Add information on Town website to promote recycled products purchasing.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 2. Incorporate buy‐recycled principles into new city‐wide Sustainability Policy.


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Several of the municipalities have identified locations within their City/Town limits that can serve as TDSR sites. Several municipalities have also made arrangements with private haulers and/or partnerships (mutual-aid contracts) with other Towns to help manage disaster debris.

Four municipalities indicated that they have received FEMA-approval for their disaster response plans. Two municipalities have recently updated their plans and are in the process of receiving FEMA approval.

4.12.2 Intended Actions Table 4-20 lists the intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to disaster response. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

4.13 Collection of Discarded Electronics 4.13.1 Current Activities Wake County will accept nearly any piece of electronics equipment with a cord at the two multi-material recycling facilities. During FY 2008, 603 tons of e-waste were dropped off by residents and businesses. The City of Raleigh, in partnership with Wake County, collects old computers from Raleigh residents for recycling. There is no fee for the service.

House Bill 819 amends the requirements governing management of discarded computer equipment to include management for discarded televisions and makes other changes. The bill becomes effective January 1, 2010. It stipulates that each discarded computer equipment and television collector shall ensure that discarded equipment is properly stored, and either held for pickup by a manufacturer or delivered to a facility designated

Table 4‐20. Disaster Response ‐ Intended Actions


Apex 1. Finalize Debris Management Plan and obtain approval from FEMA.

2. Locate addition debris management sites.

3. Evaluate properties for consideration as temporary debris storage and reduction sites for compliance with the Debris Management Plan.

4. Finalize standby contracts with debris management and monitoring firms.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Garner 5. Develop a Disaster Debris Disposal Plan.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Holly Springs 6. Finalize the Town's Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Update and receive approval from FEMA.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Knightdale 7. Finalize standby contract with debris management firm.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Morrisville 8. Run real‐time simulations of following the Disaster Response Plan.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 9. Update disaster response/debris management plan as necessary.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Rolesville and 10. Locate addition debris management sites. Wake Forest


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by a manufacturer. Wake County’s drop-off area for electronics meets this requirement.

4.13.2 Intended Actions There are no specific intended actions established by Wake County governments that are specific to the collection of discarded electronics.

4.14 Management of Abandoned Manufactured Homes House Bill 1134, which becomes effective July 1, 2009, encourages counties to develop plans that provide for the deconstruction of abandoned manufactured homes and the removal of reusable or recyclable components. The bill requires that each county consider whether to implement a program for the management of abandoned manufactured homes. Counties that decide not to implement a program must state in their Solid Waste Management Plan Update that they considered a program but decided against implementing one. Wake County has determined that abandoned manufactured homes are currently not a significant threat to public health and the environment in Wake County, and therefore has chosen not to develop a plan at this time. The County will continue to evaluate this decision, and if conditions warrant, develop a written plan and include it as a component of the next Solid Waste Management Plan Update.

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Section 5 Program Costs and Financing

he stated goals of the previous Solid Waste Management Plan Update included utilization of full cost accounting practices

for identifying program costs and formalizing agreements for long-term disposal costs at the new SWLF. While the goals related to the SWLF have been achieved, the utilization of full cost accounting is still evolving.

5.1 Description and Assessment of Costs and Funding Mechanisms As described in Section 4, each jurisdiction provides a variety of solid waste services, some of which are self performed while others are contracted to private haulers. The following paragraphs and tables provide a comparison of costs per household for each program and residential user fees. In addition, a cost comparison of current residential collection services contracts is provided.

5.1.1 Program Costs and Residential User Fees Table 5-1 describes annual costs per household of solid waste collection and disposal, reduction, reuse and recycling, and mulch/compost programs where they exist. The primary source of data was the FY 2007-08 Solid Waste Management Annual Reports in addition to input from local jurisdiction staff.

It should be noted that each program’s operation practices and costs are unique depending on the types of services they provide, how the service is delivered, and how costs are grouped/reported on the State’s forms. Also, collection contract costs may include limited service to commercial entities which may artificially raise unit costs. Therefore, caution should be exercised when comparing these costs.

Table 5-1 shows that the program cost and fees are widely variable across the jurisdictions. The overall program cost per household ranges from $132.68 (for Knightdale) to $242.20 (for Wendell). Evaluating the data further, there also does not appear to be any clear economies of scale to be achieved by the current service delivery model. Ten of the twelve local jurisdictions charge a user fee for service (excluding Wake County), while half of these jurisdictions charge a fee equal to or greater than the household cost of service. Two of the jurisdictions fund the program through property taxes while Wake County charges an availability charge to its residents for use of the convenience centers.

5.1.2 Comparison of Contract Services Costs In addition to program costs per household, a comparison of local contract services costs was also prepared for this Plan Update. Table 5-2 provides a summary of the data collected for all municipalities that contract their solid waste services. Per household charges are provided for garbage collection, recycling, and yard waste where applicable.

Of the 12 municipal jurisdictions, only three self-perform all of their solid waste services. The remaining nine jurisdictions contract service to either Waste Industries (seven) or Republic (two). In general, monthly per residence charges for weekly garbage collection is uniform, with a range of approximately $8 to $10 per month and an average of approximately $9. Recycling charges have more variability, ranging from approximately $2 to a high of nearly $5 per residence per month. The average charge is $3.23.

Disposal costs (i.e. tipping fees), are a significant component of the overall cost of solid waste services. Disposal costs remain low in Wake County, compared to other areas of the State, as a

T


5-2 A

sec_5 draft.doc

Table 5‐1

Wake Co

unty Plan Jurisdiction

s' Solid W

aste M

anagem

ent Pe

r‐Hou

seho

ld Program

Costs and

User Fees

(Rep

orted for FY

200

7‐08

)

Summary Prog

ram Cost

User Fees

Mun

icipality

Collection an

d Dispo

sal

($/H

H/YR)

Redu

ction, Reu

se and

Re

cycling

($/H

H/YR)

Mulching, Com

posting

and Other Program

s($/H

H/YR)

Overall Program

Cost

($)

Num

ber of

Hou

seho

lds

Overall Program Cost

per Hou

seho

ld($/H

H/YR)

Regu

lar Re

side

ntial

User Fees

($/H

H/YR)

Ape

x$132.18

$24.43

$40.94

$2,168,428

10,898

$198.97

$167.64

Cary

$104.24

$28.58

$28.63

$6,216,106

38,500

$161.46

$168.00

Fuqu

ay Varina

$139

.20

$31.80

‐‐‐

$926,132

5,72

8$161.69

$171.00

Garne

r3$109.82

$22.76

$56.79

$1,578,944

8,40

3$187.90

‐‐‐

Holly Springs

1$97.80

$39.00

$12.00

$1,060,646

7,12

8$148.80

$153.60

Knightdale

$105.70

$26.93

‐‐‐

$421,925

3,18

0$132.68

$132.63

Morrisville3

$103.53

$53.25

$38.50

$736,604

3,77

4$195.18

‐‐‐

Raleigh

$92.37

$36.01

$9.34

$22,317,646

162,040

$137.73

$123.60

Rolesville1

,2$153.27

‐‐‐

‐‐‐

$173,353

1,13

1$153.27

$165.00

Wake Forest

2$105.00

$39.00

$31.20

$1,185,408

8,23

2$144.00

$175.20

Wen

dell

$103.53

$27.12

$109.32

$446,369

1,84

3$242.20

$240.00

Zebu

lon2

$124.17

$27.26

$18.92

$274,098

1,60

9$170.35

$186.00

Wake Co

unty

4$11.04

$8.69

‐‐‐

$6,728,111

347,137

$19.38

$20.00

Notes:

1. Rep

resents total hou

seho

ld cost for all services. Co

st breakdo

wn was not provide

d on

Ann

ual Report

2. The

Tow

ns of R

olesville, Zeb

ulon

and

Wake Forest also provide services to

som

e commercial entities und

er th

eir con

tracts.

3. All solid waste services are paid th

rough prop

erty ta

xes. Thu

s, no reside

ntial user fee

is provided.

4. W

ake Co

unty charges a $20

availability charge to

reside

ntial customers for u

se of the

con

venien

ce cen

ters.

Service Co

st per Hou

seho

ld


A 5-3

sec_5 draft.doc

result of a SWLF tipping fee that is among the lowest 25 percent in the State (see Figure 5-1).

The jurisdictions that joined the SWLF Partnership share excess revenue that is generated from tipping fees at the SWLF. The current SWLF financial model predicts excess revenue when annual tonnage is in excess of approximately 350,000 (this threshold increases annually). The excess revenue is returned to the partners and used to fund existing and future solid waste programs.

5.2 Intended Actions The intended actions established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to program costs and financing are provided in Table 5-3. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

Municipality

Weekly Garbage Collection

Weekly Recycling Collection

Bi‐Weekly Recycling Collection

Weekly Yard Waste Collection

Bi‐Weekly Yard Waste

Collection Service Provider

Apex $9.13 $2.16 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Waste Industries

Garner $8.01 ‐ $1.90 $4.62 ‐ Republic

Holly Springs $8.15 $3.25 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Waste Industries

Knightdale $9.95 $3.54 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Waste Industries

Morrisville $10.11 $4.80 ‐ ‐ $1.29 Waste Industries

Rolesville $8.66 $3.27 ‐ Wake Forest ‐ Waste Industries

Wake Forest $9.97 $3.25 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Republic

Wendell $8.63 $2.26 ‐ ‐ Self Perform Waste Industries

Zebulon $9.29 $3.54 ‐ Self Perform ‐ Waste Industries

Cary ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ All Self Performed

Fuquay‐Varina ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ All Self Performed

Raleigh ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ All Self Performed

Average: $9.10 $3.26Low: $8.01 $2.16High: $10.11 $4.80

Monthly Charge per Residence:

Comparison of Solid Waste Contracted Services Costs ‐ Wake County Local GovernmentsTable 5‐2


5-4 A

sec_5 draft.doc

Table 5‐3. Program Costs and Financing ‐ Intended Actions


Cary 1. Annually review Solid Waste rate to ensure a 75 percent cost recovery.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Fuquay‐Varina 2. Purchase new equipment to help provide efficient service.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 3. Seek grant funding to support existing and new initiatives.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 4. Revise SWLF schedule of rates, fees, and charges that reflect the actual cost of service associated with management of special wastes received such as mattresses, bulky wastes, and non‐organic materials.

5. Identify potential opportunities to reduce or control costs and increase revenue associated with solid waste disposal and recycling services for Wake County buildings.

6. Evaluate establishment of a C&D charge at the convenience centers to discourage C&D drop‐off and reduce the amount of C&D waste sent to the SWLF (while promoting private C&D landfills as the preferred disposal option).

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

$40

$45

$50

Uwharrie Regional

Wayne

Co.

Gaston Co

.

Rowan

Co.

City of A

lbem

arle

Cleveland Co

.

South Wake LF

Catawba

Co.

Cumberland Co

.

Mecklenburg Co.

Davidson Co

.

Lincoln Co

.

WI ‐Sampson

Co.

Robeson Co

.

Iredell Co.

Upper Piedm

ont Re

gional

Johnston

Co.

Hanes M

ill Rd.

Foothills Environmental

CRSW

MA Re

gional

Lenoir Co.

City of H

igh Point

Austin Quarter

Wilkes Co.

Rockingham

Co.

Buncom

be Co.

Cherokee

Co.

City of G

reensboro

Surry Co

.

Haywood Co

.

East Carolina Re

gional

Onslow Co.

BFI‐C

harlotte M

otor Sp.

Cham

bers Development

Transylvania Co.

New

Hanover Co.

Orange Co

.

Macon

Co.

Ashe

Co.

Figure 5‐1North Carolina MSW Landfill Tipping Fees at End of FY 2006* ($/ton)

* Tip fee for the SWLF was $30/ton at the end of FY 2008.

A 6-1

sec_6 draft.docx

Section 6 Program Management and Administration

ince the last Plan Update was prepared, Wake County and the municipal jurisdictions have worked collaboratively to

identify, evaluate, and develop a long-term waste disposal solution to exclusively serve the residents and businesses of Wake County. Through this effort, the South Wake Landfill Partnership was developed. By joining the Partnership, the participating local governments have agreed to share in the responsibilities and benefits of maintaining the SWLF as the primary long-term MSW disposal option. The partnership has effectively strengthened the cooperation among municipalities with regard to solid waste management and planning.

In making the decision to develop a publicly-owned solid waste disposal facility, the partners have assumed greater control and flexibility in creating and using revenue from tipping fees to fund their solid waste programs. The partners will continually need to evaluate SWLF tipping fees to ensure adequate waste amounts (which lower overall costs) while at the same time, preserving landfill airspace and the duration for which the facility can accept waste. As noted in the disposal element, Wake County is evaluating innovative approaches that would allow for acceptance of more waste while maintaining the long-term viability of the landfill.

The Solid Waste Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) comprised of solid waste program managers from all 13 jurisdictions continues to meet on a routine basis to share information about their programs, address needs, discuss changes in markets and regulations, and identify opportunities. The Managers Committee and its’ supporting TAC, which collectively form the Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SWAC), have established a strong track record of collaboration and consensus building with regard to solid waste management in Wake County. At the same time, it

is understood that the various jurisdictions do not share all of the same goals and expectations. Individual effort by each jurisdiction is necessary to achieve both the shared and uncommon goals. It is up to each jurisdiction participating in this planning process to undertake work to realize these goals.

Each jurisdiction also has the responsibility of building and maintaining institutional capacity of their solid waste program and supporting the development of staff knowledge and understanding. This can be accomplished by encouraging and funding staff participation in local, State, regional, and national conferences, seminars, and training opportunities such as those offered by the Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA).

The intended actions collectively established by the jurisdictions of Wake County to meet their goals pertaining to program management and administration are listed in Table 6-1. A summary of progress made toward actions specified in the previous Plan Update is included in Appendix D.

S

Section 6 Program Management and Administration

6-2 A

sec_6 draft.docx

Table 6‐1. Program Management and Administration ‐ Intended Actions


Holly Springs 1.Consider hiring a part‐time recycling specialist.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Knightdale 2. Implement more electronic systems for work orders

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Raleigh 3. Develop and implement an apprenticeship program.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake Forest 4. Consider implementing a solid waste (or similar) advisory committee.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Wake County 5.When establishing new service contracts for Wake County buildings and WCPSS, require waste to be delivered to Wake County solid waste facilities and include quantities in rebate calculations for the SWLF partnership.

6. Modify service delivery for the convenience centers and multi‐material recycling facilities by executing separate contracts for facility operation, material hauling, and recycling material processing.

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

All Jurisdictions 7. Periodically evaluate costs versus benefits of the activities and services provided under each solid waste management program element.

8. Evaluate existing private sector relationships and explore opportunities for cooperative contracting, as well as additional public/private partnership opportunities.

9. Provide for employee training and education, as needed, to keep pace with job requirements and improvements in solid waste management systems.

Appendix A

Local Government Resolutions Adopting the Plan


Appendix B

Notices of Opportunity for Public Comment and Meetings



Appendix C

South Wake Landfill Interlocal Agreement



Appendix D

Progress Summary – Intended Actions

This Progress Summary was prepared in lieu of completion of the Intended Actions sheets. It provides a concise summary of progress made toward previous intended actions. Refer to Sections 4, 5, and 6 for information regarding intended actions for the next ten year planning period.


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ility

toco

llect

juris

dict

ions

as

good

s an

d re

cycl

able

s w

hen

desi

gnin

g ne

w tr

ansf

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tatio

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r In

pro

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e C

ount

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d op

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valu

atin

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ssib

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to c

olle

ct

recy

clab

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icab

le)

gy

gg

upgr

adin

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istin

g on

es.

pg

recy

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le c

ardb

oard

.pp

)pg

gg

Wak

e C

ount

yIn

coo

pera

tion

with

Wak

e m

unic

ipal

ities

, eva

luat

e th

e ne

ed fo

r add

ition

al

Thi

tiit

lih

dth

hth

bild

ift

hE

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e C

ount

yIn

coo

pera

tion

with

Wak

e m

unic

ipal

ities

, eva

luat

e th

e ne

ed fo

r add

ition

al

trans

fers

tatio

nsba

sed

onw

aste

flow

and

the

loca

tion

offu

ture

was

teTh

is a

ctio

n ite

m w

as a

ccom

plis

hed

thro

ugh

the

build

ing

of th

e E

ast W

ake

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sfer

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tti

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itilt

ft

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tb

lt

dtra

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r sta

tions

bas

ed o

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aste

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loca

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te

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site

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rivat

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optio

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tatio

n. T

he n

eed

for a

dditi

onal

tran

sfer

sta

tions

con

tinue

s to

be

eval

uate

d.di

spos

al s

ites.

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side

r priv

atiz

atio

n op

tions

.

Juris

dict

ion

Inte

nded

Act

ion

- Inc

iner

atio

nIm

plem

ente

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omm

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Juris

dict

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Inte

nded

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ion

Inci

nera

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Impl

emen

ted

Act

ions

Com

men

ts

Wak

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ount

yC

ontin

ue to

mon

itor r

egio

nal d

iscu

ssio

ns re

gard

ing

use

of w

aste

-to-

Long

-Ter

min

-Cou

nty

disp

osal

capa

city

has

been

secu

red;

how

ever

Cou

nty

will

yg

gg

ener

gy (W

TE) a

nd o

ther

pro

cess

ing

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disp

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met

hods

to s

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the

In p

rogr

ess

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m in

-Cou

nty

disp

osal

cap

acity

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bee

n se

cure

d; h

owev

er, C

ount

y w

ill

cont

inue

topa

rtici

pate

inre

gion

aldi

scus

sion

sof

WTE

viab

ility

ener

gy (W

TE) a

nd o

ther

pro

cess

ing

and

disp

osal

met

hods

to s

erve

the

Tria

ngle

regi

on in

futu

re y

ears

.In

pro

gres

sco

ntin

ue to

par

ticip

ate

in re

gion

al d

iscu

ssio

ns o

f WTE

via

bilit

y.Tr

iang

le re

gion

in fu

ture

yea

rs.

Wak

eC

ount

yC

onsi

dere

cono

mic

ally

viab

leop

portu

nitie

sev

ery

thre

eye

ars

for

CC

Wak

e C

ount

yC

onsi

der e

cono

mic

ally

via

ble

oppo

rtuni

ties

ever

y th

ree

year

s fo

r in

cine

ratio

nas

wel

las

othe

rdis

posa

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ives

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prog

ress

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m in

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nty

disp

osal

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acity

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n se

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d; h

owev

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ount

y w

ill

inci

nera

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as w

ell a

s ot

her d

ispo

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ltern

ativ

es th

at a

rise

in th

e fu

ture

, in

clud

ing

oppo

rtuni

ties

invo

lvin

gre

gion

alco

oper

atio

nIn

pro

gres

sg

yp

py

yco

ntin

ue to

par

ticip

ate

in re

gion

al d

iscu

ssio

ns o

f WTE

via

bilit

y.in

clud

ing

oppo

rtuni

ties

invo

lvin

g re

gion

al c

oope

ratio

n.p

pg

y

App

endi

x D

Pro

gres

s S

umm

ary

of In

tend

ed A

ctio

ns

Juris

dict

ion

Inte

nded

Act

ion

Was

teD

ispo

sal

Impl

emen

ted

Act

ions

Com

men

tsJu

risdi

ctio

nIn

tend

ed A

ctio

n - W

aste

Dis

posa

lIm

plem

ente

d A

ctio

nsC

omm

ents

All

Juris

dict

ions

Dev

elop

prim

ary

asw

ella

sba

ckup

was

tedi

spos

alpl

ans

toen

sure

long

-O

peni

ngof

the

SW

LFha

sen

sure

dlo

ng-te

rmca

paci

tyne

eds

will

bem

etB

ack-

upA

ll Ju

risdi

ctio

nsD

evel

op p

rimar

y as

wel

l as

back

up

was

te d

ispo

sal p

lans

to e

nsur

e lo

ng-

term

capa

city

need

sw

illbe

met

Ope

ning

of t

he S

WLF

has

ens

ured

long

-term

cap

acity

nee

ds w

ill b

e m

et. B

ack-

up

disp

osal

plan

sco

ntin

ueto

evol

vete

rm c

apac

ity n

eeds

will

be

met

.di

spos

al p

lans

con

tinue

to e

volv

e.A

llJu

risdi

ctio

nsA

ll Ju

risdi

ctio

nsP

artic

ipat

e in

dis

cuss

ions

with

Cou

nty

staf

f aim

ed a

t dev

elop

ing

Par

ticip

ate

in d

iscu

ssio

ns w

ith C

ount

y st

aff a

imed

at d

evel

opin

g m

utua

llyag

reea

ble

long

term

cont

ract

/par

tner

ship

term

spe

rtain

ing

toTh

isac

tion

was

acco

mpl

ishe

d.m

utua

lly a

gree

able

long

term

con

tract

/par

tner

ship

term

s pe

rtain

ing

to

was

tedi

spos

alan

dpo

tent

ially

othe

rser

vice

spr

ovid

edby

the

Cou

nty

This

act

ion

was

acc

ompl

ishe

d.w

aste

dis

posa

l and

pot

entia

lly o

ther

ser

vice

s pr

ovid

ed b

y th

e C

ount

y.

All

Juris

dict

ions

Dev

elop

und

erst

andi

ng o

f was

te to

nnag

e co

mm

itmen

ts fo

r Sou

th W

ake

This

actio

nw

asac

com

plis

hed

All

Juris

dict

ions

Dev

elop

und

erst

andi

ng o

f was

te to

nnag

e co

mm

itmen

ts fo

r Sou

th W

ake

land

fill,

tode

term

ine

itsfe

asib

ility

.Th

is a

ctio

n w

as a

ccom

plis

hed.

land

fill,

to d

eter

min

e its

feas

ibili

ty.

All

Juris

dict

ions

Upd

ate

proj

ectio

ns re

gard

ing

long

term

dis

posa

l cap

acity

requ

irem

ents

Th

isac

tion

was

acco

mpl

ishe

dA

ll Ju

risdi

ctio

nsp

pj

gg

gp

py

qan

d ad

just

pla

ns a

s ne

eded

to m

aint

ain

secu

re lo

ng-te

rm c

apac

ity.

This

act

ion

was

acc

ompl

ishe

d.an

d ad

just

pla

ns a

s ne

eded

to m

aint

ain

secu

re lo

ngte

rm c

apac

ity.

All

Ji

diti

Ct

tl

dfill

iS

thW

kC

tdi

ffii

tS

WLF

tt

dith

tfth

llj

idi

tiA

ll Ju

risdi

ctio

nsC

onst

ruct

a la

ndfil

l in

Sou

th W

ake

Cou

nty,

pen

ding

suf

ficie

nt

SW

LF w

as c

onst

ruct

ed w

ith s

uppo

rt fro

m th

e lo

cal j

uris

dict

ions

.co

mm

itmen

ts o

f was

te a

nd o

ther

sup

port

from

the

mun

icip

aliti

es.

ppp

Wak

e C

ount

yId

entif

y lo

ng-te

rm a

gree

men

t/par

tner

ship

opp

ortu

nitie

s an

d te

rms,

and

Th

isac

tion

was

acco

mpl

ishe

da

eC

ouy

dey

og

eag

eee

/pa

es

pop

pou

esa

de

s,a

dpr

esen

t to

mun

icip

aliti

es fo

r con

side

ratio

n.Th

is a

ctio

n w

as a

ccom

plis

hed.

pres

ent t

o m

unic

ipal

ities

for c

onsi

dera

tion.

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eC

ount

yId

entif

yan

dm

onito

rold

Wak

eC

ount

ysa

nita

ryla

ndfil

lsite

s.Th

iti

lih

dW

ake

Cou

nty

Iden

tify

and

mon

itor o

ld W

ake

Cou

nty

sani

tary

land

fill s

ites.

This

act

ion

was

acc

ompl

ishe

d.

Wak

eC

ount

yD

evel

oppo

st-c

losu

reus

epl

anfo

rNor

thW

ake

Land

fill.

Thi

tili

hd

Wak

e C

ount

yD

evel

op p

ost-c

losu

re u

se p

lan

for N

orth

Wak

e La

ndfil

l.Th

is a

ctio

n w

as a

ccom

plis

hed.

Juris

dict

ion

Inte

nded

Act

ion

- Was

te R

educ

tion

Impl

emen

ted

Act

ions

Com

men

ts

All

Juris

dict

ions

Edu

cate

resi

dent

san

dco

mm

erci

alen

titie

sab

outw

aste

redu

ctio

nvi

a

p

All

Juris

dict

ions

Edu

cate

resi

dent

s an

d co

mm

erci

al e

ntiti

es a

bout

was

te re

duct

ion

via

t/

tb

itTh

isac

tion

was

acco

mpl

ishe

dby

am

ajor

ityof

juris

dict

ions

.to

wn/

coun

ty w

eb s

ites.

This

act

ion

was

acc

ompl

ishe

d by

a m

ajor

ity o

f jur

isdi

ctio

ns.

All

Juris

dict

ions

Dis

tribu

te J

unk

Mai

l Ter

min

ator

kits

/Cur

tail

Junk

Mai

l kits

to re

side

nts.

S

ixju

risdi

ctio

nsre

porte

ddi

strib

utin

gth

ese

kits

The

rem

aind

erch

ose

focu

son

Incl

ude

Junk

Mai

l Ter

min

ator

info

rmat

ion

on to

wn/

coun

ty w

eb s

ites.

(par

tial)

Six

juris

dict

ions

repo

rted

dist

ribut

ing

thes

e ki

ts. T

he re

mai

nder

cho

se fo

cus

on

othe

rwas

tere

duct

ion

effo

rtsIn

clud

e Ju

nk M

ail T

erm

inat

or in

form

atio

n on

tow

n/co

unty

web

site

s.(p

artia

l)ot

her w

aste

redu

ctio

n ef

forts

.

All

Juris

dict

ions

Con

side

rim

plem

entin

gco

mpr

ehen

sive

user

fee

syst

ems

fors

olid

was

teA

ll Ju

risdi

ctio

nsC

onsi

der i

mpl

emen

ting

com

preh

ensi

ve u

ser f

ee s

yste

ms

for s

olid

was

te

and

recy

clab

les

colle

ctio

nth

atar

eba

sed

onth

equ

antit

yof

mat

eria

ls(p

artia

l)O

nly

a fe

w W

ake

juris

dict

ions

con

side

red

impl

emen

ting

a us

er fe

e sy

stem

. Mos

t an

d re

cycl

able

s co

llect

ion

that

are

bas

ed o

n th

e qu

antit

y of

mat

eria

ls

gene

rate

d(p

artia

l)y

jp

gy

juris

dict

ions

do

not c

urre

ntly

sup

port

switc

hing

to s

uch

a sy

stem

.ge

nera

ted.

jy

ppg

y

All

Ji

diti

Pf

tid

di

tif

td

thd

tith

iA

ll Ju

risdi

ctio

nsP

erfo

rm tw

o si

ded

prin

ting

of re

ports

and

oth

er d

ocum

ents

with

in

T/C

DTh

isac

tion

was

acco

mpl

ishe

d.To

wn/

Cou

nty

Dep

artm

ents

.Th

is a

ctio

n w

as a

ccom

plis

hed.

yA

ll Ju

risdi

ctio

nsU

tiliz

e in

trane

t and

dat

a tra

nsfe

r cap

abili

ty a

mon

g go

vern

men

tal o

ffice

s Th

isac

tion

was

acco

mpl

ishe

dp

yg

gto

redu

ce o

ffice

pap

er u

sage

/dis

posa

l.Th

is a

ctio

n w

as a

ccom

plis

hed.

to re

duce

offi

ce p

aper

usa

ge/d

ispo

sal.

All

Juris

dict

ions

Wor

kco

llect

ivel

yto

info

rman

den

cour

age

C&

Dco

ntra

ctor

san

dla

ndC

ount

ydr

afto

rdin

ance

tabl

edby

Com

mis

sion

ers;

Ral

eigh

draf

tord

inan

ceta

bled

;A

ll Ju

risdi

ctio

nsW

ork

colle

ctiv

ely

to in

form

and

enc

oura

ge C

& D

con

tract

ors

and

land

de

velo

pers

tore

duce

the

gene

ratio

nof

C&

Dde

bris

;bui

ld(p

artia

l)C

ount

y dr

aft o

rdin

ance

tabl

ed b

y C

omm

issi

oner

s; R

alei

gh d

raft

ordi

nanc

e ta

bled

; pi

lots

tudy

;Wak

eC

o&

Ral

eigh

requ

irew

aste

plan

forb

uild

ing

perm

itde

velo

pers

to re

duce

the

gene

ratio

n of

C&

D d

ebris

; bui

ld

ince

ntiv

es/d

isin

cent

ives

into

the

perm

itap

plic

atio

nre

quire

men

ts(p

artia

l)pi

lot s

tudy

; Wak

e C

o. &

Ral

eigh

requ

ire w

aste

pla

n fo

r bui

ldin

g pe

rmit.

ince

ntiv

es/d

isin

cent

ives

into

the

perm

it ap

plic

atio

n re

quire

men

ts.

Ral

eigh

Est

ablis

hci

tyem

ploy

eew

aste

redu

ctio

nte

amR

alei

ghE

stab

lish

city

em

ploy

ee w

aste

redu

ctio

n te

am"S

usta

inab

ility

Tea

m" w

as c

reat

edS

usta

inab

ility

Tea

m w

as c

reat

ed

Wak

eC

ount

y(C

ary

Ral

eigh

and

Wak

eC

ount

y)D

istri

bute

info

rmat

iona

lpac

kets

onW

ake

Cou

nty

(Car

y, R

alei

gh a

nd W

ake

Cou

nty)

Dis

tribu

te in

form

atio

nal p

acke

ts o

n t

dti

id

ti

l(p

artia

l)Th

is a

ctio

n w

as c

ompl

eted

by

Wak

e C

ount

y.w

aste

redu

ctio

n ai

med

at c

omm

erci

al u

sers

.(p

artia

l)Th

is a

ctio

n w

as c

ompl

eted

by

Wak

e C

ount

y.

App

endi

x D

Pro

gres

s S

umm

ary

of In

tend

ed A

ctio

ns

Juris

dict

ion

Inte

nded

Act

ion

Rec

yclin

gan

dR

euse

Impl

emen

ted

Act

ions

Com

men

tsJu

risdi

ctio

nIn

tend

ed A

ctio

n - R

ecyc

ling

and

Reu

seIm

plem

ente

d A

ctio

nsC

omm

ents

All

Juris

dict

ions

Eva

luat

eop

portu

nitie

sto

stan

dard

ize

targ

etre

cycl

able

san

dre

cycl

ing

All

Juris

dict

ions

Eva

luat

e op

portu

nitie

s to

sta

ndar

dize

targ

et re

cycl

able

s an

d re

cycl

ing

proc

edur

esfo

rall

mun

icip

alan

dC

ount

yco

llect

ion

prog

ram

s(p

artia

l)Th

is a

ctio

n w

as c

ompl

eted

by

mos

t loc

al g

over

nmen

ts. F

ive

Tow

ns s

witc

hed

to

proc

edur

es fo

r all

mun

icip

al a

nd C

ount

y co

llect

ion

prog

ram

s.(p

artia

l)p

yg

larg

er 4

8-ga

l car

ts; M

any

adde

d m

ater

ials

that

are

acc

epte

d cu

rbsi

de.

gg

;y

p

All

Ji

diti

El

tl

blt

il

iti

tid

fffi

it

All

Juris

dict

ions

Eva

luat

e re

cycl

able

mat

eria

ls p

roce

ssin

g op

tions

to p

rovi

de fo

r effi

cien

t d

ffi

if

il

d/d

li

ld

Thi

il

dJ

idi

i'

il

hf

blan

d co

st-e

ffect

ive

proc

essi

ng o

f sin

gle

and/

or d

ual s

tream

mat

eria

ls a

nd

This

act

ion

was

com

plet

ed. J

uris

dict

ions

' con

tinue

to e

xplo

re th

e m

ost f

avor

able

g

gto

incr

ease

mat

eria

ls m

arke

tabi

lity.

Con

side

r priv

atiz

atio

n as

wel

l as

mar

ket f

or th

eir r

ecyc

labl

es.

yp

publ

ic o

wne

rshi

p op

tions

.y

publ

ic o

wne

rshi

p op

tions

.A

llJu

risdi

ctio

nsE

valu

ate

feas

ibili

tyof

prov

idin

gre

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Pro

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Pro

mot

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avai

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dict

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Pro

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dor

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td

All

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Pro

vide

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bsid

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aule

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was

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ly S

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wn

recy

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pro

ject

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ld.

addi

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tes.

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stab

lish

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isac

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plet

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ake

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nty

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h w

hite

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rant

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This

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plet

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Juris

dict

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Inte

nded

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Litte

rMan

agem

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Impl

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Com

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risdi

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tend

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ctio

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itter

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agem

ent

Impl

emen

ted

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men

ts

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dict

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antit

ativ

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p

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dict

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Enf

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Juris

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gal d

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Offe

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Juris

dict

ions

Info

rm re

side

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llega

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disp

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met

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n an

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eb s

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such

as

new

spap

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plet

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such

as

new

spap

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All

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dict

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Col

lect

illeg

ally

disp

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litte

rand

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ll Ju

risdi

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dict

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Sup

port

Ado

pt-A

Hig

hway

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gram

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iti

lt

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Sup

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ff.Th

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aste

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as a

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ishe

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lack

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ime

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pg

pho

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mat

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sis,

as

a m

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plem

ente

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n ite

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ot a

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hous

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tom

atic

/fee

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umm

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tend

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dict

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nded

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plem

ente

d A

ctio

nsC

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ents

All

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Appendix E

Map of Temporary Debris Storage and Reduction Sites (TDSRS)

Disaster Debris Management Plans for the local governments that maintain them have not been included in this document due to size. They can be obtained by request. Please refer to the solid waste

contacts in the Executive Summary with questions regarding disaster debris management.


40

64

1

540

42

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16

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LegendRoadsIncorporated AreaApproved TDSR Sites

0 5 10 152.5Miles

Temporary Storage andReduction Sites

Wake County, NC

Figure x


Appendix F

Waste Reduction Goal Sheet


1/2009

WASTE REDUCTION GOAL SHEET NC LOCAL GOVERNMENT TEN YEAR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Local Government Name: Wake County Previously established waste reduction goal: 10 % After considering your government’s current and projected solid waste activities, resources, population, and economic growth have you reached your previously established goal? Yes No Establish a new waste reduction goal: 10 % WASTE REDUCTION CALCULATION To provide 10 years of solid waste management planning, as per G.S. 130A-309.09A(b), waste reduction goals need to be updated. Use the following chart to determine the tonnage needed to be diverted from landfills in order to reach the new waste reduction goal. CALCULATION FY 2019 1. Baseline year per capita disposal rate (FY 1991-1992 unless alternate approved by Section)

1.40

2. Percent waste reduction goal 10 % 3. Targeted per capita disposal rate (Subtract line 2 from 1.0 and multiply result by line 1)

1.26

4. Estimated population in the new waste reduction goal year (Available at Office of State Budget and Management website: Projected Annual County Population Totals 2010-2019)

1,206,703 5. Projected tonnage for disposal at baseline disposal rate (Multiply line 1 by line 4)

1,689,384

6. Targeted annual tonnage for disposal (Multiply line 3 by line 4)

1,520,446

7. Targeted annual tonnage to reduce (Subtract line 6 from line 5)

168,938 Population Link: http://www.osbm.state.nc.us/ncosbm/facts_and_figures/socioeconomic_data/population_estimates/demog/cpa2010p.html WASTE REDUCTION PLAN Given the targeted annual tonnage amount to be reduced, explain how you plan to reach the goal:

Efforts to achieve the above waste reduction goal will focus primarily on increasing recycling rates and source reduction. Approximately 60 percent (101,363) of the targeted reduction is expected to come from increases in recycling and 40 percent (67,575) through source reduction.


Appendix G

Buy Recycled Policies and Ordinances


Appendix H

Public Comments on 2009 Plan

A draft of the Plan was placed in all Wake County Public Libraries and Chambers of Commerce for public review and comment. The draft Plan was also posted on Wake County’s web site. Paid advertising notices of the opportunity to review the plan were placed in the following papers (see notice in Appendix B):

Apex Herald (March 26)

Fuquay‐Varina Independent (March 25)

Garner News (March 25)

Holly Springs Sun (March 26)

News and Observer (March 30)

Wake Weekly (March 26)

The public comment period spanned March 30th to April 10th, 2009. No comments were received from the public. Additional opportunities for public comment were provided at each municipal government Board/Council meeting during May and June, when the Plan was adopted, and at the Board of County Commissioners meeting in June.

An advertised public meeting was held on June 10, 2009 from 7:00 to 9:00 at the Wake County Agriculture Services Building at 4001 Carya Drive in Raleigh. The public was invited to review the document and provide comments. No comments were received at the public meeting.

Documents

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN - NCDENR - NC Dept. of