Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Essential Question:
In what ways do people acquire acceptable behavior?
Think & Discuss:Think of a fairy tale from your childhood.
What elements of socialization does the story have?
How does this help to socialize children?
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Learning Focus• What are the primary agents of socialization in the United States?
• What are the two kinds of resocialization?
Main Idea
There are four primary agents of socialization in the United States:
family, peer group, school, and the mass media.
In some cases, people may undergo voluntary or involuntary
resocialization.
Agents of Socialization
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Sociologists use the term agents of
socialization to describe the specific
individuals, groups, and institutions that
enable socialization to take place.
Primary Agents of SocializationPrimary Agents of Socialization
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Primary Agents of SocializationPrimary Agents of Socialization
• Most importantMost important agent in most societies
• Usually the firstfirst agent
• Can be intentional intentional or unintentionalunintentional
Example: parents say “be kind,” but then model unkind behavior
• Reflects Reflects the social groups family belongs to
Example: subculture, religion, ethnicity, social class, region
The FamilyThe Family
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Primary Agents of SocializationPrimary Agents of Socialization
• Composed of individuals of roughly equal age and similar social characteristics
• Particularly important during pre-teen pre-teen and early early teen teen years
• Socialization focuses on values of the peer grouppeer group
The Peer GroupThe Peer Group
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Primary Agents of SocializationPrimary Agents of Socialization
• The norms and values of the family reflect the culture, but the norms and values of the peer group reflect the subculture
• The “clashing” of values can cause conflict and concern in the family
The Peer Group (cont)The Peer Group (cont)
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
The School The School
• Planned activities Planned activities for the deliberate purpose of teaching skills
• Students learn acceptable behaviors acceptable behaviors and critical-thinking skills critical-thinking skills to discern and interact socially
• Extracurricular activities Extracurricular activities intended to prepare for a life in society
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
The School (cont)The School (cont)
• Transmit cultural valuesTransmit cultural values
Examples: citizenship, honesty, patriotism, etc.
• Unintentional Unintentional socialization comes from teachers and peer groups
Example: following the bad habits of a peer or adult
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Mass MediaMass Media
• Mass mediaMass media: instruments of communication that reach large audiences without personal contact between those sending and those receiving the information, such as films, television, and radio
• Television Television is most common mass media
• Both positive and negative behaviors and beliefs are learned from television
• What are some positive examples? Negative examples?
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Mass Media (cont)Mass Media (cont)• The average child watches The average child watches 21.5 hours 21.5 hours of TV a week.
• The American schoolchild spends 900 hours 900 hours a year in school, and 1100 hours 1100 hours a year watching TV
Negatives•Increased exposure to violence and other age-inappropriate material
•Studies show increased aggression and desensitizing to violence
Positives•Increased exposure to information and the world
•Broadens viewers’ knowledge
•Immediate connection to the world and events in it
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Answer: family
Find the Main Idea
Which agent of socialization is the most important?
Reading Check
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Resocialization involves a break with past experiences
and the learning of new values and norms.
• Individuals choose to assume a new status
• Examples include going to college
Voluntary Resocialization
Resocialization
• Often occurs in total institutions, or a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society
• Examples include joining the military
Involuntary Resocialization
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Answer: Voluntary resocialization is chosen by the individual; involuntary resocialization is against the person’s will and is often in a total institution.
Contrast
In what ways do voluntary and involuntary resocialization differ?
Reading Check
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socialization Around the WorldPrimary agents of socialization—family, peer group, education, and mass media—tend to be the same in different cultures. The importance of each can vary across cultures, however.
Cultural Diversity and Sociology
• Some East Asian cultures emphasize the importance of education.
• “Cram schools” claim to help students get accepted to top schools.
• The Amish of North America control education closely.
• Amish children are isolated from modern mass media.
• Television arrived in the South Pacific nation of Fiji in 1995.
• The body image of teen girls changed dramatically after being exposed to American, British, and Australian television.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Thinking Critically• How are the Amish and East Asian approaches to
education similar to each other? How are they different?
• Are some agents of socialization more important than others in your culture? Explain.
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
A Personality for Every Occasion
What is your personality and how is it displayed in different social settings?
• In this simulation, you will explore two pieces of your personality: traits you have inherited and behaviors you have learned.
• Write an essay describing your personality and its sources.
1. Introduction
Simulation: Applying What You’ve Learned
• Create a time line of your life that includes important events and how they changed your life and personality.
• Compare your personality to other family members, and write an essay describing yours.
2. Personality Analysis
Socializing the Individual
Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
3. Role-play Social Situations
• Use a series of scenarios to examine how your personality is displayed in different social situations.
• As a pair with a classmate, create conversations that display your personality.
4. Discussion
• Hold a group discussion about what you and your classmates learned during this exercise.
• Discuss the ways in which your personality has been shaped by both nature and nurture.
• How does socialization help the world to run smoothly?
Simulation (cont.)
