Solar Panels:Our Future May Lie in its HandsLee Liak Ghee (10) Tay Wee Shing Kervin (23)

Loh Wei Kiat (12) Class: 2I3

Agenda

About Solar Panels

Proposal for New Solar Panel Project @ HCI

How to Make Solar Panels – The Eco-Friendly Way

Consumption of Electricity @ 2I3 Classroom – Worth?

Solar-Powered Devices

Future Applications of Solar Panels

Quiz

Website

Bibliography

About Solar PanelsSome Background Information to Start Off

Agenda (About Solar Panels)

Solar Panels Application

Types of Solar Panels

Monocrystalline Solar Panel

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

String Ribbon Silicon Solar Panel

Amorphous Silicon Solar Panel

Angle of Inclination

Solar Panels Application

Makes Use of Photovoltaics to Convert Light into Electricity

Some Materials have the Photoelectric Effect which Absorb Protons & Releases Electrons

Electricity Produced can be Used as Electricity when Free Electrons are Captured

Types of Solar Panels

Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

String Ribbon Silicon Panels

Amorphous Silicon Panels

Monocrystalline Solar Panel

Most Effective Solar Panel –

Efficiency Rate from 14% to 18%

Made from Silicon

Material Increases Conductivity & Excite more Electrons for More Electricity

Most Expensive Method

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Slightly Less Effective than Monocrystalline

Efficiency Rate From 12% to 14%

Made up of Individual Photovoltaic Cells

Cheapest and Most Cost-Efficient Solar Panel

String Ribbon Silicon Solar Panel

Similar to Polycrystalline in Terms of Efficiency Rate & Construction Method

Cost of Production is Slightly more Expensive than Polycrystalline

Amorphous Silicon Solar Panel

Lowest Efficiency Rate From 5% to 6%

Only Made of Semi-Conductor Materials like Copper

Extremely Cheap, but Not Worth it in the Long Run

Angle of Inclination

Solar Panels are NEVER Placed Flat

Differing Inclination Angles in Different Countries

To Maximise Efficiency Rate

Prevents Dust from Collecting/Rainwater to Flow Down

Optimum 17 Degrees in Singapore

Proposed New Solar Panel Project @ HCIWe Can Play Our Part Too

Agenda (Proposed Solar Panel Project)

Solar Panel Project Application

Current Statistics @ HCI

New Project Statistics

Conclusion

Solar Panel Project Applications

New Project to be @ High School Multi-Story Carpark

Current Statistics @ HCI

Total number of Panels : 84

System Size : 15.120 kW

Total number of Inverters : 3 (each for a set of 28 panels)

Estimated Electricity Generated (Day) : 70 kWh

Estimated Electricity Generated (Month) : 2,100 kWh

Estimated Electricity Generated (Year) : 25,550 kWh

Estimated Saving per year : $7,200

Estimated Carbon Reduction per year : 8 tons

System turn on date : 15 June 2011

Years to date Electric to grid : 3,220 kWh

New Project Statistics

Total number of Panels : 84 + 293 = 377

System Size : 15.120 kW + (738.72 kW / 14 = 53.766 kW) = 68.886 kW

Total number of Inverters : 3 + (293/28 rounded up = 11) = 14 (each for a set of 28 panels)

Estimated Electricity Generated (Day) : 70 kWh + (293 * 70/84 = 244 kWh) = 314 kWh

Estimated Electricity Generated (Month) : 2,100 kWh + (244 * 30 = 7,320 kWh) = 8,420 kWh

Estimated Electricity Generated (Year) : 25,550 kWh + (244 * 365 = 89,060 kWh) = 114,610 kWh

Estimated Saving per year : $7,200 + (7,200/84 * 293 = $25,114) = $32,314

Estimated Carbon Reduction per year : 8 tons + (8/84 * 293 = 28 tons) = 36 tons

Conclusion

Electricity Savings Per Year:

$22,533.23

Electricity Savings Over Solar Panels Life Period (25 Years):

$563,330.75

How to Make Solar PanelsThe Eco-Friendly Way

Agenda (How to Make Solar Panels)

Materials Needed

Experimental Procedure

End Results

FAQs

Materials Needed

Two Square-Shaped Pieces of Glass, measuring 3cm by 3cm

Titanium Dioxide (Very Expensive Chemical)

Any Species of Leaves/Flowers or Any Spread such as Jam/Kaya

Glucose

Experimental Procedure

Mix the Titanium Dioxide with the Glucose which will form a Liquid

Grind the Leaves/Flowers (If Being Used)

Apply the Liquid Formed on One Side of Each Glass

Put the Grinded Leaves/Flowers or Spread the Jam/Kaya on the Same Side of One Piece of the Glass

“Paste” the Two Glass Pieces Together

Allow Product to Dry under the Sun

End Results

Low Efficiency Rate, Compared to Average of 14%

Unable to Power Anything

Will Produce 0.000006kWh (Measured from Data logger)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Dose the Choice of Specimen Affect the Efficiency Rate of the Solar Panels?

No, but Specimens have a Variety of Colour tend to have better results

Does the Amount of Specimen Affect the Efficiency Rate of the Solar Panels?

Not Proven Yet, but there should not be an “Overdose” which will Cause the Product not to “Stick” Together

Electricity Consumption in HCIComparison Between Clock Tower and Block C Classrooms

Agenda (Electricity Consumption in HCI)

Class 2I3 Electrical Appliances

Class 2I3 Electricity Consumption

Class 2I3 Grand Total

Clock Tower Electrical Appliances

Clock Tower Electricity Consumption

Clock Tower Grand Total

Conclusion

Class 2I3 Electrical Appliances

Fans x 3 (7 Hours)

Lights x 6 (7 Hours)

Projector cum Visualizer x 1 (4 Hours)

Laptops x 5 (3 Hours)

Wi-Fi System x 1 (24 Hours)

Speakers x 2 (1/2 Hour)

Key:

Electrical Appliance x Quantity (Amount of Time used per Day)

Class 2I3 Electricity Consumption

Fan -55 Watts x 3 x 7 = 1155 Watts

Light – 25 Watts x 6 x 7 = 1050 Watts

Projector cum Visualizer -50 Watts x 1 x 4 = 200 Watts

Laptop – 35 Watts x 5 x 3 =525 Watts

Wi-Fi System – 7 Watts x 1 x 24 = 168 Watts

Speakers – 56 Watts x 2 x ½ = 56 Watts

Key:

Electrical Appliance - Electricity Consumption per Hour x Quantity x Amount of Hours Used per Day = Total Amount

Class 2I3 Grand Total

Grand Total of Electrical Consumption in Classroom per Day

= 3154 Watts/h or 3.154 kWh

Clock Tower Electrical Appliances

Fans x 3 (7 Hours)

Lights x 6 (7 Hours)

Projector cum Visualizer x 1 (4 Hours)

Laptops x 5 (3 Hours)

Wi-Fi System x 1 (24 Hours)

Speakers x 2 (1/2 Hour)

Air Conditioner x 1 (7 Hours)

Key:

Electrical Appliance x Quantity (Amount of Time used per Day)

Clock Tower Electricity Consumption

Fan -55 Watts x 3 x 7 = 1155 Watts

Light – 25 Watts x 6 x 7 = 1050 Watts

Projector cum Visualizer -50 Watts x 1 x 4 = 200 Watts

Laptop – 35 Watts x 5 x 3 =525 Watts

Wi-Fi System – 7 Watts x 1 x 24 = 168 Watts

Speakers – 56 Watts x 2 x ½ = 56 Watts

Air Conditioner – 3500 x 1 x 7 = 23500 Watts

Key:

Electrical Appliance - Electricity Consumption per Hour x Quantity x Amount of Hours Used per Day = Total Amount

Clock Tower Grand Total

Grand Total of Electrical Consumption in Classroom per Day

= 27654 Watts/h or 27.654 kW

Conclusion

Number of Classrooms (Non Air-Conditioned) to be Powered by Solar Panels:

Electricity Generated / Electrical Consumption in 1 Classroom

= 70 kWh / 3.154 kWh = 22.19

Solar-Powered DevicesHave You Seen them Today?

Agenda (Solar-Powered Devices)

Solar-Powered Phones

Solar-Powered Cars

Solar-Powered Calculators

Solar-Powered Boats

Solar-Powered Phones

Released by Samsung in 2009

Made from Eco-Friendly Materials

Cover Made from Recycled Bottles

Packaging Made from Recycled Paper

Has Built-In Pedometer & CO2 Emission Calculator

Solar-Powered Cars

Can Only Travel Up to 48 km/h on Average

Solar Cells Can be Added (Range: $10 - $400)

After “Upgrade”, Speed will be 2 Times Faster

Can Travel Up to 96 km/h

Solar-Powered Calculator

Doesn’t require battery

Powers as long as it is under light

Solar-Powered Boat

World’s largest solar powered boat

Speed of 15 miles per hour

Targets to tour the world

Future Applications of Solar PanelsThey May Save Mother Earth

Agenda (Future Applications)

“Lighthouse” Idea

Solar Panels on Planes

“Lighthouse” Idea

Solar Panels can ONLY Work During Daytime

To use Light from the “Lighthouse”

“Solar-Tracking System” to track “Lighthouse’s Light”

Rays are Directed Using Mirrors

Thus, Solar Panels can Work 24/7

Solar Panels on Planes

Planes Come into Direct Sunlight during Flight

Clouds Usually Affect Efficiency Rate of Solar Panels

Currently:

Proposing to Have More of These Planes, Including Passenger & Cargo Planes

Website

Here is the Link to Our Website:

http://hciterm4solar2i345.wiki.hci.edu.sg/

Solar Panels Quiz

Here’s the Link to the Quiz:http://www2.hci.edu.sg/y10hci0162/solarquiz/start.html

Bibliography

ABS Alaskan (2008, January 10). Power Consumption Table. Retrieved 27 September, 2011 from http://www.absak.com/library/power-consumption-table

Coolest Gadget (2011). World's Largest Solar-Powered Boat on a World Tour. Retrieved 26 September, 2011 from http://www.coolest-gadgets.com/20110902/worlds-largest-solarpowered-boat-world-tour/

How Stuff Works (2011). How Solar Cells Work. Retrieved 26 September, 2011 from http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htm

How Stuff Works (2011). How can solar panels power a car? Retrieved 26 September, 2011 from http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/solar-cars.htm

Solar buzz. (2011). Solar Market Research and Analysis - Facts and Figures. Retrieved 28 September, 2011, from http://www.solarbuzz.com/facts-and-figures

Solar cell. (2011, September 28). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 29, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell

Bibliography

Solar panel. (2011, September 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 27, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel

Solar Panel Center. (2011). How Much Money Can Installing Solar Panels Really Save? Retrieved 27 September, 2011 from http://www.solarpanelcenter.net/How-Much-Money-Can-Installing-Solar-Panels-Really-Save.php

Solar Panel Center. (2011). Types of Solar Panels. Retrieved 27 September, 2011 from http://www.solarpanelcenter.net/Types-of-Solar-Panels.php

Technology Review. (2007, March 5). Cheap Nano Solar Cells. Retrieved 28 September, 2011 from http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/18259/