Social Due Diligence Report

July 2016

SRI: Southern Road Connectivity Project Ambatale to Cinec Junction

Prepared by Ministry of Higher Education and Highways, Road Development Authority for the Government of Sri Lanka and the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 26 July 2016)

Currency unit – Sri Lankan rupees SLR1.00 = $ 0.006854

$1.00 = SLR 145.90

ABBREVIATIONS

CINEC - Colombo International Nautical and Engineering College HCBT - Horizon College of Business and Technology DSD - Divisional Secretary Division GND - Grama Niladhari Divisions MIT - Millenium Information Technologies NFTII - Dr. Neville Fernando Teaching Hospital SAITM - South Asian Institute of Technology and Medicine SLIIT - Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology

This social due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CONTENTS

I. SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION .................................................................................... 1 A. Socioeconomic Situation in Colombo District ........................................................ 1 B. Socioeconomic situations in Kolonnawa Divisional Secretary Division ................. 4

II. PUBLIC CONSULTATION WITH RESIDENTS LIVING CLOSED TO THE PROPOSED ROAD SECTION ............................................................................................................ 9

III. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF NEIGHBOURING AREA ........................................... 13 A. Horizon College of Business and Technology (HCBT) ...................................... 14 B. Colombo International Nautical and Engineering College (CINEC) ................... 14 C. Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology (SLIIT) ........................................ 15 D. South Asian Institute of Technology and Medicine (SAITM) and Dr. Neville

Fernando Teaching Hospital (NFTII) ................................................................. 15 E. Millenium Information Technologies (MIT) ......................................................... 16

IV. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ................................................................................................ 17 V. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 17 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Population distribution of Colombo district by sex ......................................................... 1 Table 2: Economically active population in Colombo District ...................................................... 1 Table 3: Distribution of employment among economic sectors in Colombo District .................... 2 Table 4: Household income and expenditure in Colombo District ............................................... 2 Table 5: Population distribution by ethnic groups in Colombo District ......................................... 3 Table 6: Populations (5 years and over) by educational attainments .......................................... 3 Table 7: Household by tenure .................................................................................................... 4 Table 8: Administrative divisions traversed by Project road ........................................................ 5 Table 9: Population of Kolonnawa Divisional Secretary Division and affected Grama Niladari Divisions .................................................................................................................................... 6 Table 10: Employment status of the population of Kolonnawa DSD and the affected Grama Niladari Divisions - Over 15 years .............................................................................................. 6 Table 11: Population by educational attainments over 5 years of age Kolonnawa DSD and Affected GNDS .......................................................................................................................... 7 Table 12: Housing Unit by type of Structure of Kolonnawa DS division and GNDs ..................... 7 Table 13: Households by tenure by DSD and GNDs .................................................................. 7 Table 14: Kolonnawa DSD population by ethnic distribution....................................................... 8 Table 15: Distribution of ethnic communities in affected three GNDs ......................................... 9

1

I. SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION

1. The objective of this Project is to improve the transport efficiency of the road network in the eastern area of Colombo city, mainly within Kolonnawa and Kaduwela Divisional Secretary Divisions, connecting New Colombo-Kandy Road (B263) and Colombo-Hanwella Road (AB10), otherwise known as the former low-line road from Colombo to Ratnapura through an available shortest distance link. The expected traffic efficiency reduces present traffic congestion along the above two roads, and thereby assists economic and social development, particularly in the Project affected area first, and subsequently in the whole country. There are two access points (one at Kaduwela on Colombo-Hanwella Road (AB 010), and the other at Kotalawapura on New Kandy road) connecting to Outer Circular Expressway located nearby, within 2 Km distance for each access point. In addition to improving traffic efficiency in the Project area, the proposed road from Ambatale (Ch.0+000) to end of the existing gravel road (at Ch.1+883) leading to CINEC Junction (at Ch.4+233) enhances the accessibility of Project area traffic to the country’s expressway network.

A. Socioeconomic Situation in Colombo District

Table 1: Population distribution of Colombo district by sex

District Total population Males Females

Sri Lanka 20,359,439 9,856,634 10,502,805

Colombo district 2,324,349 1,140,472 1,183,877 Source: Census of Population and Housing-2012

2. Out of the Sri Lankan total population of 20,359,439, Colombo District population consists of 2,324,349 persons with 1,140,472 males and 1,183,877 females. At National level and Colombo District level, the female population slightly exceeds their counterpart male population, with 93 and 96 sex ratios (number of males for 100 females) respectively at National and Colombo District levels. Colombo District accounts for 11.42% of the total population of the country. 3. Below Table presents the economically active population in Colombo District with corresponding information at National level.

Table 2: Economically active population in Colombo District (Population over 15 years of age)

District Total Employed Unemployed Economically not active

Sri Lanka 15,227,773 7,335,432 521,938 7,370,403

Colombo District 1,820,445 904,028 44,665 871,752 Source: Census of Population and Housing-2012

4. As per above information, while rate of unemployment at national level stands at 3.4%, Colombo district unemployment rate has become 2.5%, representing less unemployment in the district. Economically inactive population includes, children under 15 years of age, adult population over 60 years of age, and voluntary unemployed populations, including housewives and similar categories. As per this information, while 36.2% of the Sri Lankan population is economically dependent, Colombo district has 37.5% economically dependent population, showing a greater similarity with regard to economic dependency between the two sets of population.

2

5. The sector composition of economies represents the level of economic development and socioeconomic dynamics of the concerned economies. One of the indicators commonly used to show comparative significance of economic sectors is to measure the size of labor force employed in different sectors. As reported by Labor Force Survey, Annual Bulletin 2014 (Dept. of Census and Statistics), the distribution of employment among key economic sectors in Colombo District is presented below showing the Sri Lankan country situation for a comparison with the situation of Colombo District in the following Table 3.

Table 3: Distribution of employment among economic sectors in Colombo District

District Agriculture sector (%) Industrial sector (%) Service sector (%)

Sri Lanka 28.5 26.5 45.0

Colombo 1.6 30.3 68.2 Source: Labor Force Survey, Annual Bulletin, 2014 (Dept. of Census and Statistics)

6. The above table confirms the general understanding that when a particular economy advances, the relative importance of agriculture sector decreases (especially when agriculture sector has a strong subsistence agriculture base) and the contribution of industrial and service sectors increase. This view is represented with a small agriculture sector employment amounting to 1.6% share in Colombo District total employment while the same sector employment contributes for 28.5% share in the overall employment at National level. Similarly, Colombo District has an industrial sector with 30.3% employment of the total employment in the district, while industrial sector at National level accounts for 26.5% of the total national labor force, showing a relative downfall of the industrial sector in comparison to Colombo District. 7. Like many other middle level developing countries and also developed countries, Sri Lanka is experiencing a growing service sector with the recent expansion of government services (education, health, military services, etc.) and commercial sector services in the areas of money and banking, transport and communication, etc. In Sri Lanka at national level service sector employment accounts for 45.0% of the total employment while Colombo District’s service sector employment has reached to 68.2% of the total district employment. As such, out of 10 workers almost seven workers are employed by the service sector. The large service sector in Colombo District is related to the location of the national commercial capital in the district and its forward and backward linkages with the rest of the economy. Service sector requires more employees than the other two sectors per unit of production and the sector has heavy demand for services like housing, education, health, transport, etc. 8. After considering district level macroeconomic situations, it is necessary to pay attention for micro level considerations, like household income and expenditure levels for assessing economic situations of people or given areas. Table No.4 below shows district level household income and expenditure.

Table 4: Household income and expenditure in Colombo District

District Mean monthly household

income (SLR)

Mean monthly household

expenditure (SLR)

Food and drink expenditure

ratio (%)

Non-food

ratio (%)

Sri Lanka 45,878 41,444 37.8 62.2

Colombo 77,723 63,030 30.5 69.5 Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey – Final Report 2012/13 (Department of Census and Statistics)

3

9. Sri Lanka’s national level household income is reported as Rs45,878 during 2012/13 surveyed years, with a large deviations from Colombo District values. For an example, Colombo District monthly household income goes up to Rs77,723 showing 1.7 times increase from the National average. Income level analysis alone is not sufficient to make assessments on household economic status. It is necessary to consider expenditure situation of households also to complete the overall scenario. As per the above table, while Colombo District household monthly expenditure is around Rs63,030, Sri Lankan National household monthly expenditure becomes Rs41, 444 with an upward deviation of Rs21,586 or 52.0% from the National level. These household income and expenditure values show the economically better off position of Colombo District population in comparison to National level. In addition, Colombo District households spend only 30.5% of their income for food and drink (basic consumption items), leaving almost 70% of the income to meet other needs, required for higher level of consumption or investment. At National level only 62.2% of income is available for households for these purposes. As such, the ratio of non-food expenditure and the standard of living have a positive relationship; ratio of non-food expenditure is higher, the standard of living too becomes higher.

Table 5: Population distribution by ethnic groups in Colombo District (Percentage values in parenthesis)

Area Total Sinhala SL Tamil Indian Tamil SL Moor Other

Sri Lanka 20,359,439 (100.00)

15,250,081 (74.90)

2,269,266 (11.15)

839,504 (4.12)

1,892,638 (9.30)

107,860 (0.53)

Colombo 2,324,349 (100.00)

1,778,971 (76.54)

235,090 (10.11)

24,289 (1.04)

249,609 (10.74)

36,390 (1.57)

Source: Census of Population and Housing-2012

10. As per the above presentation in Table 5, Sinhalese is the major ethnic community representing 74.90% of the total population at National level. The National level population consists of 15.27% Tamil population (Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils both) and 9.30 Sri Lankan Moor populations. The ethnic distribution of population in Colombo District is similar to the National level ethnic distribution values. 11. Educational attainments of populations provide important insights in the assessment of socioeconomic situations in the areas under considerations. The following table presents this information.

Table 6: Populations (5 years and over) by educational attainments

Area Total Primary Secondary GCE(OL) GCE (AL) Degree and above

No schooling

Sri Lanka 18,615,577 4,390,536 7,571,816 3,159,402 2,293,841 499,563 700,419

Colombo 2,157,744 352,475 745,173 478,323 407,018 122,334 52,421 Source: Census of Population and Housing-2012

12. At National level nearly 32% of the population has education attainments above secondary level education, and Colombo District education attainments have overtaken this achievement with 48% of its population having educational attainments above the secondary level. While ‘No schooling’ population accounts for 3.8% of the total Sri Lankan population, Colombo District ‘No schooling’ population accounts only for 2.4% of its population. 13. The following table presents information on households by tenure which forms an important consideration in resettlement planning exercises.

4

Table 7: Household by tenure

Area Total Owned by Household

member

Rent/ Lease Govt.

owned

Rent/ Lease

privately owned

Rent free occupied

Encroached

Other

Sri Lanka 5,264,282 4,365,190 116,871 330,410 328,346 68,650 54,815

Colombo 572,475 427,264 24,830 90,417 17,221 7,478 5,265 Source: Census of Population and Housing-2012

14. A large number of households are owned by householders themselves, amounting to 83% of the total household at National level and 74.6% of Colombo District households. It is understood that in large metropolitan areas like Colombo District a large number of residents don’t have ownership for their premises, and more people are found with living on rented/encroached premises.

B. Socioeconomic situations in Kolonnawa Divisional Secretary Division

15. After considering the socioeconomic situation at Project affected district in a wider perspective, it is necessary to assess socioeconomic situation at a closer level than the district level, like the Divisional Secretary Division. The proposed section of Project road completely falls within the Kolonnawa Divisional Secretary Division of the Colombo District. The location map of the project road is given below.

5

Table 8: Administrative divisions traversed by Project road [Ambatale to Ch.1+833 towards CINEC junction]

District Divisional Secretary

Division (DSD)

Local Government Body Grama Niladhari Divisions (GNDs)

Colombo Kolonnawa Mulleriyawa-Kotikawatta Pradeshiya Sabawa

Kolonnawa Urban Council (This local council is located within Kolonnawa DSD, but no direct administration or locational/operational relationship with the project road)

Rajasinghagama, 502C Maligagodella, 502 B Udumulla North, 502

16. Kolonnawa Divisional Secretarial Division is located on the eastern boundary of the city of Colombo, bounded by Kelani River and Kelaniya DSD on the North and North-West, Kaduwela DSD on the East and South East, Colombo Municipal Council area to the West, and Kotte-Jayawardanapura Municipal Council area towards South and South East. 17. Most part of the Kolonnawa DSD area is located within the flood plain of Kelani River, and a large area is below the mean sea level. In the Kolonnawa Urban Council area alone, which is the heartland of the division, the area below mean sea level accounts for nearly 70% of the land area (Urban Council administration records). The low-lying area of the South Kelani River is protected by a flood protection bund (Harward Bound) to protect Colombo from flooding, and subsequently the southern area is protected and development activities have taken place. The Northern area of the bound is not protected from frequent flooding and therefore extensive development activities seem not to have taken place. Frequent flooding and the location of a large low-lying area have restricted the land available for development and residential purposes. 18. The location of Kolonnawa DSD to the east of Baseline Road and its accessibility to Colombo-Kandy Road, Colombo Port and Colombo-Avissawella (old low-lying road from Colombo to Ratnapura) have made a strategic importance of the division in managing and distributing wholesale transportation of goods within the country and export and import transportation. The construction of a wholesale stores complex at Orugodawatta, including relocation of Chalmers granaries (main food granaries located adjoining to Colombo Port) and several warehouses near to Baseline Road in Urugodawatta within the DSD, show that the division has become a center of originating and terminating wholesale good flows related to the import and export trade. The construction of the Project road strengthens the capacity of handling wholesale goods in this strategically important area. 19. The area also accommodates a large population working in Colombo city, mainly consisting of low income working population historically engaged in port related activities as the area has been developed as a ‘backyard’ of Colombo city. Over the years the division has been characteristic with the accommodation of non-residential activities such as stores, warehouses, container yards, electricity sub-stations, petroleum oil storages tank complexes, etc. The Government Factory which manufactures government departments’ required industrial goods is also located in the division and it has a long history going back to colonial days.

6

Table 9: Population of Kolonnawa Divisional Secretary Division and affected Grama Niladari Divisions

Area Total Male Female

Sri Lanka 20,359,439 9,856,634 10,502,805

Kolonnawa DSD 252,041 123,572 128,469

Rajasinghegama, GND 6,442 2,908 3,534

Maligagodella, GND 2,083 973 1,110

Udmulla North, GND 2,643 1,325 1,318 Source: Census of Population and Housing 2012

20. As the division occupies an area of sq.km 28.82, the population density per sq.km becomes 8745 persons per a sq.km showing a higher density of population. As in the case of national population statistics regarding sex ratios, Kolonnawa divison also has a female population exceeding the male population, showing a sex ratio of 96 males for 100 females. This trend continues for Rajasinhagama and Maligagodella GNDs with sex ratios of 82 and 76 respectively, showing comparatively a larger female populations. In case of Udumulla North GND, this trend turns back with a slight overtake of male population over female population, having almost one to one male population. All closely affected three GNDs have a total population of 11,168 with 5,206 males and 5,962 females. 21. The employment status of the Kolonnawa DSD and the affected three GNDs are given in the table below, which represent economic situation of the discussion.

Table 10: Employment status of the population of Kolonnawa DSD and the affected Grama Niladari Divisions - Over 15 years

Division Total Employed Unemployed Economically not active

Sri Lanka 15,227,773 7,335,432 521,938 7,370,403

Kolonnawa DSD 198,846 101,044 4,820 92,982

Rajasinghagama GND 5,001 2,252 118 2,631

Maligagodella GND 1,576 762 67 747

Udumulla North GND 2,013 943 83 987 Source: Census of Population and Housing 2012

22. Kolonnawa DSD has an unemployment rate around 2.4% against 3.4% unemployment rate at national level, showing a less unemployment situation. Regarding GND situation, unemployment rates are around 2.3%, 4.25% and 4.12% in Rajasinghagama, Maligagodella and Udumulla North GNDs. Although unemployment rates of Maligagodella and Udumulla North are higher, the absolute numbers of unemployed persons are few like 67 and 83 respectively. 23. The ‘economically not active’ population (under age and over age persons for working) in Kolonnawa DSD is around 47% showing a great similarity to national level which is around 48.4%. Population dependency ratios of Rajasinghagama, Maligagodella and Udumulla North are 57.6%, 47.3% and 54% respectively. 24. Educational Attainments of DSD level and GND level populations show valuable information on socioeconomic life of the people. The following Table No. 11 shows educational attainments of these populations.

7

Table 11: Population by educational attainments over 5 years of age Kolonnawa DSD and Affected GNDS

Area Total Primary Secondary GCE(OL) GCE(AL) Degree

and above No

school

Sri Lanka 18,615,577 4,390,536 7,571,816 3,159,402 2,293,841 499,563 700,419

Kolonnawa DSD 175,925 32,604 72,520 35,698 24,509 5,213 5,381

Rajasinghegama GND

5,978 959 2,078 1,341 1,126 233 241

Maligagodella GND

1,925 313 821 364 337 49 41

Udumulla North GND

2,422 398 958 551 388 77 50

Source: Census of Population and Housing 2012

25. In Kolonnawa DSD population educational attainments above secondary level are around 37%, against 32% for the corresponding national level indicator. This level of attainment at GND level are 45%, 39% and 42% respectively for Rajasinghegama, Maligagodella and Udumulla North divisions respectively. Thus, educational attainments of Kolonnawa DSD and GNDS rank above national level achievements in educations. 26. The average ‘no schooling’ rate for Kolonnawa DSD is reported as 3%, while GNDs of Rajasinghagama, Maligagodella and Udumulla North have no schooling population ratios around 4%, 2% and 2% respectively in comparison with the national no-schooling rate of 3.7%. 27. The situation of housing units of the Kolonnawa DSD represents the living standard of the people living in the division. The following table provides information related to the residential living standard of the affected area population.

Table 12: Housing Unit by type of Structure of Kolonnawa DS division and GNDs

Area Total Permanent Semi-permanent Improvised Un-classified

Sri Lanka 5,207,740 4,238,491 927,408 409,464 1,377

Kolonnawa DSD 44,663 39,977 4,304 341 41

Rajasinghagama GND 1,502 1,446 56 n.a n.a

Maligagodella GND 518 484 30 4 n.a

Udumulla North GND 647 569 62 16 n.a Source: Census of Population and Housing 2012

28. Representing an extremely satisfactory situation, out of 44,463 housing units of Kolonnawa DSD 99% of housing units are in good condition belonging to permanent and semi-permanent categories. In the case of all three affected GNDs also, good quality housing units account for almost 99% of the 2667 number of total units.

Table 13: Households by tenure by DSD and GNDs Area Total Owned by

households Rent/lease

Govt. owned

Rent/lease privately owned

Rent Free Occupied

Encroached Other

Sri Lanka 5,264,282 4,365,190 116,871 3309,410 328,346 68,650 54,815

Kolonnawa DSD 45,446 33,274 2,214 7,118 1,019 1,334 487

Rajasinghagama GND

1,520 1,239 84 138 27 26 6

Maligagodella GND

523 461 7 37 11 - 7

8

Area Total Owned by households

Rent/lease Govt.

owned

Rent/lease privately owned

Rent Free Occupied

Encroached Other

Udumulla North GND

638 504 5 111 17 - 1

Source: Census of Population and Housing 2012

29. In Kolonnawa DSD, 73% of housing units are owned by households, 15.6% are rented housing units belonging to private owners, and 5% are rented housing units belonging to the government. At national level, nearly 83% of housing units belong to households themselves. Under normal circumstances in urban areas like Kolonnawa, housing units owned by a household themselves are less in comparison to rural areas. In this regard, national data is influenced by rural sector data where dwellers’ ownership for housing units by themselves is higher, and corresponding vales represent this situation. 30. At national level, encroachers are around 1.3% of the total number of household in the country, and in Kolonnawa DSD, encroached household ownership becomes almost 3% of the total number of households in the DS division. In one of the closely affected GNDs (Rajasinghagama), 26 household units are living on encroached premises, being 1.7% of the total households of the Grama Niladari Division. However, the other two affected GNDs don’t have households living on encroached premises. As discussed earlier, a shortage of land for residential and business purposes in the DSD is a severe problem caused by frequent flooding (of Kelani River) and a large area being located below the mean sea level. The proposed improvement to Ambatale – CINEC road section is a positive step in expanding human settlement and economic activities towards the eastern boundaries of the division. At present human settlement and economic activities are over concentrated in the Kolonnawa Urban Council area, the most central part of the DSD, and the Western end close to Colombo Municipal area, around Baseline Road. 31. The attention on ethnic composition of population is essential to study socioeconomic behavior of different ethnic groups for making social assessments with necessary focus on specific needs of different ethnic communities. The following table presents the ethnic composition of different ethnic groups living in Kolonnawa DS division.

Table 14: Kolonnawa DSD population by ethnic distribution

Area Total Sinhala Sri

Lankan Tamils

Indian Tamils

Moor, includes

Malay Burger Other

Kolonnawa DSD 190,466 128,291 15,930 2,101 42,284 1,300 560

Rajasinghagama GND

6,394 6,092 58 13 135 89 7

Maligagodella GND 2,108 2,079 2 0 18 5 4

Udumulla North GND 2,621 2,605 10 0 5 1 0

Source: Planning Unit, Divisional Secretariat, Kolonnawa

32. As per the above presentation, Sinhalese is the major ethnic community, representing 67.4% of the total population of the division with a considerable reduction from the national level indicator of 74.90% of the total population. Both Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils together constitute 9.5% of the DSD total population, while Moor population accounts for 22.2% of the DSD population. In the case of the Tamil population, there is a noticeable drop from national level percentage value of 15.27% to 9.5% value at DSD level. In contrast to this situation, the Moor population contribution has increased from 9.3% at national level to 22.2% at DSD level,

9

more than a 100% increase. There is a noticeable Burger population in the DS division amounting to 1,300 persons, and one of the affected GNDs (Rajasinghegama) has 89 persons of this community which is on the decrease at all levels elsewhere. The other category of population includes various types of populations, mainly with Indian origin. 33. In the three closely affected GNDs, the distribution of ethnic communities is presented below.

Table 15: Distribution of ethnic communities in affected three GNDs

Area Total Sinhala Sri Lankan Tamils

Indian Tamils

Moor, includes

Malay

Burger Other

Rajasinghagama GND 6,394 6,092 58 13 135 89 7

Maligagodella GND 2,108 2,079 2 0 18 5 4

Udumulla North GND 2,621 2,605 10 0 5 1 0

Total population in 3 GNDs

11,123 10,776 70 13 158 95 11

Source: Planning Unit, Divisional Secretariat, Kolonnawa

34. Out of the total population of 11,123 in the three closely affected GNDs 96.9% is Sinhalese, compared to 74.9% at national level. The Tamil (Sri Lankan and Indian both) ethnic community contribution to the GND population is only 0.74%, showing a large drop from the national level Tamil population contribution of 15.27%. Similarly, Sri Lankan Moor population contribution to above GND level population has become 1.42%, with a sharp drop from national level contribution of 9.30%. There is a noticeable Burger population in the area of around 95 persons. The decrease of minority population share in the country side population is a common occurrence in the country where majority Sinhalese live. 35. It is important to note that the Project has no resettlement impact on any of the residents living in these closely affected project areas.

II. PUBLIC CONSULTATION WITH RESIDENTS LIVING CLOSED TO THE PROPOSED ROAD SECTION

36. The proposed road section doesn’t involve any type of land acquisition and hence there are no affected persons in terms described in ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP 2001). There are no human settlements or other type of private properties along the proposed road trace. However, a public consultation session was made with some residents who were available for exchange of information on the proposed road improvement. The results of the consultation session are presented below.

People met Position and address

Peoples’ comments

A. Two wheel taxi stand – At the starting point of the road improvements

1. Mr. Pasindu Dilshan 2-wheel driver Maligagodella GND 502 B Road development is a good endeavor. Presently earn around Rs. 1500-Rs. 2000 and expect a better income after road development. All taxi drivers are working at this point ( at the starting point of gravel road) for last six years

2. Mr.Sampath Bandara 2-wheel driver

3. Mr. Kelum 2-wheel driver

4. Mr. Gamini 2-wheel driver

B. Vegetable stall - located at the starting point of the road improvements

10

People met Position and address

Peoples’ comments

5. Mrs. W.D.Ariyawathie Vegetable seller 160/19, Maligagodella Road, Udumulla, Angoda

Maligagodella GND 502 B There is no permanent building/structure. Only an open stand using for selling vegetables. Vegetables come from nearby vegetable plots, especially in the right bank side of the channel (Mahadeniya and Kaduwela GNDs of Kaduwela DS division). Mrs. Ariyawathie has been selling vegetables at this point for last 5-6 years and runs a family of five persons. She welcomes the road improvement and expects progress for all after completion of the road. She expects a good income after the road development and hoped early completion as this is an already delayed job for several years.

6. Mrs. R. Danurikadi 160/10A, Maligagodlla Road, Mulleriyawa

Retail shop owner. House is not facing to the proposed road and away from one block of land alone located on a sub road (Maligagodella Road) joining the proposed road. Road development is an urgent essential work. Because road is not passable, it is difficult to use a vehicle due to high cost and maintenance. Due to bad road condition, there is no proper vehicle transportation along the road. Every time people have to go to town and other places by a hired taxi which is very expensive. This is very bad for school children. There are few industrial /commercial ventures nearby like industrial cloth washing and interior decorations and partitioning, but poor road situation has made difficulties for them. The poor road condition is resulted in high transport cost and reduction in income and employment.

7. Mrs. W.M. Priyanthika Lakmali

157/4E, Maligagodlla Road, Mulleriyawa

Housewife cum a tailor, husband is a skilled sound technician working for a tourist hotel. Family living here for generations and adjoining land lots are owned by family relations. Road is needed to improve transport facilities. Area often gets flooded and present road goes under water ceasing all transport moments. People of the area need a road that can be used all around the year. Ready to support the proposal by all possible

11

People met Position and address

Peoples’ comments

means.

8. Mr. Sudath Udayasena

Army Officer, 157/B, Maligagodlla Road, Mulleriyawa

Road is an urgent need. This has been coming from time to time, but there is no progress. If this is done at this time, it will be a great achievement.

9. Mr R. A. Premaratne,

CLT /1, Maligagodlla Road, Mulleriyawa

Skilled labourer. Premises belong to government. Living at the premises from childhood days. Now family has 6 members. Premises and the road go under water often. Need improvements to the road. “My residence is not important, road is more important” by Mr . R. A. Premaratne

10. Soil washing centre Maligagodlla Road, Mulleriyawa

3 labourers are working at the site. Soil is brought from elsewhere and is washed here to get quality sand. A private enterprise. Use heavy vehicles and workers hope for an improved road.

11. Land Sale Site Maligagodlla Road, Mulleriyawa

Blocking out work is in progress of a land nearly one care plot, bordering to the road. All workmen wish for development of a good road running in front of the land.

12. K.A. Nihal Perera 153,A Maligagodlla Road, Mulleriyawa

Private sector business manager. A good road is an every day dream for us. We are all out to support the venture.

13. Mr. R.D.Pedris,

120, Udumulla, Mulleriyawa,

Road is very essential. It serves many purposes related to day to day living.

14. Mr. R.D.Ranjith 110/2, Ambatale wewa Road, Mulleriyawa

Good work. I support wholeheartedly.

15. Mr. K.A.D. Harischandra

153,Wewa Road, Ambatale

Soil washing site. Use heavy trucks to transport to/from the site. Soils are brought from elsewhere and are washed to make quality sand. Road needs to be strong enough to meet the travelling of heavy vehicles in large numbers. Area gets flooded very often and sometimes flood water reaches the upper level of the bund that blocks (water locks) river water coming to the canal. Road designing has to consider this flooding situation of the area.

16. Mr. Asanka Manager, The large vehicle service center has nearly 30

12

People met Position and address

Peoples’ comments

Weerasuriya Quick Fix, Vehicle Service Centre, Ambatale

workers. Road improvement is a good proposal in all respects. We wish for early completion of the road without dragging over time.

(Consultation was made on 3rd May 2016 with the participation of Mr. D.P.Adikari and Mr S.Gajasinghe Safeguards Consultants)

37. Overall the people who volunteered to discuss and comment strongly expressed their willingness for implementation of the Project, and they were of the view that the Project is a long felt need that should have been commenced long ago. Although the Project doesn’t need any private land, people participating at the discussion agreed to allow land acquisition if further land is required. The discussion participants did not see any social issue disturbing them by the Project, but they were very cautious about the hydrological and environment issues that may be encountered by the Project. According to their views, construction design needs to suit the very sensitive hydrological and other environment issues which are unique to the location. Frequently excessive flooding takes place along the road trace and the flood level goes very high, making severe erosion and wash offs. In view of this situation, residents emphasized the need to have construction designs to arrest this sensitive situation and have an all-weather proof good road.

13

Proposed road trace is on government lands and nor any private owned lands or encroachers or non-titleholders are within the ROW.

III. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF NEIGHBOURING AREA

38. Although the proposed road section runs completely within the three GNDs of Kolonnawa Divisional Secretary Division as discussed above, this section of the road and the adjoining channel have become the boundary line between Kolonnawa and Kaduwela Divisional Secretary Divisions, from the starting point to the end point of the road. Along this boundary line there are three GNDs belong to Kaduwela DSD, namely Welivita, Mahadeniya and Malabe North are located close to the Project area, but there are no residential settlements near to the road in these GNDs belonging to Kaduwela Divisional Secretary Division as the surrounding land consists of channel reservations, low-lying marshy land and abundant paddy lands. 39. Kaduwela DS Division consists of 252,041 population with 123,572 males and 128,469 females. This is a fast developing DS division with a recently established Municipal Council level local body and also a Pradeshiya Saba level local council body within its administrative area. There are a few major suburbs and towns such as Battaramulla, Malabe, Kaduwela and Aturugiriya serving as suburbs for the Colombo metropolitan area in the DS Division. Battaramulla is located near to the National parliament complex and has become a centre of government administration with the location of a large number of National level government ministries, departments and other state agencies. In addition to this state sector development and its growing progress, this area has become an important centre of business activities with the opening of a large number of departmental stores and automobile sale centres. 40. In addition to the above general picture of the development in the Kaduwela Divisional Secretary Division, the area close to the proposed road section has become a centre for learning with the establishment of a large number of state and privately owned education institutions, mainly along the starting area of the Project road from Malabe side. The starting area of the road from new Kandy road at Malabe (Chandrika Kumaratunga Road) is the access road for several educational institutions located in Kaduwela DS division, and they are within 1km – 2 km distance of the Project road. The following gives a brief description of these important educational institutions which will be helped immensely by the proposed improvements to the road section commencing from Ambatale and ending at CINEC junction. 41. The institute is located near the end point of the proposed road.

14

A. Horizon College of Business and Technology (HCBT)

42. HCBT is registered as a private limited liability company and was operative since 2008. It provides education at all levels covering 1) Pre-school, 2) Secondary education, 3) Tertiary education, and 4) Higher education. From pre-school to secondary education level functions come under the Horizon College International, which is registered as a private international school. Tertiary and higher education are the functions of Horizon Campus of the HCBT Private Ltd. Horizon Campus has five academic faculties; 1) Faculty of Information Technology, 2) Faculty of Science, 3) Faculty of Management, 4) Faculty of Education, and 5) Faculty of International Programs. As reported, the institution has been recognized by the Ministry of Higher Education of Sri Lanka as a degree awarding institute and by the University Grant Commission of Sri Lanka as a private sector education service provider. 43. This institution has a student population and staff around 1500 persons. This institution is located less than 1km distance to the starting point of the proposed road section.

B. Colombo International Nautical and Engineering College (CINEC)

44. This is a non-governmental institute of higher education established in 1990. CINEC provides higher educational facilities in the fields of Maritime Engineering, Technology,

15

Logistics, Management and IT. CINEC campus caters to over 15,000 students annually, and has a range of over 175 educational training programs. 45. CINEC has affiliations with the Australian Maritime College, Dalian Maritime University, University of Wolverhampton and Southeast Missouri State University.

C. Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology (SLIIT)

46. This education institute is located by the New Kandy Road at Malabe, close to the Chandrika Kumaratunga Road within a distance of 1.5km from CINEC junction. This was founded in 1999. SLIIT is a government owned, fee-levying IT University in Sri Lanka. SLIIT was established by an Act of Parliament and is a member of the association of Commonwealth Universities and International Association of Universities. SLITT awards degrees in Information Technology, Business, and Engineering fields with various specializations independently and association with other universities abroad. 47. SLIIT has nearly 4000 students following university courses currently with 200 staff persons and they will benefit by the Project road due to improved transport facilities in the area.

D. South Asian Institute of Technology and Medicine (SAITM) and Dr. Neville Fernando Teaching Hospital (NFTII)

48. SAITEM is located within 0.5km from CINEC junction (end point of the proposed road improvement) and has four faculties of education; namely 1) Medicine, 2) Management and

16

Finance, 3) Engineering, and 4) ICT. SAITEM has two types of degree programs - a SAITEM/AIT affiliated Program and SAITEM degree program. SAITM offers degrees in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering and Biosystems Engineering. 49. Regarding medical education, clinical training of the medical students is provided by the Dr. Neville Fernando Teaching Hospital (NFTH) located at the same premises, close to the Project road. The hospital has 1002 beds for indoor patients and possesses all professional and non-professional units in Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Pediatrics and almost all specialized units. 50. As reported by hospital authorities, the hospital services are presented in such a way that is very much affordable to the greater majority of the local population who are from average, lower or middle income earners. 51. This university campus and affiliated teaching hospital is benefited by the road improvement as it opens its operational area towards Kolonnawa and north of Colombo city via Ambatale junction.

E. Millenium Information Technologies (MIT)

52. MIT is a Sri Lankan based information technology firm that specializes in electronic trading systems, and is fully owned by the London Stock Exchange Group since 2009. 53. This center is located within 0.5km from CINEC junction in close vicinity to the Project road. MIT provide IT services for capital markets, systems integration, core infrastructure solutions, IT security solutions, business collaboration technologies, enterprise performance management and telecommunications. MIT has many on-going international business awards and IT operations abroad working through many collaborators and subsidiaries. 54. At the above location, nearly 450 workers are employed by the company. This is another group of population benefited by the Project. 55. The above is few of the key institutions located near to the proposed road in Kaduwela DS division which will benefit from the proposed road improvement project which will facilitate the expansion of the business/services of these institutions. The above information on important

17

institutions located closer to the road or located almost alongside the road (starting area of the road which is already developed) is presented considering the practical socioeconomic situation of the surrounding area.

IV. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

56. There are no indigenous populations living in the Project affected area or even within the DS division as prescribed in the ADB Policy on Indigenous Peoples. Further, there are no current or historical records indicating any sort of indigenous people or similar groups of people living in the area for known centuries.

Social Safeguard Issues And Other Social Risks

Issue Significant/Limited/ No impact

Strategy to Address Issue

Plan or Other Measures Included in Design

Involuntary Resettlement

No Impact No Need Resettlement Plan

Resettlement Framework

Environment and Social Management System

No action

Indigenous Peoples No Impact No Need Indigenous Peoples Plan

Indigenous peoples Framework

Environment and Social Management System

No action

Labor

Employment Opportunities

Labour

Retrenchment

Core Labor Standards

Significant Social impact study and recommendation to consider labor issues

Plan

Other Action

No action

Affordability No Impact No need Action

No Action

Other Risks and/or Vulnerabilities

HIV/AIDs

Human trafficking

Others (Conflict, political instability, etc.)

Limited Social impact study and suggest mitigation

Plan

Other Action

No action

V. CONCLUSION

57. According to the discussion had on the socio-economic factors along the proposed trace, the proposed project is expected to benefit the overall development of the area.

18

58. The proposed road will serve as a good alternative access to most of the surrounding communities, which will also help reduce the travel time/costs considerably. 59. The socially and economically important institutes such as hospitals, educational centers and housing schemes have already been established along the Chandrika Banadaranayake road in the recent past, will also benefit from the proposed road which will be linked with A010 road. 60. Further, the residents and the small shop owners who live alongside the road currently do not have proper access to their houses. Hence, the proposed development will directly benefit this segment.