Solid phase (s): Strong attractive forces hold particles in fixed location. Regular definite geometric shape; crystalline

Liquid phase (l): Particles have mobility; sufficient attractive forces to give liquids a definite volume.

Gaseous phase (g): Particles have minimal attractive forces holding them together. No definite volume or shape.

States of Matter

Vocabulary

• Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles. (°C or K)

• Heat: a measure of the amount of energy transferred from one substance to another. (J)

• Heat of fusion: The amount of heat needed to convert a unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point. (Hf)

• Heat of vaporization: The amount of heat needed to convert a unit mass of a substance from its liquid phase to its vapor phase at constant temperature. (Hv)

Phase Changes

• Fusion: Melting; when particles have enough potential energy to break foa’s holding them together.

• Freezing: liquid to solid (solidification)• Vaporization: Boiling; When particles have

enough kinetic energy to enter the gas phase.• Condensation: gas to liquid• Sublimation: solid to gas• Deposition: gas to solid