Soil and Rock Support

7/29/2019 Soil and Rock Support

1/1095 Copyright Reid Construction Systems 2007. All rights reserved. Moral rights asserted.

COMPANY

BACKGROUND

PR

ODUCT

CATALOGUE

ANCHORS&

FASTENERS

REIDBAR&

FITTINGS

CONCRETE

LIFTING

S

YSTEMS

NIRVANA

MODULAR

WALLCASTING

SYSTEM

CAST-IN

CHANNELS

TM

Soil & Rock Support

Features and benefits

Q Reidbar has closely defined mechanicalproperties which provide consistent performanceunder long term anchor loading.

Q Unlike strand tendons the solid anchors have noconstructional losses.

Q Supplied in the hot rolled condition which iseffectively stress-free.

Q The high ductility and smooth, relatively flat,rate of strain hardening ensures a high margin ofsafety against tensile/shear overload in the case oftransverse movements in the rock or soil.

Q Resists dynamic loads (e.g. traffic wheel loads).

Q Preloading to the full working load ensures thatthe load transmitted to the anchorage medium(rock or soil) is constant i.e. live loads are nottransmitted to the anchorage medium.

Q A range of chemical and expansion anchorsenhance the versatility of the system.

Q Rugged thread is resistant to damage.

Q May be tensioned, released and re-tensioned withease

Q Simplicity in applying the prestress with jacks,torque wrenches or air operated tools

Q Recoverable anchors may be removed to simplify

later excavationsQ The rigidity of the anchors makes them easy to

install especially in overhead applications.

Q High shear bond as deformations are designed forshear interlock with concrete or resin.

Q Transmits the anchor forces efficiently to the groutbody without additional fittings.

Q Standard stock lengths may be stored and cut tosuit the application.

Q Offcut bars may be used for all standard concretereinforcement applications in the construction sitewhilst small pieces are ideal for formwork, starterbars or hangers in underground works.

Q Can be cut and spliced at any point along itslength

Q Can be welded

Q Single, Double and Triple Protection Systemsavailable for corrosive environments



TM

Soil & Rock Support

Mechanical properties and working loads for grade 500 Reidbar.

Rock/Grout interface

The rock/grout interface is subject to so many vagaries

that the choice of a suitable bond stress value is often

difficult.

As a general guide the ultimate bond stress forcompetent rock can be taken as 10% of uniaxial

compressive stress (where the uniaxial compressive

strength is above 20Mpa and the bond stress is

limited to a max of 4.2 MPa) (after Littlejohn and

Bruce 1977).

Test bores will give a a guide to the initial selection

but on site proof load tests are always advisable. The

ability of rock to adequately confine the grout column

reduces as the anchor length decreases below 1

metre (after Morris and Sharp 1973). We suggest

that the bond strength of the first 600mm of the holedepth be ignored unless massive unfractured rock is

at the surface.

Note that with the exception of rockbolts secured into

fully competent rock, the fixed anchor length should

not be less than 3 metres.

For information on corrosion protection refer to

page 118.

Rock Anchors

Rock anchors have traditionally been grouted with

cement grouts. The ultimate strength of an anchor in

sound competent rock is dependent on many factors.

Among the more important of these is the unit bondstress capacity of the rock/grout interface, the unit

bond stress capacity of the bar/grout interface, the

length of the anchor and the consequences of failure.

The capacity of the cement grout to both bond to and

protect the bar as well as the bond with the substrate

is largely dependent on the water cement ratio.

The bond and shear characteristics of a cement grout

are also determined largely by the water cement ratio.

The ideal water cement ratio lies in the range 0.35

to 0.4 (Hyett et al, 1992). Cement grouts above 0.4

will cure with excessive micro porosity and groutsbelow 0.35 could be difficult to pump and may be

susceptible to void forming and incomplete wetting of

the strata.

As a practical guide a grout with a cement water ratio

0.35 is described as sticks readily to and hangs from

the hand when upturned and a 0.4 grout readily

sticks to the hand but can be shaken free.

Specifications & Working Loads

Ground Anchorage with Cement Grout

RB12 500E 500 56.5 65 40.3 39

RBA16 500E 500 100.6 115.6 71.7 70

RB20 500E 500 157.0 180.6 112.0 109

RB25 500E 500 245.5 282.3 175.0 171

RB32 500E 500 402.0 462.3 286.6 281

*Nominal weight given as 60% of minimum ultimate breaking strength.

Table 16.

ProductCode

GradeChar Yield Stress

Mpa

Char Min YieldStrength

(kN)

Char Min UltStrength

(kN)

Char Min Shear.62 min Ult

(kN)

Max TensileWorking Load

(kN)*

1. Ref: BS 8081: 1989 - cl. 6.2.3.4



COMPANY

BACKGROUND

PR

ODUCT

CATALOGUE

ANCHORS&

FASTENERS

REIDBAR&

FITTINGS

CONCRETE

LIFTING

S

YSTEMS

NIRVANA

MODULAR

WALLCASTING

SYSTEM

CAST-IN

CHANNELS

TM

Soil & Rock Support

Non-shrink Grouts

For sites with limited or very restricted access,

shrinkage compensated, cement-based grout capsules

are available. These capsules are supplied as a ready-

to-use powder encapsulated in a water permeable skin.

When required for use the capsules are simply soaked

in water for about 5 minutes which penetrates the skin

and wets the powder, forming a plastic non-shrink

grout, Capsules are 25mm diameter x 320mm long.

Product code: GROUTCAP

Non shrink grout is also available from Reids in 25kg

bags ready for the addition of water on site. When this

grout is used in accordance with the instructions this

grout will achieve a 28 day compressive strength of

65MPa.

Soil Anchors

Tables 19 and 20 give guide values for the load transfer

capacity of various broad classification of non-cohesive

and cohesive soils with cement grout. A test anchor

should be made to reliably determine the load capacity.

The following information is provided for guidance

only. A geotechnical engineer should be consulted to

determine the appropriate design requirements.

When high strength non shrink grouts are used the

ultimate loads will be in the upper range of the figures

given in table 17 because of the superior bond strength

likely to be provided whereas they will be in the lower

range when using normal grout.

Table 17.

A guide to the ultimate strength of Reidbar in cement grouted holes (typically 20MPa min) (bond stresses after

Littlejohn and Bruce 1977, Table 25 BS 8081 1989)

Anchorage with Cement Grout

Soft Shale 0.21 - 0.83 42 - 169 49 - 195 59 - 234 65 260 98 - 391

Sandstone 0.83 - 1.73 169 - 350 195 407 234 - 486 260 - 543 391 - 562

Slate & Hard Shale 0.86 - 1.38 175 - 281 202 - 325 243 - 390 270 - 433 405 - 562

Soft Limestone 1.0 - 1.52 204 - 310 235 - 358 282 - 429 314 - 477 471 - 562

Granite & Basalt 1.72 - 3.10 351 562 405 - 562 486 - 562 540 - 562 562 - 562

Concrete 1.38 - 2.76 281 - 562 325 - 562 390 - 562 433 - 562 562 562

NB: For working loads apply a factor of safety of at least 2.5 to these ultimate loads. The bond developed by added

length of embedment may not be proportional to the additional length. The load transfer mechanism between grout

and fissured rock is much less certain and it is advisable to consolidate and seal the cracked rock by pregrouting

before installation of the anchor.

MaterialUltimate

Bond N/mm2 65 mm 75 mm 90 mm 100 mm 150 mm

Ultimate Strength in kN per metre for nominated hole dia.

RB12 14.2 25 3

RB16 18.4 25 2

RB20 22.5 28 2

RB25 28.6 35 3

RB32 35.9 42 4

Reid product code GROUTCAP

Table 18.

Anchorage with Non-shrink grout capsules

ProductCode

Max BarOD

RecommendedHole Dia.

Capsules perMetre

Sandy gravels Very dense 0.38

Dense 0.30

Medium dense 0.20

Medium coarse sands Very dense 0.25

with gravel

Dense 0.20

Medium dense 0.17

Fine to medium sands Dense 0.19

Medium dense 0.11

Table 19.

A guide to working bond strengths between non-cohesive soils and cement grout

Soil Types ConditionBond

StrengthMPa



TM

Soil & Rock Support

Nom.1.5M

etresBondL

ength

FreeLength

Typical fully grouted passive soil nail

To position bar centrally in drilled holes a Bar Centraliser is used

Detail 25.

Typical partly grouted active anchor

Detail 26.

Very soft Exudes between fingers when squeezed in fist 10 5 1 2

Soft Easily penetrated by thumb 18 9 2 4

Medium strength Difficult to penetrate with thumb 40 20 4 8

Firm Easily indented with thumb nail 75 37 7 14

Stiff Readily indented with thumb nail 150 75 15 30

Hard Difficult to indent with thumb nail 300 150 30 60

* Working strength short term based on 0.5Cu/2.5 as the drilling operation causes temporary remoulding of the

clay at the edge of the bore hole.

** Working strength long term based on Cu/2.5

Table 20.

A guide to working adhesive strengths between cohesive soils and cement grout

Clay Condition Field Test

UnconfinedCompressive

Strength(qu)(kPa)

TypicalUndrained

Shear Strength(Cu)(kPa)

*WorkingStrengthAdhesion

Short Term(kPa)

**WorkingStrengthAdhesion

Long Term(kPa)

The free length is commonly grouted after the anchor has been stressed. Alternatively the free length can be

sleeved during installation and the anchor grouted up to the surface. This effectively removes the bond over the

free length allowing it to preload during the subsequent stressing operation.

Nom.1.5M

etres

Reid'Lant

ern'TypeB

arCentrali

ser

EgRB20/16

Nom.0.5M

etre

Reidbar

EgRB20

Grout

ReidbarN

uts

EgRB20N

PlusRB20N

H

ReidDome

BasePlate

&Spherical

Washer

EgBPLATE

20100



COMPANY

BACKGROUND

PR

ODUCT

CATALOGUE

ANCHORS&

FASTENERS

REIDBAR&

FITTINGS

CONCRETE

LIFTING

S

YSTEMS

NIRVANA

MODULAR

WALLCASTING

SYSTEM

CAST-IN

CHANNELS

TM

Soil & Rock Support

A more recent development for securing rock bolts,

tie backs or rock dowels is to use resin to bond the

Reidbar over part or all of the Reidbar length.

Very fast installation can be achieved using resin

anchors.

Each bore hole must be cleaned out with air or water

after drilling and before the resin cartridge is installed.

Optimum performance of the Reidbar anchor

is achieved when the applied preload from final

stressing exceeds the maximum applied working loadof the anchor. In certain applications pre-stress is

not required and the anchors may be proof loaded to

ensure integrity according to the design requirement.

Stressing of Reidbar is simple with either:

1) a hollow bore hydraulic jack or

2) a large torque wrench or air wrench. Refer

Frequently Asked Questions pages 85-88.

The anchorage length can be determined from the

following table according to the calculated anchor

load determined from site conditions and design

requirements.

Anchorage with Resins

RB12 18* 200 250 360 400 625

RBA16 25 225 300 480 550 850

RB20 27 250 375 600 700 1120

RB25 32 300 450 750 910 1500

RB32 40 400 575 960 1175 1950

ProductCode

Bore holediameter

(mm)

90 MpaGranite(mm)

50 MpaLimestone

(mm)

30 MpaConcrete

(mm)

14 MpaSandstone

(mm)

5 MpaMudstone

(mm)

Table 21.

Typical bond length in mm for resin anchors to achieve bar ultimate strength



TM

Soil & Rock Support

Drill and clean hole

Drill a hole with diameter in accordance with Table 18.

For deep holes it may be necessary to drill a larger hole

initially and reduce to the correct bore diameter in the

deeper region.

Remove all debris from drilled hole. Flush clean with oil-

free compressed air.

Insert Resin Cartridge

Insert the required number of resin cartridges into thehole and carefully push them to the end. If an active

anchorage is required, use the a two-speed cartridge

system which has a fast setting resin at the leading end

and slower setting resin at the tail end which sets after

pre-stress has been applied.

Insert Reidbar

Spin the Reidbar anticlockwise for right hand threaded

bar and clockwise for left hand threaded bar. Use

an electric or air drill spinning at approximately 100

RPM. With the bar spinning, push the bar through thecartridges until the bar reaches the base of the hole.

Spin for a further ten (10) seconds or shorter time if the

torque on the drill becomes excessive. Spin times are

critical. Spin too short incomplete mixing, spin too

long bar and resin interface will be destroyed. Refer to

instructions on resin cartridge packaging.

Assemble End Hardware

If the Reidbar is not perpendicular to the bearing

face a special bearer plate and spherical washer is

used. This arrangement will accommodate inclination

up to 20.

See Detail 27 below.

A bearer plate is not required when the Flange Nut

bears directly onto concrete with a compressive

strength greater than 25MPa.

A bearer plate must be used when bearing onto low

strength concrete, timber, natural soil or rock.

Apply Pre-stress Load

A pre-stress or clamping load can be applied to the

anchor once the resin has cured. Curing time varies

according to temperature and type of resin but total

pre-stress can normally be applied after five (5)

minutes. Pre-stress is applied with a hydraulic jack,

torque wrench or air wrench. Refer Frequently Asked

Questions pages 85-88.

Tension/torque relationships for Reidbar Anchors are

not consistent due to the wide range of variables.

Where tensions must be preset use a calibrated jack.

See Frequently Asked Questions pages 85-88.

Installation of Resin Anchors

Max 20

Reidbar

Reidbar Nut

Reidbar Spherical Washer

B Plate

Detail 27.



COMPANY

BACKGROUND

PR

ODUCT

CATALOGUE

ANCHORS&

FASTENERS

REIDBAR&

FITTINGS

CONCRETE

LIFTING

S

YSTEMS

NIRVANA

MODULAR

WALLCASTING

SYSTEM

CAST-IN

CHANNELS

TM

Soil & Rock Support

Nomimal

spacing (1)

(mm)

Reidbar Centralisers meet the need to keep Reidbaror similar sized steel bar central in a drilled hole inground anchoring applications. Centralisers also allowgrout and a grout tube to pass down the hole when baris installed.

Benefits

Q Easy to use

Q Robust

Q Range of sizes for common applications

Q Allows space for grout tube to be installedQ Economical

Lantern Centralised

Suitable for use on RBA16 and RB20 Reidbar sizes.

Spider Type Centralisers

Currently there are four sizes available:

RB25/32 Reidbar - 150 diam. Hole- 130 diam. Hole- 100 diam. Hole

RB20 Reidbar - 100 diam. Hole

The spider type centraliser slides onto the bar from oneend and the bar automatically aligns itself to be heldfirmly in the centre of the spacer.

The centralisers can be wired or taped in place foradditional security once correctly positioned on the bar.

The lantern centraliser is made from tough

polypropelene sheet and is supplied as a flat 220mm

x 70mm precut rectangular shape that is wired around

the bar and pushed together to form a lantern shape.

The flexibility of the material used for the lantern

centraliser means it is not critical if the lantern is

slightly larger than the hole into which it is to beinstalled.

The size of the assembled lantern can also be adjusted

to suit different diameter holes.

RB20/16 16/20 100 1500 Lantern

(1) vary spacing to suit application.

LANTERN CENTRALISER TABLE

Product

CodeBar Size

(mm)

Nom Max.

Hole

Size (mm)

Type

RB25/32/150CEN 25/32 137 150 1500 Spider

RB25/32/130CEN 25/32 117 130 1500 Spider

RB25/32/100CEN 25/32 90 100 1500 Spider

RB20/100CEN 20 90 100 1500 Spider

(1) vary spacing to suit application.

SPIDER TYPE CENTRALISER TABLE

Product Code

Nomimal

spacing(1)

(mm)

Bar

Size

(mm)

O/A

Diam

(mm)

STD

Hole

Size

(mm)

Type

Installation

Lantern centraliser wire tied to bar

Centralisers can be attached securely to the bar quicklyand effectively using wire ties.

Reidbar Centralisers

Table 22.

Table 23.



TM

Soil & Rock Support

There are several methods available to anchor

Reidbar into concrete or other homogenous

substrates. Starter bars are frequently located in

critical stress zones and consequently the following

tables are based on the NZ 3101:1995 requirement

that bars in these zones develop the full breaking

strength of the bar at the interface of the new

and old concrete. (This exceeds the less stringent

requirements of AS 3600 which suggests 1.1fy).

If starter bars are not in a critical stress zone, i.e. floortopping starters which will act mainly in shear, the

hole depths and amount of resins can be reduced.

Three common methods used to anchor Reidbar

into existing stone or concrete:

Method 1 Using Reid ChemicalCapsules

Description

Reid Chemical Capsules will anchor Reidbar into

rock, concrete or other homogeneous substrates.

The glass capsule contains a measure of resin and

hardener.

Directions for Use

1. Holes of the correct diameter and depth should bedrilled using good quality drilling equipment, e.g.

Reid Carbide Drills.

2. Clean hole thoroughly. Remove all dust & debris

from hole with oil free compressed air. Clean hole

with stiff nylon brush and blow out remaining

dust. Note that any dust left in the hole will

reduce the anchorage capacity.

3. Insert chemical capsules.

4. Ensure that Reidbar is clean and oil free and

drive into the hole using a hammer drill (on

rotation).

5. Allow resin to cure as per recomendations.

Anchoring into Existing Concrete

RB12 18 235 CAC16 2 1 hour

RBA16 25 300 CAC20 2 1 hour

Note:

1. Hole depths given achieve bar min ultimate strength of 1.15 fy

2. * Hole depths can be halved and a single Capsule used where the Reidbars are not required for strengthpurpose.

3. Hole diameter is critical to load transfer.

4. **Temperature of substrate.

Reidbar SizeHole Diameter

(mm)RecommendedHole Depth*

Capsule Number of CapsulesCuring Time@ 20C**

Table 24.

Capsule details. Note: Concrete strength min 30MPa

Detail 28.



COMPANY

BACKGROUND

PR

ODUCT

CATALOGUE

ANCHORS&

FASTENERS

REIDBAR&

FITTINGS

CONCRETE

LIFTING

S

YSTEMS

NIRVANA

MODULAR

WALLCASTING

SYSTEM

CAST-IN

CHANNELS

TM

Soil & Rock Support

Table 25.

Adhesive details. Note: Concrete strength min 30MPa

Method 2 Using Reid Ramset A7

Description

Reid offers a range of high strength epoxy and

acrylic chemical injection systems which will anchor

Reidbar into rock, concrete or other homogeneous

substrates.

All of these systems utilise cartridges with self-

mixing nozzles that automatically mix the resins and

hardeners as the product is gunned into the drilled

hole.

Directions for Use

1. Holes of the correct diameter and depth should be

drilled using good quality drilling equipment, e.g.







3. Dispense bead of adhesive off to the side of hole

to check for proper mixing (uniform colour) beforeusing. Fill hole halfway, starting from the bottom

of the hole to avoid air pockets. Withdraw nozzle

as hole fills up.


push through the adhesive until it reaches the

bottom of the hole. Slowly rotate the Reidbar

four times. Remove excess adhesive or top up as

neccessary. Do not disturb during setting time.

5. If core drills are used the hole should be

chemically etched to roughen the bore.


RB12 16 129 2 hours 57 129 35 min 73

RBA16 20 184 2 hours 30 184 35 min 39

RB20 25 230 2 hours 17 230 35 min 25

RB25 32 281 2 hours 11 281 35 min 15

RB32 40 368 2 hours 4 368 35 min 5

Note:

1. * Cure time at 20C temperature of substrate

2. The hole depths given in table 25 are the minimum to develop the minimum ultimate breaking strength ofGrade 500E bar. Designers may decide to increase the hole depth depending on consequence of pullout atlower load.

RIC500E RIC500A

Reidbar SizeHole

Diameter(mm)

Hole Depth(mm)

CuringTime*

Approx Holesper 650mlcartridge

Hole Depth(mm)

CuringTime*

Approx Holesper 825mlcartridge

Detail 29.


10/10

TM

Soil & Rock Support

Method 3 Using Non Shrink Grouts

Description

Reid offers a non shrink, medium strength grout

system which will anchor Reidbar into rock,

concrete or other homogeneous substrates.

Directions for Use

1. Holes of the correct diameter and depth should be

drilled using good quality drilling equipment, e.g.







3. Fill hole with grout to 3/4 depth, starting from the

bottom to avoid air pockets. Withdraw filling tube

as hole fills.


push through the grout until it reaches the

bottom of the hole. Slowly rotate the Reidbar

four times. Remove excess grout or top up as

neccessary. Do not disturb during setting time.

5. If core drills are used the hole should be

chemically etched to roughen the bore.


RB12 14.2 20 205 10.2 6.5 79

RBA16 18.4 25 276 10.2 6.5 141

RB20 22.5 28 384 10.2 6.5 220

RB25 28.6 35 481 10.2 6.5 344

RB32 35.9 42 656 10.2 6.5 563

Note:

1. Value extrapolated between Hemel Laboratoriesreport on Conbextra GP and Restrapo andWilkenson 1997

2. Bars O/D to edge concrete not less than 4db(Restrapo and Wilkenson SE50C V10c2 1997)

3. Bars centre to centre not less than 8db (Restrapoand Wilkenson SE50C V10c2 1997)

4. Extra care must always be taken with installationsbetween horizontal and 70 to ensure completewetting

5. Grout strength at 28 days = 65Mpa min

Also refer to Table 18. for grout capsules

Table 26.

Based on a concrete strength of 30MPa

Clay Condition

MaximumBar OD(mm)

Minimum HoleDepth to Reach

Bar UltimateStrength

(mm)

Grout toBar Bond

Stress(Mpa)

Grout toConcrete

Bond Stress(Mpa)

UltimateStrength of Bar

(kn)

RecomdHole Dia.

(mm)

Documents

Soil and Rock Support