PREPARED BYARTI PAL (12EX013) ARZOO PRAJAPAT(12EX015)CHARU AGARWAL(12EX021)HARSHITA BADMERA (12EX034)ITISHA SHARMA (12EX039)MANUKRITI GOYAL (12EX051)

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

SUBMITTED TO Prof. F.B SHARMA

ENERGY FROM SUN• Solar energy is the ultimate source of energy from

millions of years and it is a renewable energy.• This energy consists of radiant light and heat

energy from the sun.• Out of all energy emitted by sun only a small

fraction of energy is absorbed by the earth.• Just this tiny fraction of the sun’s energy that hits

the earth is enough to meet all our power needs.• Using present solar techniques some of the solar

energy reaching the earth is utilized for generating electricity etc….

• Even then the energy demand met by using solar energy is very less.

What is Solar Energy?

• Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun.

• Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation (visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves).

SOLAR RADIATION

Nuclear Fusion In Sun Radiation Absorbed By Earth

How much solar energy?

The surface receives about 46% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable.

How solar energy is used

We can use solar energy by converting it to electrical energy . So we must use a device called solar panels which can convert the light energy into electrical energy.

Solar panel is a group of solar cells. Solar cells works on the principle of photoelectric effect.

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

When a light of certain frequency falls on the surface of a metal , electrons will absorb the energy . If incident light energy is greater than the work function(minimum energy required to remove the loosely bound valence electrons)of the metal ,then the photo electrons will be emitted and the excess energy is converted to the kinetic energy of electron.

SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR

NON CONCENTRATING OR FLAT PLATE TYPELIQUID FLAT PLATEAIR FLAT PLATE

CONCENTRATING TYPEFOCUSSING TYPENON FOCUSSING TYPE

FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR

• A typical flat-plate collector is a metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called glazing) on top and a dark-colored absorber plate on the bottom. The sides and bottom of the collector are usually insulated to minimize heat loss.

LIQUID FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR

It consists of an absorbing surface which is flat with high absorbivity for solar radiation.

The metal plates used is most commonly made up of :-•COPPER•STEEL•ALUMINIUM

AIR FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR

•In this an air is used as a heat transfer medium.

•Collector plate is used to warm air stream from the back side of the plate.

CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR

•It concentrate the suns energy to a focal point, where absorber is located.

•They can use direct sunlight.

•These collectors can achieve very high temperature.

•They are of two types:-

Focusing typeNon-Focusing type

FOCUSSING TYPE•Focusing collector or concentrating type solar collector is a device to collect solar energy with high intensity of solar radiation on the energy absorbing surface. Such collectors generally use optical system in the form of reflectors or refractors. A focusing collector is a special form of flat-plate collector modified by introducing a reflecting or refracting surface between the Solar Radiation and the absorber. In these collectors radiation falling on a relatively large area is focused on to a receiver or absorber of considerably smaller area.

PARABOLIC THROUGH REFLECTOR

•A parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal collector that is straight in one dimension and curved as a parabola in the other two, lined with a polished metal mirror . The energy of sunlight which enters the mirror parallel to its plane of symmetry is focused along the focal line , where objects are positioned that are intended to be heated. For example, food may be placed at the focal line of a trough, which causes the food to be cooked when the trough is aimed so the Sun is in its plane of symmetry. Further information on the use of parabolic troughs for cooking can be found in the article about solar cookers .

MIRROR STRIP REFLECTOR

•In this mirror strips are mounted on a flat base.

•The individual mirrors are placed in such angles that the reflected solar radiation can fall on the same focal line where the collector pipe is placed.

•The angles are allowed to be adjusted continuously keeping the collector pipe and mirror strips in fixed positions.

MIRROR STRIP REFLECTORS WITHOUT RECEIVER

FRESNEL LENS COLLECTOR

•It is also a line focusing collector. In this focusing is achieved using a fresnel lens where refraction takes place

•The fresnel lens is made flat on one side and on the other side, fine longitudinal grooves are kept.

•The angles of these grooves are made in such manner that solar radiation can be focused on a line.

A concentrating photovoltaic collector using Fresnel lenses.

PARABOLOIDAL TYPE

•It is of point focusing type. The receiver is paced at the focusing point of concentrator.

•The tracking system is provided to track the sun automatically for all times.

•Around 2000°C temperature can be achieved by this collector.

•The parabolic dish is automatically turned about two axes so that sun can be tracked fully at essential times.

•These are used for high temperatures.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF

CONCENTRATING COLECTORADVANTAGES

•Structurally much simpler and cost per unit is less.

•No need of any anti freeze solution to protect absorber.

•Amount of heat that can be stored per unit volume is larger

•Can be used for electricity generation.

DISADVANTAGES

•It is necessary to have tracking mechanism to align this collector in the direction of sun.

•To maintain quality it is necessary to protect it from weather conditions.

•Set up cost is high.

•Additional optical losses are there.

SOLAR POND

•Natural or artificial body of water used to collect and absorb solar radiation energy and storing as heat.

•At the bottom of the pond insulating material is placed to minimise the loss of heat. A transparent fiber glass curved cover over the pond permits the solar radiation but reduces the losses by radiation and convention.

•The pond is filled with salt water at the bottom and with a layer of fresh water above it.

• A residential solar pond might have a perimeter measurement of 12 X 12 feet, with a depth of about 3 feet .

The salt-gradient solar pond near Bhuj

European industry

SOLAR POWER PLANT IN INDIA

Among other major solar power projects, Lanco is operating 5 MW of capacity in Gujarat and planning to expand it soon.

Bhopal: The world's largest 750 Mega Watts (MW) solar power station will be built in Rewa district's Gudh area, Madhya Pradesh . The plant will START in 2017.

Adani Group Commissions India's largest solar power plant in Gujarat

India's leading integrated infrastructure conglomerate the Adani Group, has commissioned a 40Megawatt ,country's largest solar power plant in kutch district ,Gujrat

A 4,000MW Ultra Mega Green Solar Power Project (UMPP) is being built near Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan it would be world's largest Solar Power Plant.