1Industrial energy management

Industrial energy management

Solar thermal power plants

2Industrial energy management

Theory solar radiationfinite distance between earth and sun

so sunlight is not parallel Sonnenlicht nicht parallel but divergent

geometrical circumference in about 4,65 mrad

sun is not a Lambert emitter because intensity decreases at boundary

from this followes: Sunshape:re

lativ

e ra

diat

ion

ener

gyde

nsity

deviation from solar altitude

3Industrial energy management

simplification:

imittance without losses at surface (Solar

constant 1367 W/m2)

reduced by: steam, dust…

Theory solar radiation

wave length /nm

spec

tral

irrad

iatio

n/ W

/m² n

m

wave lenght and application

spectral distribution at outerspace

black body at5762K

spectral distribution at sealevel (clear sky)

4Industrial energy management

categorisation of solar thermal power plants

tower farm

Tower -characteristics- Farmcentral -absorber config.- peripheraloptical -energy transport- thermical500-1200°C -temperature - 100-400°C5-100MW -power- 50kW-50MW400-1000 -concentration- 30-85

5Industrial energy management

scheme farm power plant at Cramer Junction Iparabolic trough, line focus 14MW

6Industrial energy management

scheme farm power plant: heat storage

heat storage with sensible heat: concrete, molten saltlatent heat: steam, liquified material (salt)

7Industrial energy management

parabolic trough solar thermal power plantAndasol 1(50MW) pic. by Solarmillenium (Spain)

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:12-05-08_AS1.JPG

2013: Shams solar power station with100 MW (Abu Dhabi)

8Industrial energy management

Parabolic Trough, DLR(german airspace centre )

concentration: 82

mirrorflexible tubes

servodrive

expan-sionloop

9Industrial energy management

Fresnel mirror DLR/Solar Power Group

10Industrial energy management

absorbtion tube by Schott Solar / DLR

absorbtion tube, a selective emitter

11Industrial energy management

• State of the art: heat transfer oil, ϑmax=320°C, at higher Temp.

thermal cracking, under pressure up to 400°C; production of H2 and reduction of vacuum

• future: solar boiling at pmax 10MPa and ϑmax=320°C, dificulties:piping and flow pattern

heat carrier fluids in farm power palnts

12Industrial energy management

Eurodish Almeria DLRStirling engine!

Spot focus systems

13Industrial energy management

Spot focus systems: solar tower power plant

principle: individual biaxial adjustable mirros (Heliostates)reflects the sunlight to a focal spot

14Industrial energy management

• concentrated solar radiation 0,3-1MW/m²

• enable max. temperature > 1000°C

solar tower, heat carrier fluids

closed voluetric receiver:under pressure with, He…to drive a: Joule/Brayton- cycle

gas as a carrier:porous absorber!

open volumetric receiver:simple designsucks in ambient air,complete ceramical contruction,ϑmax up to 1000°C

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solar tower, closed cycle:Testbed Almeria (Spain) DLR 500kw Turbine

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solar tower, offen: Jülich DLR 1,5 MWel

receiver: Siliciumcarbite SiC, as monolith with parallel channels

heat storage: sand up to 1h full loadperformance

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liquified metal: sodium, SSPS, 1981, 0,5MW

molten salt: nitrate salt, Solar Two, 1996, 10MW

water: PS 10/PS 20, 2007/ 2009, 10/20MW

solartower, heat carrier fluids for tube receiver

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solar tower, tube receiver: PS 10 Sevilla

193011.2012ISUT-Seminar Jörg Sauerhering

Thanks for your attention!

sources: Solarthermische HochtemperatursystemeR. Stieglitz, V. Heinzel; Springer-VerlagHandbuchreihe Energie Bd. 13D. Bonnet, Techn. Verlag ReschDLR; Stuttgart, Köln; R. Pitz-Paal, P. Schwarzbözl, R. Tamme