Social Studies Student warm-up: definition, own words, sketch, and 3 association words

Vocabulary Builder

Social Studies Student warm-up: definition, own words, sketch, and 3 association words

Vocabulary Words and Definition…

pollution: contamination of oil, soil, water, or air

environment: conditions surrounding a person (people, place)

petroleum: crude oil found in naturearable: land suitable for farmingclimate: weather conditions in an area

over a long period of timepoverty: condition of having little/no

money or means of support


rural: living in the country/on a farmurban: living in the cityexports: goods/products shipped out of a

countryimports: goods/products brought into a

countrytourism: business of providing tours and

services for travelersagriculture: business of producing crops

or raising livestock


border: line separating political or geographic boundaries

coastline: shape or boundary of a coast where land meets water

manufacture: to process raw materials into finished products

communist: member of a Marxist-Leninist party; believes in socialist system, government controls all

Vocabulary Words and Definition…blackout: stopping use of electricity

causing no lighting in a regionindustry: commercial production or sale of

goods and servicemulattoes: mixed ancestry, blending

European and African groupsmestizos: mixed ancestry, blending

European and Native American groupsliteracy: ability to read and writestandard of living: “economic level”

achieved by a person, family, or country


colony: emigrants that settle in a distant land but remain connected to the parent country

unitary: central government operates all levels of government in the country

confederation: group of countries sign a treaty and agree to defend each other, to sign treaties with other countries, to trade with other countries, and/or to use a common currency.


federal: power is divided between the central government and small divisions, such as states (United States, Brazil)

democracy: comes from the Greek words demos (meaning “people”) and kratos (meaning “power”)/ people have power

oligarchy: type of government is “rule by a few”

presidential: system where citizens elect members of legislature and chief executive known as the president


parliamentary: system, citizens elect members of parliament called MPs. MPs choose a leader called the prime minister. (Canada)

chief executive: heads the military, enforces laws, and keeps the country running day to day

head of state: symbolic leader of a country (king or queen)

prime minister: chief executive of a country


representative democracy: citizens of a country elect the

direct democracy: requires a vote by all citizens for every decision by the government.

monarchy: rule by a king or queenautocracy: single ruler with unlimited

power


scarcity: A limited of supply of something.

economic System: The way a country decides what goods and services will be produced, how they will be produced, and who will consume them.

traditional Economy: An economy in which customs and habits of the past decide what and how goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed.

quota: A limit placed on the number of imports that may enter a country.


command Economy: An economy in which centralized planning groups decide what and how goods and services will be produced, distributed, and consumed.

market Economy: An economy in which changes in price guide what and how goods and services will be produced, distributed, and consumed.

free Enterprise: A decentralized market economy.


free Economy: Describes an economy where businesses can operate without too many rules from the government.

capitalism: A decentralized market economy.

laissez-faire: (French) A decentralized market economy.

Words through September 28… Will be updated as we go…


specialized: factory has “division of labor”; each worker an expert of his part

entrepreneur: people who risk their own money and resources to develop a business idea

centralized: bring under one central authority

decentralized: distribute functions among several local authorities


demand: commodity that people are ready and able to buy

supply: product available for purchase at a given price

economic system: determines how to use resources to meet basic needs

embargo: government order stopping trade with another country


tariff: tax on importscurrency: money people use to make

trade easier

Words through October 5… Will be updated as we go…


trade barriers: countries limit trade by creating penalties on other countries

NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement between U.S., Canada, and Mexico- removed all tariffs on trade goods

exchange rate: price of one nation’s currency in terms of another nation’s currency (comparing value)

GDP: Gross Domestic Product- total value of all goods/services produced in 1 year


human capital: investing in education, training, health of workers

physical capital: investing in factories, machines, technology, buildings, and property for a business to work

human resources: are the education and skills people have to produce goods and services

capital resources: are things, machines and equipment, that people need to produce goods and services

VOCABULARY WORDS AND DEFINITION… 2nd Nine Weeks…. natural resources: “gifts of nature”--

forests, minerals, water, etc. income: money made from selling goods

and services expenses: costs related to doing business profit: money left over after paying

expenses

VOCABULARY WORDS AND DEFINITION… savings: income not spent budget: spending-and-savings plan for an

individual or corporation investment: putting money aside now in

order to receive benefits in the future interest: a fee paid for the use of money Words through October 19… Will be updated as we go…

VOCABULARY WORDS AND DEFINITION… Nahautl: Aztec language spoken by

thousands of people in Mexico conquistador: Spanish conqueror Quechua: Inca language still spoken today

in Mexico viceroy: governor of a colony/region

VOCABULARY WORDS AND DEFINITION… indigenous: native people of a region Columbian Exchange: exchange of plants,

animals, and disease between the Old World and the New World and from the New World to the Old World

Words through October 24… (Oct. 25, 26– map tasks)

Will be updated as we go…

Famous people of Latin America…Hernan Cortes – Spanish conquistador,

famous for conquering the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1519-1521.

Montezuma II – Aztec ruler from about 1500 to 1520. He was ruler when their land was invaded by the Spanish.

Francisco Pizarro – Spanish conquistador, famous for conquering the Inca Empire in South America between 1531 – 1533.

Atahualpa – last ruler of the Inca Empire

Famous people of Latin America…Toussaint L’Ouverture – famous black

freedom fighter. He was a major leader of the slave revolts in Saint Dominigue. (today Haiti)

Simon Bolivar – Leader in the wars for independence in South America. Lead people in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela against Spanish rule.

Miguel Hidalgo – father of Mexican independence. a priest who led a peasant army against the Spanish army.

Famous Europeans…Beethoven – (1770-1827) greatest

composer, overcame handicap of deafness to create glorious music.

Winston Churchill – (1874-1965) prime minister of British parliament in 1940. Led England during German bombings, famous for his speeches.

Anne Frank – (1929-1944) Holocaust victim, Jewish girl, wrote a diary of her experiences. Her diary is a published book read by students today.

Vocabulary…traditional economy – An economy

in which customs and habits of the past decide what and how goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed.

command economy – An economy in which centralized planning groups decide what and how goods and services will be produced, distributed, and consumed.

Vocabulary…market economy – An economy

in which changes in price guide what and how goods and services will be produced, distributed, and consumed.

mixed economy – an economy that blends characteristics of both command and market economies, but falls closer to one form or the other.

Vocabulary… (Jan. 2013)

cartography – the art and science of mapmaking

crusades – long series of battles starting in 1095 between Christians of Europe and the Muslims to gain control of Palestine

empire – a system in which a central power controls a number of territories

Documents

Social Studies Student warm-up: definition, own words, sketch, and 3 association words