Soil Pollution Issue in Environmental Impact Assessment About Standard Urban Development Project

8/12/2019 Soil Pollution Issue in Environmental Impact Assessment About Standard Urban Development Project

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'IAIA11 Conference Proceedings'Impact Assessment and Responsible Developmentfor Infrastructure, Business and Industry

31stAnnual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment28 May- 4 June 2011, Centro de Convenciones, Puebla - Mexico (www.iaia.org)

Soil Pollution Issue in Environmental

Impact Assessment about Standard Urban

Development Project

ABSTRACT

According to the characteristics of soil pollution analysis in EIA about standard

urban development project, I conclude the way and thought of soil pollution

analysis in EIA. In the essay, I describes the investigation means of soil pollution

businesses in the region, summarized the classification of industries pollutants in

different soil characteristics, point out the evaluation criteria of soil pollution, sum

various types of contaminated soil remediation measures. Combined with relevant

environmental laws and regulations, demonstrate the duties of the responsible parties.

KEY WORDS standard urban development, EIA, soil pollution, soil

remediation

Standard urban development project is ordered to remove some of the existing

construction land for the reclamation of farmland. Urban development project buildnew distribution of demolition of local industrial enterprises, especially the chemical

and metallurgical enterprises, may cause pollution of soil. Site restoration of land to

development if not treated and also to move into residential or reclamation of arable

land, the people living here will constitute a long-term potential health threat to the

land reclamation and agricultural crop growth in a direct impact on safety. Soil

pollution is cumulative and difficult to detect.[1] If not seriously, it can cause great

harm. Thus, the environmental impact assessment in standard urban development

project should be highly concerned about soil pollution. This paper argues that such

projects in the environmental assessment of soil contamination should include the

following points.


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1Status manufacturers contaminated soil problem identification and screening

The type of soil pollutants table is below. [2]

Table 1 The type of soil pollutants tableSort Source

Organic pollutants

DDT Production and use of pesticidesPhenol

Refinery, Production of phenol, Rubber industry,Fertilizer industry, Pesticide industry

CyanideElectroplating industry, Metallurgical industry, Dye

industry

Benzo [a] pyrene Refinery, Coking industry

Oil Exploitation of oilOrganic detergents Machinery industry

Heavy metalpollutants

Hg Alkali industry, Production of mercury compounds

CdSmelting industry, Electroplating industry, Dye

industry

Cu Smelting industry, Electroplating industry

Zn Smelting industry, Electroplating industry, Textileindustry

CrSmelting industry, Electroplating industry, Dye

industry, Leather industry

Pb Paint industry, Smelting industry

SeSulfuric acid industry, Pesticide Industry, Fertilizerindustry, Pharmaceutical industry, Glass industry

SiElectronics industry, Electrical industry, Paint

industry, Ink industry

NiSmelting industry, Electroplating industry, Refinery,

Dye industry

2Evaluation of soil pollution

With the identification and screening results assessment agencies determine the

key polluting enterprises. Then they should commission a professional monitoring

department who focus on monitoring soil emissions of these pollutants in business

according to HJ / T 166 -2004 "soil environmental monitoring technical

specifications". Based on the use of development area, they choose the appropriate

status of evaluation criteria.

Reclaimed soil pollutant index, according to GB 15618-1995 "soil environmental

quality standard "and DB12/113-1999 "pollution-free vegetable production

environment quality standard " .

Table2 Reclamation district soilenvironmental quality standard mg/kgexcept pHProject ValuepH 7.5

Cd 0.30 0.30 0.6

Hg 0.30 0.50 1.0As 40 30 25Cu 50 100 100

Pb 250 300 350Cr 150 200 250

Zn 200 250 300Ni 40 50 60BHC 0.50

DDT 0.50


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Resettlement areas and the transfer of the district will build a number of

residential and public buildings. In these district, soil pollutant index must meet

requirement of HJ 350-2007 "exhibition site evaluation of soil environmental quality

standards "

Table3 Residential and public buildingsdistrict soilenvironmental quality standardProject Value

Cd 22Hg 50As 80

Cu 600

Pb 600Cr 610

Zn 1500Ni 60

BHC 1.0DDT 1.0

By the monitoring and corresponding comparison of soil quality standards, they

determine the status of the pollution of the soil, for the follow-up to take the

appropriate measures to provide the basis for soil remediation.

3Soil remediation measures

3.1Physical rehabilitation

The method of repairing contaminated soil by physical methods such as soil

replacement, solidification, landfill packaging and heat treatment.

3.1.1 Soil replacement

Excavate contaminated soil and replaced it with uncontaminated soil. Deeplyplow into the soil underlying contaminated soil. Cover new soil on contaminated soil.

[3]

3.1.2Solidification and landfill package

Mix polluted soil with cement into package. Excavate contaminated soil, and

then sent it to the designated landfill. Compress contaminated soil and packaged it

with the container.[4]

3.1.3Heat treatment

Heating contaminated soil, so that thermal decomposition of pollutants.

3.2Chemical remediation

By putting chemical substances into the pollutant soil, changes soil pH or occurs

binding reaction with contaminated soil to produce a new non-toxic or easy to dealwith new substances.

3.3Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of metabolic activity of biological life, reduce the soil

concentration of toxic and hazardous compounds, so that contaminated soil back to

health process.[5]

3.3.1Bioremediation by micro-organisms

Organic matter, especially for the repair of oil polluted areas. [6]Added to the soil

nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients, increase oxygen and water, so that the soil

microbial maintain optimum vitality, which break down crude oil.[7]Compost is also

commonly used bioremediation that can be greatly reduced concentration of organic

pollutants in soil.[8]


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3.3.2 Phytoremediation

Genetic cultivated plants can absorb pollutants in soil. [9] Plants can remove

organic contaminants in three ways, one direct absorption, transformation,

degradation of pesticides; the second is directly to the soil plant roots secrete enzymes

capable of degrading pesticides; Third, the secretion of organic acids by plant roots,and promote the Microbial growth and reproduction surrounding root, and thus

degradation of organic pollutants.[10]

3.4 Agro-ecological restoration

Agro-ecological restoration includes two aspects: First, agricultural rehabilitation

measures. The second is ecological restoration.

Based on the Screening of soil pollution and monitoring data, EIA agencies

select soil pollution control measures in these targeted measures for the environmental

assessment of soil restoration project.

4The responsible party soil remediation

4.1Polluting industriesAccording to Chinese environmental protection regulations, the pollution

industries are responsible of governance and restore soil function for the problem of

environmental pollution caused by remaining pollutants from themselves.

4.2Urban land consolidation construction unit

Urban land consolidation construction wont be allowed to signed land

agreement with polluting enterprises, until they understand the production process of

polluting enterprises and conduct soil monitoring. If the pollution does exist, then the

pollution industries must restore soil function. Once pollution industries has been

relocated,local government or the construction unit can carry out land consolidation

restoration of soil functions, and the original polluting enterprises bear the cost of soil

restoration.

5Summary

Ii is very important that we must pay close attention to the issue of the soil about

the business distributing in the district during development of standard urban,

because standard urban occupies wide area and mainly through the demolition of the

old form it construction new district and reclaims original land. With the expansion

of accelerated urbanization and urban functions to adjust the layout, originally

located in the city's high pollution, high energy-consuming enterprises have

gradually moved out of the heart. These enterprises often occupyexcellent site for

competing development. On the contrary development of the site occupied by heavypolluting enterprises will face how to detect contamination of soil, how to "disinfect"

and later risk assessment issues. The reality is that China has not improved the

prevention and control of land pollution laws and regulations, land developers could

easily lead to neglect, ignore or avoid responsibility for soil remediation, so that

potential hazards. As EIA about standard urban development project, we should

investigate soil pollution of businesses in the region, make a detailed analysis of the

characteristics of soil pollutants, infer the extent of soil pollution specifically by

monitoring, and propose targeted soil remediation measures. With relevant

environmental laws and regulations, the duties of the responsible parties should be

clear to avoid project implementation problems resulting from soil pollution.


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References

[1]Han Suoqing,Chi XiangThe Type and Impact of Soil Pollution [J]Friend OfChemical Industry,2007,(3)

[2]Chen Jingzhong,Chen Jie,Xie XuejianSoil Pollution and Environmental

Impact [J]Soil200335(4)

[3]Zhang Guixiang,Zhao Li,Liu XitaoHealth Hazards of Soil Pollution and

Remediation Technology [J]Sichuan Environment200827(3)

[4]Yu Jia,Dai Wanhong Research on Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and

Remediation [J]Environmental Science and Technology200821(S2)

[5]Chen JianEnvironmental Biotechnology [M]PekingChina Light IndustryPress2000

[6]Shen DezhongBioremediation of Environmental Pollution [M]Peking

Chemical Industry Press2002

[7]Zhang Cong,Xia LijiangBioremediation of Contaminated Soil [M]Peking

China Environmental Science Press2000

[8]Cao Deju,Cheng PeiBioremediation of Several Microorganisms Towards Cu

and Cd by Adsorption [J]Journal of Agro-Environment Science2004

23(3)[9]Chen HuaimanSoil-plant System in Heavy Metal Pollution [M]

Science Press1996

[10]Ding AifangBiotechnology Applications in Remediation of Contaminated

Soils [J]Anhui Agriculture Science Bulletin200814(23)

About the Author:

Liu Wei, the staff of the third EIA institute in Tianjin Environmental Impact

Assessment Center. Born in China in 1979, engineer and registered environmental

impact assessment engineer. Master's graduate in College of Environmental Science

and Engineering of Nankai University in 2002. Since 2002 more than 300 entries to

establish environmental impact report in all types of construction project, including a

project approved by State Environmental Protection Department.

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Soil Pollution Issue in Environmental Impact Assessment About Standard Urban Development Project