Society

Social change

TechnologyTechnology ConflictConflict Rational thoughtRational thought Social BondsSocial Bonds

Technology & Social Change

Lenski’sLenski’s ““Sociocultural evolution” occurs when Sociocultural evolution” occurs when

society acquires new technologysociety acquires new technology

Hunting & Gathering societies

Bow & arrow and stone knifeBow & arrow and stone knife

Horticultural societies

Hoe & digging stickHoe & digging stick

Pastoral societies

Domesticated animalsDomesticated animals

Agrarian societies

PlowPlow Large scale farmingLarge scale farming Created Created

CitiesCities Greater specializationGreater specialization Use of moneyUse of money

Early walled cities – China Top of wall

Early walled cities – China Door to the city

Early walled cities – China Bell to sound trouble

Walled city of Rhodes (Greece)

Walled city of Rhodes Note dry mote between two walls protecting the city.

Industrial societies

Sociology developsSociology develops

Postindustrial

ComputersComputers Information basedInformation based

Conflict & social Change

Karl MarxKarl Marx Production of goodsProduction of goods

Major force that changes societyMajor force that changes society

False consciousness

Beliefs that supported the capitalistic Beliefs that supported the capitalistic economic systemeconomic system

Individual, not society are responsible for Individual, not society are responsible for problemsproblems

Substitute class consciousnessSubstitute class consciousness

Class consciousness

Workers as a class against capitalistsWorkers as a class against capitalists

Alienation

Workers were alienated from:Workers were alienated from: The act of workingThe act of working Products of workProducts of work Other workersOther workers

Worker isolation and misery resulting from Worker isolation and misery resulting from powerlessnesspowerlessness

Capitalism blamed for alienationCapitalism blamed for alienation

Rational Thought & Social Change Max WeberMax Weber Ideas, beliefs, values change societyIdeas, beliefs, values change society

Rationalization of Society

Used ideal types to compare societies at Used ideal types to compare societies at different times in historydifferent times in history

Preindustrial = tradition basedPreindustrial = tradition based Postindustrial = Rational thoughtPostindustrial = Rational thought

Social Bonds & social change

DurkheimDurkheim Mechanical SolidarityMechanical Solidarity

Based on traditionBased on tradition Organic SolidarityOrganic Solidarity

Based on specializationBased on specialization Produces anomie (little moral guidance)Produces anomie (little moral guidance)