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G`dlgb dc t`b drlnlj ls arfltrary

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Feub atdi dr drajnb atdi dr

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bvbj a spagb!

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]`ls gajjdt fb a ujlt gbee

Rjlt gbees arb jdt lmbjtlgae

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

8/142

]`ls aesd gajjdt fb a ujlt gbee

Wpagb fbtwbbj ujlt gbees jdt aeedwbm

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

9/142

Rjlt gbees bxlst lj djey sbvbj s`apbs

Guflg

Drt`dr`diflg

V`difd`bmrae ]btrandjae

]rlgeljlg

@bxandjae

Idjdgeljlg

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

10/142

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Grystae Wystbis Eattlgb [araibtbrs

Grystae Ljtbrgbpts Grystae Ajnebs

Guflg a 9 f 9 g 9 9 9

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

12/142

]`brb arb jdt idrb t`aj = ways dc arrajnljn

sp`brbs lj ajy s`apb dc ujlt gbee

]`bsb arb

[rlilt

lvb

, Fdmy Gbjtbrbm,Cagb

Gbjtbrbm Bjm Gbjtbrbm

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

13/142a 9 6r

1

6

=

7

2

3>

0

Rjlt Gbee s`apb vlbw

Rjlt Gbee arrajnbibjt vlbw

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/UnitCells/sc.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

14/142

Eaybr arrajnbibjt vlbw

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Sdeuib dgguplbm fy a sp`brb lj t`b ujlt gbee S0

1

]dtae vdeuib dgguplbm fy aee t`b sp`brbs lj t`b ujlt

gbee

SS 10

0

1

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

17/142

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Gddrmljatldj juifbr

3

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

19/142

Rjlt Gbee s`apb vlbw

Rjlt Gbee arrajnbibjt vlbw

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/UnitCells/bcc.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

20/142

Eaybr arrajnbibjt vlbw

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

21/142

ar 7=

676 ar a

a : 6r

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23/142

[agoljn Cragtldj

7

7

7

=7

=6

r

r

30.;

Sdeuib dgguplbm fy a gdrjbr sp`brb lj t`b ujlt gbeeS

0

1

Sdeuib dgguplbm fy t`b gbjtrae sp`brb lj t`b ujlt gbee S1

]dtae Sdeuib dgguplbm fy t`b sp`brbs lj t`b ujlt gbee S6

[agoljn Cragtldj

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

24/142

Gddrmljatldj juifbr

0

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

25/142

Rjlt Gbee s`apb vlbw

Rjlt Gbee arrajnbibjt vlbw

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/UnitCells/ccp.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/UnitCells/ccp.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

26/142

a

ar 6=

66

ar a

r6

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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[agoljn Cragtldj

7

7

6

=

7

==

r

r

>=.;

Sdeuib dgguplbm fy a gdrjbr sp`brb lj t`b ujlt gbeeS

0

1

Sdeuib dgguplbm fy a cagb gbjtbrbm sp`brb lj t`b ujlt

gbee

S6

1

]dtae Sdeuib dgguplbm fy t`b sp`brbs lj t`b ujlt gbee

=

6

13

0

10

[agoljn Cragtldj

@ln`bst [agoljn Cragtldj dc aee s`apbs ajm dc

aee arrajnbibjts

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

29/142

Gddrmljatldj juifbr

xy

z

y-z peajb

x-z peajb x-y peajb

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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Gddrmljatldj juifbr

a/6

a/6

6a

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Elob t`ls 17 dt`br arrajnbibjts lj varldus s`apbs

wbrb rbhbgtbm

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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wbrb rbhbgtbm.

^b arb ebct wlt` djey 1= ujlt gbees

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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Eaybr F

Eaybr G

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/cps07.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/cps07.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/cps08.wrl

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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Eaybr G

Eaybr A

Eaybr F

Guflg Gedsb [agoljn

(GG[)

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/cps08.wrl

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

96/142

Eaybr arrajnbibjt vlbw

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/CCPHoles.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

97/142

Eaybr A

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

98/142

Eaybr F

Eaybr A

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/cps07.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/cps07.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/cps09.wrl

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

99/142

Eaybr A

Eaybr A

Eaybr F

@bxandjae Gedsb

[agoljn

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/cps09.wrl

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

100/142

Rjlt Gbee s`apb vlbw

Rjlt Gbee arrajnbibjt vlbw

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

101/142

a

g

a 9 6r

r

r

r

r

D

DA 9 r

ADF 9 7;d

FM

r

DF 7

6

D

g/6MM

B

6r

67

66

7

6)6(

6

6 grr

rBF

7

6=rg

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

102/142

Gdjtrlfutldj dc gdrjbr atdi3

1

Gdjtrlfutldj dc Cagb atdi 6

1

Gdjtrlfutldj dc sbgdjm eaybr

atdis7

]dtae atdis pbr ujlt gbee 3

[agoljn Cragtldj

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

103/142

7

6=6

=

73

7

=3

6

7

rr

r

66=

73 r

7

6=r

>=.;

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

104/142

[agoljn Cragtldj mbpbjms dj8

1. Eaydut dc bag` eaybr

6. [eagbibjt dc djb eaybr dvbr t`b dt`br

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/cps10.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/cps11.wrl

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

105/142

r

D

A

F

AF 9 r

DA 9 r taj7;d

7

r 5 r

[agoljn Cragtldj saib

Vajo dc ujlt gbee 6

Sdeuib dc ujlt gbee 1/7 dc prbvldus

iass dc ujlt gbee 1/7 dc prbvldus

mbjslty saib

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/UnitCells/hcp.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/UnitCells/hcp.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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]wd typbs dc vdlms8

Dgta`bmrae

]btra`bmrae

Cdujm djey lj CGG & @bxandjae prliltlvb ujlt gbees

Dgta`bmrae vdlm lj CGG

B ` ` m e lm e m ` m l ` m f = l

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/OctahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/OctahedralHole.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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Bag` dgta`bmrae vdlm edgatbm at t`b bmnb gbjtbr ls s`arbm fy = ujlt

gbees

]dtae gdjtrlfutldj dc bmnb gbjtrb vdlms 9 716=1

Gdjtrlfutldj dc gbjtrae vdlm 1

]dtae gdjtrlfutldj dc aee dgta`bmrae vdlms pbr ujlt gbee dc CGG 9 =

Jd. dc Dgta`bmrae vdlms pbr ujlt gbee 9

Vajo dc ujlt gbee

]btra`bmrae vdlm lj CGG

( )x-axls

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/TetrahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/TetrahedralHole.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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(;,;,;)x axls

y-axls

z-axls

(a/6, a/6,;)

(a/6, ;,a/6)(;, a/6,a/6)

(a/=, a/=,a/=)

(;,;,;)

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

110/142

(a/6, a/6,;)

(a/=, a/=,a/=)a

f

oa

ha

la

a =

=

=

oahalaf =

=

=

fa

fa

.

.gds 1

137

13gds 6

6

1

aa

7

1gds 1 d630.1;

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

111/142

Jd. dc tbtra`bmrae vdlms 9 6 jd. dc Dgta`bmrae vdlms

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

112/142

Sdlms lj @bxandjae [rliltlvb

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

113/142

Ebt us assuib t`at t`ls ls t`b ujlt gbee

t`bj aggdrmljn td w`at wb `avb mdjb lj CGG jd. dcDgta`bmrae vdlms 9 3 & jd. dc tbtra`bmrae vdlms 9 16

]btra`bmrae vdlms

Gdjtrlfutldj dc tbtra`bmrae vdlms cdribm ljslmb t`b ujlt

gbee ls 1 bag`. ]`b djbs cdribm dj t`b gdrjbrs dc t`b`bxandj `avb a gdjtrlfutldj dc 1/7.

]dtae gdjtrlfutldj 337

1=

Lj 7 eaybrs 1636

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/TetrahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/HCPHoles.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/TetrahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/OctahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/TetrahedralHole.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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Gddrmljatldj juifbr - =

A

(;,;,;)

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

115/142

=

7

===

666aaaa

rrAFag

ara =6

z-

axls

F

(a/=, a/=,a/=)

6

=

=

7 aag

rrr

aag rrr6

7

6

71

a

g

r

r662.;1

6

7

a

g

r

r

Gddrmljatldj juifbr - = (squarb peajar) dr 3 (dgta`bmrdj)

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/TetrahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/TetrahedralHole.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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F

A 6

arrAFag

ara 6

aa

ag rrrr 66

6

=1=.;16 a

g

r

r

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/OctahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/OctahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/OctahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/OctahedralHole.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/OctahedralHole.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

118/142

m c ` e c e ` c `

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

119/142

Cdr ldjlg gdipdujms dc t`b nbjbrae cdriuea AxFy t`b ratld dc t`b

gddrmljatldj juifbr dc A td t`at dc F wlee fb t`b ratld dc y8x.

1. Vdgo Waet Wtrugturb (JaGe) Ge-

Ja+

Ge-ls CGG

Ja+dgguplbs Dgta`bmrae vdlms

Jd. dc Ge-pbr ujlt gbee 9 =

Jd. dc Ja+

pbr ujlt gbee

9 =

cdriuea ls JaGe

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc Ja+ 9 3

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc Ge- 9 3

` m ` ` ` ` ee ` e m c eo e e

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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Dt`br gdipdujms w`lg` `avb t`ls strugturb arb8 aee `aelmbs dc aeoael ibtaes

bxgbpt gbslui `aelmb, aee dxlmbs dc aeoaeljb bart` ibtaes bxgbpt fbryeelui

dxlmb, AnGe, AnFr & AnL.

Gdjslmbr t`b ujlt gbee wlt` Ge -as CGG.

Gdjslmbr t`b ujlt gbee wlt` Ja+ as CGG.

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.html

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JaGe rra 66

Gera =6

JaGe rra 66

Jara =6

Wlilearey, rajy aeoael ibtae9 rajy `aelmb

GeJa rr

rajy aoaeljb bart` ibtae9 rdxlmb

Gdiparljn

6. Xljg Febjmb (XjW)

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/NaCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/ZincBlende.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/ZincBlende.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/ZincBlende.html

8/6/2019 solid-state for JEE

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W6-

Xj6+

W6-ls CGGXj6+ dgguplbs aetbrjatb tbtra`bmrae

vdlms

Jd. dc W6-pbr ujlt gbee 9 =

Jd. dc Xj6+

pbr ujlt gbee 9 =

cdriuea ls XjW

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc Xj6+ 9 =

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc W6- 9 =

Dt`br gdipdujm w`lg` `avb t`ls strugturb ls8 FbD

7. Ceudrltb (GaC6)

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/Fluorite.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/Fluorite.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/Fluorite.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/Fluorite.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/Fluorite.html

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C-

Ga6+

Ga6+ls CGG

C-dgguplbs aee tbtra`bmrae vdlms

Jd. dc Ga6+pbr ujlt gbee 9 =

Jd. dc C-pbr ujlt gbee 9 0

cdriuea ls GaC6

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc C- 9 =

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc Ga6+ 9 0

Dt`br gdipdujms w`lg` `avb t`ls strugturb arb8 RD6,

]`D6, [fD6, @nC6btg.

=. Ajtl-Ceudrltb (El6D)

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D6-

El+

D6-ls CGG

El+dgguplbs aee tbtra`bmrae vdlms

Jd. dc D6-pbr ujlt gbee 9 =

Jd. dc El+pbr ujlt gbee 9 0

cdriuea ls El6D

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc El+ 9 =

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc D6- 9 0

Dt`br gdipdujms w`lg` `avb t`ls strugturb arb8 Ja6D,

O6D, Vf6D

2. Gbslui @aelmb

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/CsCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/CsCl.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Crystals/IonicSolids/CsCl.html

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Ge-

Gs+

Ge-ls [rliltlvb guflg

Gs+dgguplbs t`b gbjtrb dc t`b ujlt gbee

Jd. dc Ge-pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

Jd. dc Gs+pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

cdriuea ls GsGe

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc Gs+ 9 0

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc Ge- 9 0

Dt`br gdipdujms w`lg` `avb t`ls strugturb arb8 aee `aelmbs

dc Gbslui ajm aiidjlui

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>. Vutleb (]lD6)

Dxlmb ldjs cdri `bxandjae prliltlvb ujlt gbee ajm tbtravaebjt ldjs (]l=+)

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/Rutile.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/Rutile.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/Rutile.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/Rutile.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/Rutile.html

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x c x n p ( )

arb prbsbjt lj 1/6 dc dgta`bmrae vdlms.

Jd. dc D6-pbr ujlt gbee 9 6

Jd. dc ]l=+pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc ]l=+ 9 3

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc D6- 9 7

Dt`br gdipdujms w`lg` `avb t`ls strugturb arb8 IjD6, WjD6, InC6, JlC6

cdriuea ls ]lD6

0. [brvdsoltb (Ga]lD7)

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D6-

Ga6+(mlvaebjt ldj)

Ga6+ls [rliltlvb guflg]l=+dgguplbs t`b gbjtrb dc t`b ujlt gbee

Jd. dc D6-pbr ujlt gbee 9 7

Jd. dc Ga6+

pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

cdriuea ls Ga]lD7

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc D6- 9 3

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc ]l=+Dt`br gdipdujms w`lg` `avb t`ls strugturb arb8 Fa]lD7,

Wr]lD7

]l=+(tbtravaebjt ldj)

D6-dgguplbs cagb gbjtrbs

Jd. dc ]l=+pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

9 3

Gddrmljatldj jd. dc Ga6+

9 16

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D6-ldj ls CGGIn6+(mlvaebjt ldj) 1/0t`dc tbtra`bmrae vdlms

Ae7+(trlvaebjt ldj) 1/6 dc dgta`bmrae vdlms

D6-pbr ujlt gbee 9 =

In6+pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

Ae7+pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

cdriuea ls InAe6D=

Wpljbe Ljvbrsb Wpljbe

D6-ldj ls CGGmlvaebjt ldj 1/0t`dc tbtra`bmrae vdlms

trlvaebjt ldj 1/=t` dc dgta`bmrae vdlms & 1/0t`dc

tbtra`bmrae vdlms

D6-pbr ujlt gbee 9 =

Mlvaebjt pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

]rlvaebjt pbr ujlt gbee 9 1

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(l) Eattlgb dc atdis

(a) Sagajgy aj atdi ls ilssljn crdi lts pdsltldj

mbjslty mbgrbasbs

pbrgbjtanb dggupajgy mbgrbasbs

1;;

mbcbgtwlt`dutprbsbjtatdisdcjd.

prbsbjtatdisdcjd.dggpajgy%

1;;mbjsltyet`bdrbtlga

mbjsltydfsbrvbmdggpajgy%

(f) Wbec ljtbrstltlae aj atdi ebavbs lts eattlgb sltb & dgguplbs ljtbrstltlae spagb

mbjslty & pbrgbjtanb dggupajgy rbialjs saib

(g) Wufstltutldjae lipurlty cdrblnj atdi sufstltutbs a `dst atdi & dgguplbs lts eattlgb

mbjslty & pbrgbjtanb dggupajgy iay g`ajnb

(g) Ljtbrstltlae lipurlty cdrblnj atdi dgguplbs dgguplbs t`b ljtbrstltlae spagb

mbjslty & pbrgbjtanb dggupajgy ljgrbasbs

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(l) Ldjlg strugturbs

(a) Wg`dttoy Mbcbgt Gatldj ajldj palr arb ilssljn

bebgtrd jbutraelty ls ialjtaljbm

mbjslty mbgrbasbs

(f) Crbjobe Mbcbgt ldj ebavbs eattlgb pdsltldj & dgguplbs ljtbrstltlae spagb

bebgtrd jbutraelty ls ialjtaljbm

mbjslty ialjtaljbm

(g) Wufstltutldjae Lipurlty Mbcbgt Fa6+ls rbpeagbm fy Wr6+

bebgtrd jbutraelty ls ialjtaljbmmbjslty g`ajnbs

(m) Ljtbrstltlae Lipurlty Mbcbgt @6ls trappbm lj ]lG

bebgtrd jbutraelty ls ialjtaljbm

mbjslty ljgrbasbs

(a) C-Gbjtrb

bebgtrdj rbpeagbs ajldj

bebgtrd jbutraelty ls ialjtaljbm

mbjslty mbgrbasbs

gdedur ls lipartbm

1. Assuiljn mlaidjm td fb CGG dc garfdj atdis

ajm t`at bag` garfdj atdi ls sp7 `yfrlmlzbm

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t`bj w`lg` dc t`b cdeedwljn statbibjts ls

gdrrbgt.(a) aee vdlms arb bipty

(f) 1;;% dgta`bmrae vdlms arb cleebm

(g) 2;% dgta`bmrae vdlms arb cleebm

(m) 1;;% tbtra`bmrae vdlms arb cleebm

(b) 2;% tbtra`bmrae vdlms arb cleebm

Wde8 Lc jd vdlm ls cleebm t`bj bag` garfdj wduem fb lj gdjtagt wlt` 16 garfdj atdis. ]`ls ls

jdt pdsslfeb as bag` garfdj ls sp7`yfrlmlzbm.

Lc dgta`bmrae vdlms arb cleebm t`bj t`dsb garfdjs lj t`b vdlms wduem fb lj gdjtagt wlt`

3 garfdj atdis. ]`ls aesd ls jdt pdsslfeb.

Lc 1;;% tbtra`bmrae vdlms arb cleebm t`bj t`b CGG garfdjs wduem fb lj gdjtagt wlt` 0

garfdj atdis as t`by arb s`arbm lj 0 ujlt gbees ajm wduem fb lj gdjtagt wlt` 0

tbtra`bmrae vdlms. Jdt pdsslfeb.(b)

6. Lj JaGe gaegueatb8

]`b mlstajgb fbtwbbj t`b clrst < jbarbst jbln`fdrs

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c n

lj a ujlt gbee & t`blr tdtae juifbr lj aee ujlt gbees

jbln`fdr jd. mlstajgb jd. dc jbln`fdrs

1a

3

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63

6

6

a16

76

7a 0

= a 3

26

2a 6=

3 a6

7 6=

> a6 16

0 a6

76=

< a7 0

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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrl

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mlstajgb fbtwbbj twd sug` peajbs

ls a

mlstajgbfbtwbbj twd sug` peajbs ls

a

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrl

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mlstajgb fbtwbbj twd sug` peajbs

ls

A

F

GA

77

7mlstajgb

aa

6

a

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrl

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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrl

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]d gaegueatb jd. dc iarfebs pbr ujlt arba wb

jbbm td sbebgt t`b siaeebst rbpbatljn ujlt.

10

m

A F

G

6m

=

7AFGtrlajnebdcarba

3

17AFGljiarfebsdcjd.

;.;112arbaujltpbriarfebsdcjd.

=1;7

61

6

10.=13;;;.;112clnurbbjgedsbmt`lsljiarfebstdtaet`bt`lsdjfasbm

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/chemistry/CHEMISTRY/PHYSICAL/SOLIDSTATE/solidstate/Crystals/IonicSolids/RutileArray.wrl

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