Social Statification by Farzana Mahbub Www.eucse11.Co.cc

8/6/2019 Social Statification by Farzana Mahbub Www.eucse11.Co.cc

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Contents

This Presentation contains

* What do we understand by stratification

.r Systems of stratification

.:. PersPectives on stratification

.:. Feminization of PovertY

.i Underclass

.r Life chances

.r Social MobilitY

1.{

t..I

Course Name: Introductionto SocloEogY

{E

Topic: Soclal $tratification

By

Ms. Farzana Mahbub



r its values, a society may assign people todistinr:tive ranks based on their religiousknowledge, skill in hunting, beauty,tradirig expeftise, oi' abiiity tO providehealtir care.

s Stra;ification is a crucial subject ofsoc ological investigation because of its

per',rasive influence on human interactionsanrj institutions. It results inevitably insor:ial inequality, because certain groupsof pecple stand higher in social rankings,cc ntrol scarce resources/ wield power, and

r receive treatment. Theconsequences of stratification are evidentin the unequal distribution of both wealthand income in industrial societies. Theterm income refers to salaries and wages.In contrast, wealth is an inclusive term

encompassing all a person's materialassets, including land, stocks, and othertypes of propefi.



! Slavery has varied in the way it has beenpracticed. In ancient Greece, the mainsource of slaves was piracy and captivesof war.

r Although succeeding generations couldinherit slave status, it was not necessarilypermanent. In contrast, in the UnitedStates and Latin

America, where slaverywas an ascribed status, racial and legalbarriers prevented the freeing of slaves.

; Today, the Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights, which is binding on allmembers of the United Nations, prohibitsslavery in all its forms. yet around theworld, millions of people still live as slaves.Slavery also exists in Europe and theUnited States, where guest workers and

illegal immigrants have been forced tolabor for years under terrible conditions,either to pay off debts or to avoid beingturned over to immigration authorities.



categorizes about 1 to 2

the

usive clubs andlhe lower class,

20 to 25 Percent

i work or must make

paying 6ork. This class lacks both wt

inion,e and is too weak politically to

in this model are

the lower-middle cl

such as doctors,They pafticiPate

and take leadershiP roles

class,

35

affluent ofessionals (such \.5:lem-entarhers and nurses), owners of smaschooland a sizable number of clerical



Perspectives on Stratification: Sociologists have hotly debated stratification

and social inequality and have reachedvarying conclusions. On theorist stressed thesignificance of class for society-and for socialchange-rnore strongly than Karl Manx. Marxviewed class differentiation as the crucialdeterminant of social, economic, and politicalinequality. In contrast, Max Weber

questioned Marx's emphasis on theoverriding importance of the economicsector/ and argued that stratification shouldbe viewed as having many dimensions.

Karl Marx's View of ClassDifferentiation

r Mary was concerned with stratification in

all types of human societies. But his mainfocus was on the effects of economicinequality on all aspects of 19h-century

.Europe. The plight of the working class

made him feel that it was imperative tostrive for changes in the class structure ofsociety.



/,

r According to Marx, exploitation ofproletariat will inevitably lead todestruction of the capitalist system,because the workers will revolt. But first,the working class must develop class

consciousnessa subjective awareness ofcommon vested interests and the need forcollective political action to bring about

r For Marx, class consciousness was paft of d

collective process in which the proletariat

comes to identify the bourgeoisie as the

source of its oppression. Revolutionary

leaders will guide the working class in its

struggle. Ultimately, the proletariat with over

throw the rule of both the bourgeoisie and

the government and will eliminate private

ownership of the means ofproduction.

InMarx's rather utopian view, classes and

oppression with gease to exist in the post

revot utionary worIdGES .tT-v

thethe

social change.

Incontrast, the class-

conscious worker realizes that all workersare being exploited by the bourgeoisie,and have a common stake in revolution.



('

Social Mobitityr The term social mobility refers to the

movement of individuals or groupsflom

^one position in u ,oli.ry,,

stratification system to another. Forexample, the poor peopie

maybecome rich, farmers rnay becomeministers, a petty businessman maybecome a big industrialist and so on.

Kinds of Sociat Mobility.. Social mobility is of two types:(i)

YSfiggt Social Mobitty, unO 1ii1 Horizontat SociatMobitity. pitirim Sorokin'-td # nr#'-slciiogisr todistinguish berween horizontafind-".,ti..i

#o'iil.(0 Vertical Mobility refers to the movement of people ofroups from one status to anotner. ti iiiilr[i cnange,!^gtltt,,occlpation o! porygr. For example, the

rnovement of oeoole froh.r the poor iiuri" to themiddle- class, frbm 'theo.fupation of the laborers tothat of the bank crerrs-, rioln-i[; ;il; Jo's"ition orthe opposition to that ofthe,uting-ciJss*' """

contd.



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Social Statification by Farzana Mahbub Www.eucse11.Co.cc