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7/29/2019 Sociological Criticism
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SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISMNUR FATNIN IZNI AHMAD RIFQIDINA SYAFIQA ANNUR AZHAR
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Examines literature in the cultural,economic and political context in
which it is written or received.
Explores the relationships betweenthe artist and society
Evaluates how the profession of the
writer in a particular milieu(background) affected what was
written
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TYPES OF SOCIOLOGICAL
CRITICISM
Marxism
Feminism
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MARXISM
Karl Marx
1818-1883
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He formed friendship with Friedrich Engels (
1820-1895); they lived at a time when Europe
and North America was dominated by factory.
They joined the Communist League ( illegalcoalition of labour unions).followed by the
creation of The Communist Manifesto
Marx's theories about society, economics and
politics.
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In Marxs analysis, society was fundamentally
divided between classes that clash in pursuit of
their own class interest ( obvious in the factory
set-up of conflict between the exploited and the
exploiter )
Marxs significance in Sociology is profound:
emphasis on group identifications and
associations that influence an individuals placein society ( focus of contemporary sociology )
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Marxist criticism is based on the social and economictheories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Their beliefs
include the following:
Value is based on labour.
The working class will eventually overthrow the
capitalist middle class. In the meantime, the middle class exploits the working
class.
Most institutionsreligious, legal, educational, and
governmentalare corrupted by middle-classcapitalists.
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Marxist critics apply these economic and socialtheories to literature by analyzing:
Ideologies that support the elite and place the
working class at a disadvantage.
Class conflict
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To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper
Lee1. First of all there is the high class white who are above
everyone and who are considered as the wealthy.
2. The next class is the working white classes who havejobs like farming and struggle to provide like
the Cunninghams.
3. The group would be the very poor Ewells who live onarubbish dump they accept any financial help fromanyone unlike the Cunninghams who will not.
4. The lowest class in the Maycomb society isthe blacks there are of course smaller groups withinthe black community
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FEMINISM
Elaine Showalter (January 21, 1941) American
literarycritic, feminist and writer on cultural and social issues.
One of the founders of feminist literary criticism in
United
States academia, developing the concept andpractice
Feminist criticism grew out of the womens movementthatfollowed World War II.
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Feminist critics analyze the role of gender in worksof literature.
Two purposes of feminist criticism: Feminist critique: The analysis of works by male
authors (depiction of womens writing)
Gynocriticism: The study of womens writing
Agreeing that womans literature lay as the
central concern for feminist criticism BUTrejected the concept of an essential femaleidentity and style
Example: Trifles by Susan Glaspell
Responsible for recovering neglected works by
women authors through the ages and creating acanon of womens writing.
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THE END