Solar technology and power generation in closed landfills–

economic evaluation of landfill post closure use (RFP #45)

www.hinkleycenter.org www.cce.ufl.edu www.bcn.ufl.edu

Investigators

• Jim Sullivan, Ph.D., Undergraduate Director at Rinker School of Construction Management• Previous Hinkley work with C&D and LEED – closing market loops

for waste diversion

• Charles Kibert, Ph.D., Professor and Director of Powell Center at Rinker School of Construction Management• Previous Hinkley Grant winner. Author and Keynote speaker

around the world on high performance buildings and solar offsets

• Amandeep Sekhon, Graduate Research Assistant at Rinker School of Construction Management

Agenda• 5 Mins - Greetings and Introduction• 20 Mins - Topics to discuss – • Industrial Solar Practices• PV installation practices over landfills in Florida• New advancements in PV and Solar Industry• Productivity and Efficiency criteria with respect to cost• Statements on current similar projects• Recommendation for this project

• 10 Mins - Final Output of the meeting and discussions.• 5 Mins - Other pertinent issues/discussion• Adjourn

Deliverables

• The effort has three primary goals: 1) Identify a case study to determine the opportunities for, and barriers to, alternative power generation related to closed landfills, 2) Determine the hurdles and benefits of installing solar generation technology in a closed landfill setting, and 3) Develop a methodology based on business case factors for existing and near-to-close facilities regarding the financial appropriateness for developing solar farms on a specific sites in Florida

The following materials must be submitted in support of the post-closure use permit: • 1. Solid waste site assignment; • 2. Landfill property deed; • 3. Environmental site assessment; • 4. Closure permit and certification; • 5. Site plan; • 6. Landfill capping design plan; • 7. Post-closure use design plan; • 8. Storm water drainage/run-off control plan; • 9. Storm water erosion control plan; • 10. Landfill gas control and monitoring plan; • 11. Geotechnical stability and settlement analysis; • 12. Capping system interface; • 13. Utilities description; • 14. Environmental monitoring description; • 15 Qualitative health and environmental risk assessment; • 16. Post-closure monitoring and maintenance plan; • 17. Financial assurance; • 18. Wetlands protection plan; • 19. Documentation that the site is in compliance with state environmental protection statutes Note – This is list from state of Massachusetts, for state of Florida it might differ (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 2009). Source - Solar Power Installations on Closed Landfills, Gabriel Sampson, 2009.

Solar Power Installations on Closed Landfills: Technical and Regulatory Considerations

Top Five Retailers of Electricity, with End Use Sectors, 2012 ( Florida)

Entity Type of Provider All Sectors (MWh)

Florida Power & Light Co Investor-Owned 102,127,929

Duke Energy Florida, Inc Investor-Owned 36,380,683

Tampa Electric Co Investor-Owned 18,408,580

JEA Public 11,663,369

Gulf Power Co Investor-Owned 10,662,634

Total Sales, Top Five Providers 179,243,195

Percent of Total State Sales 81

Retail Electricity Sales Statistics, 2012 (Florida)

ItemInvestorOwned Public Federal Cooperative

Number of Entities 5 33 NA 16Number of Retail Customers 7,376,114 1,381,365 NA 1,065,715Retail Sales (Megawatthours) 168,241,454 34,162,933 NA 18,269,397Percentage of Retail Sales 76.2 15.5 NA 8.3Revenue from Retail Sales (thousand dollars) 17,157,478.6 3,756,806.3 NA 2,114,288.5Percentage of Revenue 74.5 16.3 NA 9.2Average Retail Price (cents/kWh) 10.20 11.00 NA 11.57

Total

9,823,195220,674,333

100.023,028,602.

4100.010.44

1) The best efficient solar panel available in market is developed by Professor Martin Green, director of the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics at the University of NSW. It has achieved 40.4 per cent "conversion efficiency" by using commercially available solar cells combined with a mirror and filters that reduce wasted energy.

Source - http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/solar-energy-world-first-in-australia-20141208-121w8n.html

Financial feasibility and other factors

2) Traditional solar energy production uses one solar cell, which limits the conversion of sunlight to electricity to around 33 percent.

1) Federal Incentives for solar energy use can be found on this page – source - http://www.dsireusa.org/incentives/index.cfm?State=US&ee=0&re=0

• Corporate Deduction• Corporate Depreciation• Corporate Exemption• Corporate Tax Credit• Federal Grant Program• Federal Loan Program• Personal Exemption• Personal Tax Credit

2) Florida state incentives can be found on this page – source - http://www.dsireusa.org/incentives/index.cfm?re=0&ee=0&spv=0&st=0&srp=1&state=FL• Corporate Tax Credit• Local Loan Program• Local Rebate Program• Other Incentive• PACE Financing• Property Tax Incentive• Sales Tax Incentive

Source - Lissel, L. & Mosey, G. (2010). Feasibility study of economics and performance of solar photovoltaics in Nitro, West Virginia. Retrieved December 13, 2013 from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/48594.pdf

Solar Cell Efficiencies