Social StudiesSocial StudiesRoads, Rivers, and RailsRoads, Rivers, and Rails

Chapter 15Chapter 15Lesson 2Lesson 2

TravelTravel

StagecoachStagecoach-large horse-drawn -large horse-drawn carriage that carried passengers, carriage that carried passengers, baggage, and mail.baggage, and mail.

Steam engineSteam engine-used energy from -used energy from steam to power its enginesteam to power its engine

Canoes, flat-bottom boats, and log Canoes, flat-bottom boats, and log raftsrafts

stagecoachstagecoach steam enginesteam engine

flat-bottom boatflat-bottom boat

InventorsInventors Robert Fulton created a steamboat. Robert Fulton created a steamboat.

His boat used a steam engine and His boat used a steam engine and two large paddle wheels. It was two large paddle wheels. It was called the called the Clermont.Clermont.

The steamboat took a 150-mile trip The steamboat took a 150-mile trip from N.Y. City to Albany in 32 hours, from N.Y. City to Albany in 32 hours, whereas a flat-bottom boat took 8-11 whereas a flat-bottom boat took 8-11 days for the same trip.days for the same trip.

InventorsInventors

DeWitt Clinton dreamed of a canal DeWitt Clinton dreamed of a canal (human-built waterway) to link the (human-built waterway) to link the Hudson River in New York City to the Hudson River in New York City to the Great Lakes.Great Lakes.

It took 8 years to build the Erie Canal It took 8 years to build the Erie Canal and it was finished in 1825. Before and it was finished in 1825. Before this, shipping over land from Lake this, shipping over land from Lake Erie to N.Y. City took 20 days and Erie to N.Y. City took 20 days and cost $100 a ton. Now it took 8 days cost $100 a ton. Now it took 8 days at $10 a ton.at $10 a ton.

InventorsInventors

Peter Cooper replaced horses with an Peter Cooper replaced horses with an “iron horse”-a steam locomotive.“iron horse”-a steam locomotive.

The 1The 1stst railroad cars had to be put on railroad cars had to be put on with horses. Cooper named his with horses. Cooper named his engine “Tom Thumb.” When up engine “Tom Thumb.” When up against a horse-drawn coach-it lost. against a horse-drawn coach-it lost. However, it still proved steam However, it still proved steam engines could haul large loads long engines could haul large loads long distances.distances.

Social StudiesSocial StudiesMoving to TexasMoving to Texas

Chapter 15Chapter 15Lesson 3Lesson 3

Texas FeverTexas Fever

The 1The 1stst Europeans to set foot in Texas were Europeans to set foot in Texas were Spanish explorers.Spanish explorers.

Texas was a part of the Spanish territory Texas was a part of the Spanish territory of Mexico.of Mexico.

During the 1820’s and 30’s U.S. farmers During the 1820’s and 30’s U.S. farmers found that land cost less in Texas. found that land cost less in Texas. (some (some of the land was free!)of the land was free!)

As the number of American immigrants As the number of American immigrants increased, leaders of Mexico’s government increased, leaders of Mexico’s government worried they would lose Texas.worried they would lose Texas.

““Gone to Texas”Gone to Texas” Texas had cheap fertile land.Texas had cheap fertile land. In exchange for the right to settle in In exchange for the right to settle in

Texas, the Mexican government had Texas, the Mexican government had certain requirements for the Americans:certain requirements for the Americans:– 1. become Mexican citizens 1. become Mexican citizens – 2. join the Roman Catholic Church2. join the Roman Catholic Church– 3. speak Spanish3. speak Spanish

Mexico’s leaders hoped these rules would Mexico’s leaders hoped these rules would make Americans loyal to Mexico rather make Americans loyal to Mexico rather than the U.S.than the U.S.

In 1835 about 1400 Mexican troops rode In 1835 about 1400 Mexican troops rode to Texas-they were sent by Mexico’s to Texas-they were sent by Mexico’s president Antonio Santa Anna.president Antonio Santa Anna.

Texas and Mexico both formed armies. In Texas and Mexico both formed armies. In December 1835, the Texas Army had December 1835, the Texas Army had defeated the Mexican Army and had taken defeated the Mexican Army and had taken control of the control of the AlamoAlamo (an old Spanish (an old Spanish mission that had been changed into a mission that had been changed into a fort).fort).

About 187-257 were at the Alamo and About 187-257 were at the Alamo and Mexican soldiers broke through and Mexican soldiers broke through and attacked the fort on Mar. 6, 1836.attacked the fort on Mar. 6, 1836.

Sam Houston was the general of the Texas Sam Houston was the general of the Texas army.army.

He trained 750 soldiers and they surprised He trained 750 soldiers and they surprised Santa Anna near the San Jacinto River.Santa Anna near the San Jacinto River.

They shouted “Remember the Alamo!” They shouted “Remember the Alamo!” and defeated the Mexican force.and defeated the Mexican force.

The battle lasted 18 min., but it ended the The battle lasted 18 min., but it ended the war.war.

Sam Houston was elected the 1Sam Houston was elected the 1stst president of the Republic of Texas.president of the Republic of Texas.

Andrew Jackson was a friend of Andrew Jackson was a friend of Houston’s and Houston asked if Houston’s and Houston asked if Texas could join the U.S., but Jackson Texas could join the U.S., but Jackson declined.declined.

In 1845 Texas became our country’s In 1845 Texas became our country’s 2828thth state-”the Lonestar State”. state-”the Lonestar State”.