Solar Energy Utilization in Residences

8/10/2019 Solar Energy Utilization in Residences

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SOLAR ENERGYUTILIZATION

By Krishna Kiran K.P

B090620AR

Guided by

Er. Arsha Soman


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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

METHODOLOGY

EXPECTED OUTCOME

REFERENCE

BIBLIOGRAPHY


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INTRODUCTION

Solar energy is harvested in many ways, the most common being solar paneprevalent are Solar thermal collectors, solar mirrors, passive methods etc. O

methods include superconductor cells and nano structured plasmonic cells,

relatively new technology

Solar panels are the most commonly used in India. They are photovoltaic c

module which is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells

The drawback of solar energy harvesting is that it is costly to set up, and req

consistent solar radiation throughout the year


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INDIAN SCENARIO

Figure clearly shows solar

prevalence around the wor

that solar collector has mos

value in India and in countr

sunlight is shining on suita

comparison with other cou

per year.


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On average, the country has 300 sunny days per year and receives an avera

radiation of 200 MW/km2. The India Energy Portal estimates that around 12.

Indias land mass, or 413,000 km2, could be used for harnessing solar energ

could be further increased by the use of building-integrated PV. Though a la

program has not yet been deployed in India, one study has estimated that th

technology alone could generate 11,000 TWh per year for India.


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LITERATURE REVIEW

In U.S, a renewable energy data book is published every year by the depar

energy to list out all the energy sources and the new methods and prospects

In Spain, Italy, Germany etc, the government favours solar energy harvestin

provide incentives and subsidies to developers who use it.

Most of these countries use solar panels as their method, as it is the most p

large scale harvesting as of now.

In India, the ministry of new and renewable energy publishes a Indian Rene

Energy Status Report every year to assess the conditions and status of ren

energy sources


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AIM To study about the utilization of solar energy in reducing the energy consum

residences and to prove that solar energy is the source for future

OBJECTIVES To study about solar energy utilization

To study about the various methods by which solar energy can be used

The study about practicality of using solar energy as a major substitute for cmeans

To analyze the energy consumption in both scenarios

To conduct case studies on residences utilizing solar energy

To prove that solar energy is better than conventional energy sources for a r


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METHODOLOGY

Secondary data - Literature case studies of solar power systems installed -

Hotel Dublin Airport, St. Marys County Public School CA

Case studies of energy consumption dataliterature case studies

Different methods and equipment used for utilizing solar energyA brief ma

panels, arrays, superconductor cells etc

Primary data - Case studies of residences for energy consumption dataR

Dr. Harimohan Pillai, Thrissur

Comparative analysis of conventional energy and solar energyOn site dat

from the case study. Comparing the expenses in both scenarios. Also Data u

literature references.


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METHODOLOGY

Literaturedata

Introduction

Background study

Existing solar power systems and how they work to reduce consum

Case study

Comparative analysis

Energy consumption data

Marketstudy

Different methods

Present situation


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EXPECTED OUTCOME

The status of solar energy as the source for the future. Expected result is th

economical and practical proof of solar powers upper hand over convention

of energy.

Even though India generates a large chunk of its power from hydro power p

days the diminishing water levels are of a concern. And the environmental im

the other sources.


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REFERENCES

Performance of solar power plants in India, a report submitted to Central

Regulatory Commission New Delhi

Indian Renewable Energy Status Report, 2010 by D. S. Arora, Sarah Bus

Shannon Cowlin, Tobias Engelmeier, Hanna Jaritz, Anelia Milbrandt, Shanno

Hotspots of solar potential in India by T.V. Ramachandraa, Rishabh Jain,

Krishnadas

Solar Photovoltaic Power for Urban Households By Soundaram Ramana

Energy savings in homeby Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Energy efficient solar homes/buildings by Ministry of New and Renewabl


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Efficiency f solar energy : http://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-o

energy-harvesting.html

Database of solar radiation on different parts, how to calculate energy outpu

cell : http://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.php

Solar energy in Indian residences : http://indiasolarhomes.com/
http://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://indiasolarhomes.com/http://indiasolarhomes.com/http://indiasolarhomes.com/http://indiasolarhomes.com/http://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://photovoltaic-software.com/solar-radiation-database.phphttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.htmlhttp://www.construction21.eu/articles/h/efficiency-of-solar-energy-harvesting.html


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LITERARURE CASE STUDIES


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ST. MARYS COUNTY PUBLIC SCHO

The initial installation consists of a 510.3 kW system of more than 2100 ARR

solar panels.

The elementary schools system is expected to generate approximately 677

hours of electricity in its first year of operations, representing 80 percent of th

energy needs.

The amount of clean energy the system will produce in its first year is equiva

taking 105.5 cars off the road each year.


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DETAILS

System Spec SystemProduction

Environmental Benefits

System Description

510.3 kW 677000kWh

annually

1184750 fewer

lbs. of carbon

dioxide

annually

1274 ground

mounted and

840 roof

mounted PV

modules

260 kW

inverter

(ground),

75 kW and 100

kW

inverters (roof)

B

r

r

p

fr

a


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DUNCAN HOUSE

Architect: Graham Duncan, 1998

Owner: Graham Duncan

Location: Ostend, Waiheke Island, New

Zealand; 36S, 174E; 10 m above sea level

Climate: Temperate

Area: 84 m2


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FEATURES

ECOFEATURES

Solar and wind generated power

Solar water heating

Rainwater supplies all water needs


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The house is entirely self-contained for its electricity supply, although there is

electricity available from Mercurys lines directly outside in the road.

The solar contribution comes from 16, 60 W Solar polycrystalline photovoltai

mounted on the north-facing roof at a slope of 42 (from horizontal).

Recently, an additional four 50 W panels were added to the north-facing wall

roof, increasing the original 960 W capacity to 1.16 kW.

In addition to the solar-generated power there are three small wind turbines.


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MIDDLETON HOUSE

Architect: Charles Middleton, 1990

Client: Charles Middleton and Peggie

Beattie

Location: Gravenhurst, Ontario, Canada;

45N, 79W; 270 m above sea level

Climate: Continental; 4800 heatingdegree days per year

Area: 152 m2


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DETAILS

ECOFEATURES

Passive design

Materials, local and

low embodied energy

Solar systems


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SOLAR HARVESTING SYSTEM

The house is powered off-grid with a range of conventional electrical applian

kitchen, as well as computers, fax, satellite television and other convenience

The house is fitted with a 600 W photovoltaic array for electricity and a smal

for backup.

The battery stores 1800Ah, allowing several days use without recharge.

The house has a solar hot-water system with a nominal 200 l storage tank.

The system draws water from the well using a 0.5 hp (0.373 kW) pump.

Rainwater is collected from the roof for use in the garden, conserving well-w

energy for pumping.


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USER FEEDBACK

Photovoltaic cells work well but the learning-curve on installation was steep

This installation seems to reflect the current state of development of this tec

North America.

Components work well individually, and support is good. The problems arise

integration.

Systems are not sold as complete and fully integrated packages.

Electricity bills reduced considerably


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POWER CONSUMPTION IN INDIA


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METHODS OF SOLAR ENERGY HARVE

Photo Voltaic (PV) Cells

A solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an

electrical device that converts the energy of light

directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.

It is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its

electrical characteristicse.g. current, voltage,

or resistancevary when light is incident uponit) which, when exposed to light, can generate

and support an electric current without being

attached to any external voltage source, but do

require an external load for power consumption.


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Solar Thermal Collectors

A solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing

sunlight. A collector is a device for capturing solar

radiation. Solar radiation is energy in the form of

electromagnetic radiation from the infrared (long) tothe ultraviolet (short) wavelengths. The quantity of

solar energy striking the Earth's surface averages

about 1,000 watts per square meter under clear

skies, depending upon weather conditions, location

and orientation. The term "solar collector"

commonly refers to solar hot water panels, but mayrefer to installations such as solar parabolic

troughs and solar towers; or basic installations

such as solar air heaters. Simple collectors are

typically used in residential and commercial

buildings for space heating.


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Concentrated solar power Systems

Concentrated solar power (also called

concentrating solar power, concentrated

solar thermal, and CSP) systems use

mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large

area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy,

onto a small area. Electrical power is

produced when the concentrated light is

converted to heat, which drives a heat

engine (usually a steam turbine)

connected to an electrical power

generator or powers a thermochemical

reaction


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Passive Solar Design

Passive solar design refers to the use of the

suns energy for the heating and cooling of

living spaces. In this approach, the building

itself or some element of it takes advantage ofnatural energy characteristics in materials and

air created by exposure to the sun. Passive

systems are simple, have few moving parts,

and require minimal maintenance and require

no mechanical systems. Operable windows,

thermal mass, and thermal chimneys arecommon elements found in passive design.


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Using Plasmonic Nanostructures (new

method)

Plasmons, or a collective oscillation of

electrons, can be excited by optical radiation

and induce an electrical current that can move

in a pattern determined by the size and layout

of the gold particles used, as well as the

electrical properties of the surrounding

environment. Because these materials can

enhance the scattering of light, they have thepotential to be used to advantage in a range

of technological applications, such as

increasing absorption in solar cells.


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PV SYSTEMS

Three configuration options are available

based on customer requirement:

PV system which is standalone i.e. not

interconnected to any grid power line

Solar PV system interconnected with

existing grid power supply line and using

battery storage with 5 hours backup. Solar PV system interconnected with

existing grid power supply line and not

using any battery back-up


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REQUIREMENTS FOR PV SYSTEMINSTALLATION

A) Roof-top area required

A few years ago a 1-kilowatt home solar system would consists of about 10-12

panels depending on their watt peak rating and require about 100 square feet

of roof area for the installation.

However, these days due to better technology, it can be reduced to even 4 pan

4ftx3ft. So the area required can be reduced considerably.


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B. Cost implication

Solar PV only has capital cost and very less operating cost. For the different o

configurations, costs are presented below. The government subsidy scheme is

mentioned.


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QUESTIONNAIRE

1. How long ago was the system installed?

2. What was the initial cost for installation?

3. What is the type of system used?

a. Standalone PV system which is not connected to any power line

b. PV system connected to power line for storing back up power in batteri

c. PV system connected to power line which does not store back up powe

d. Other

1. What is the capacity of the system?

2. What was the average electricity bill before the system installation?

3. What is the average electricity bill now, and how much is the difference?

4. Does the system requires timely maintenance? If yes, how much does it costs

5. What is the lifetime of the batteries used?


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ANALYSIS PV systems are still the best options for solar

energy harvesting in India, with depleting prices

and increasing brands and consumer service

Potential of solar energy in Indiahigh since most

places receives plenty of direct sunlight

It is observed that nearly 58% of the country

receives annual average Global insolation of

5kWh/m2/ day which could help meet escalating

power requirements in a decentralized, efficientand sustainable manner

Since studies show that all the oil and natural gas

deposits in the world will deplete in about 50 to 70

years, this is the most abundant renewable source

of energy we have.


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Solar Energy Utilization in Residences