SOCCER Laws of Game

8/10/2019 SOCCER Laws of Game

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Soccer Laws of the Game

Each season FIFA publishes an extensive Laws of the Game guide which describes the rules ofsoccer. Here is an overview of the 17 laws of the game. Click on the subject headings to readabout the laws in greater detail.

Law 1: The Field of Play

There are very few fixed dimensions for soccer fields, even at the highest level. FIFA onlystipulates that for professional 11-versus-11 competition, the length must be between 100 yardsand 130 yards and the width between 50 and 100 yards.

Law 2: The Soccer Ball

The circumference of a soccer ball must not be more than 28 inches (70 centimeters) and not lessthan 27 ins (68 cm).

The size 5 ball, used by ages 12 and above, is spherical and made of leather or some othersuitable material.

It must not weigh more than 16 ounces (450 grams) and not less than 14 oz (410 g) at the start ofa match.

The ball must be of a pressure equal to 0.6 1.1 atmosphere (600 1,000 g/cm2) at sea level(8.5 Ibs/sq in 15.6 Ibs/sq in).

Law 3: The Number of Players

A match is played by two teams, with each allowed no more than 11 players on the field at anyone time, one of whom is a goalkeeper. A match may not start if either team has fewer thanseven players.


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Law 4: The Players' Equipment

The FIFA Laws of the Game state that players are not allowed to use equipment or wearanything that is dangerous to himself or any other player (including any kind of jewellery).

A players basic equipment consists of a jersey or shirt with sleeves, shorts, stockings, shinpadsand footwear.

The two teams must wear colors that distinguish themselves from the opponent, referee andassistant referees.

Law 5: The Referee

The referee has the full authority to enforce the laws of the game and his decision is final. He

controls the match in cooperation with the assistant referees, and where applicable, the fourthofficial. The referee ensures that the ball and players' equipment meets the requirements, acts astimekeeper and stops play for infringement of the laws among several other duties.

Law 6: The Assistant Referee

In professional soccer there are two assistant referees whose job it is to call offsides and throw-ins, and help the referee make decisions. Carrying a flag to signal their observations, assistantreferees, or linesmen as they are commonly known, must monitor the sidelines and goal lines andflag if the ball goes out of play, signaling which team the goal kick or throw-in should be

awarded to.

Law 7: The Duration of the Match

Matches consist of two 45 minute halves, unless the two teams and referee agree otherwise before the start of play. The half-time interval must not exceed 15 minutes, and can only bealtered upon consent of the referee. A referee may play added time because of substitutions,assessment of injuries, removal of injured players from the field of play, time wasting and anyother cause. An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules state otherwise.


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Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play

Kick-off is the way of starting or restarting play:

- To begin a match

- If a goal has been scored

- To begin the second half

- To begin a period of extra-time.

Law 9: The Ball in and out of Play

The ball is out of play when:

- It has wholly crossed the goalline or touchline

- Play has been stopped by the referee.

The ball is in play at all other times, including when:

-It rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner flag and stays on the field.

-When it hits a referee or assistant referee when they are on the field.

Law 10: The Method of Scoring

Goal Scored:

A goal is scored when the whole of the ball crosses the whole of the goalline between the postsand crossbar, provided there is no infringement such as offside, a foul or handball.

The team that scores the most goals wins the match. If the number of goals scored between thetwo sides is equal at the end of a match, it is a draw.

When competition rules require that there must be a winner, the outcome will be decided byeither:

- Away goals rule- Extra-time- Penalty kicks.


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Law 11: The Offside

The law states that if a player is in an offside position when the ball is played to him or touched by a teammate, he may not become actively involved in the play.

A player is in an offside position if he is closer to the goal line than both the ball and the second-to-last defender, but only if he is in the opposition half of the field.

Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct

Click the heading for a summary of the different infractions that will lead the referee to blow thewhistle, stop play, and possibly take disciplinary action.

Law 13: Free Kicks

Free kicks are either direct or indirect, and the ball must be stationary when the kick is taken.The kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player.

Law 14 : The Penalty Kick

Feinting in the run up to taking a penalty kick to confuse the goalkeeper is permitted. However,feinting to kick the ball once the player has completed his run up is considered an act ofunsporting behavior for which the player must be cautioned by the referee.

Preparing for the penalty kick

The referee must confirm the following before the kick is taken:

- the kicker is identified

- the ball is placed properly on the penalty mark

- the goalkeeper is on the goal line between the posts and facing the kicker

All other players on the field are:

- Outside the penalty area - Outside the penalty arc

- Behind the ball.


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Laws 15, 16 & 17: Throw Ins, Goal Kicks, and Corner Kicks

When the ball goes out of play over the touchline, a throw in will be taken by a player from theteam who did not touch the ball last. When the whole of the ball goes over the goalline, a goalkick or corner is awarded, depending on which team touched the ball last. If the defending team

touched it, a corner is awarded to the opposition. If the attacking team had the last touch, a goalkick is awarded.


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Soccer Fouls An explanation of free kicks and penalties in soccer

By Joshua Robinson

The rules of the game are set down by soccers world governing body, FIFA. The associations official handbook is a 140 page document, which includes detailed discussion of every foul, infraction, and regulation in the game. You can find it here .

Short of that, here is a summary of the different infractions that will lead the referee to blow thewhistle, stop play, and possibly take disciplinary action, as worded by FIFA.

Direct Free Kick

Definition: When the referee stops play for certain fouls, he may award a team a direct free kick,

meaning that team will resume play from the spot of the infraction with a pass or a shot at goal.Any members of the opposing team must be at least 10 yards away when the ball is struck. If thefree kick were indirect, it means that a second player must touch the ball before it the team canshoot at goal.

A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the following sixoffenses in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:

kicks or attempts to kick an opponent trips or attempts to trip an opponent jumps at an opponent charges an opponent strikes or attempts to strike an opponent pushes an opponent

A direct free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the followingfour offences:

tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball, making contact with the opponent before touching the ball

holds an opponent spits at an opponent handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his own penalty area)

Penalty Kick

A penalty kick is awarded if any of the above ten offences is committed by a playerinside his own penalty area, irrespective of the position of the ball, provided it is in play.


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One player may then take a free shot at goal (defended only by the goalkeeper standingon the goal line) from the penalty spot, located 12 yards away.

Indirect Free Kick

An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area, commits any of the following offences:

o takes more than four steps while controlling the ball with his hands, before releasing it from his possession

o touches the ball again with his hands after it has been released from his possession and has not touched any other player

o touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team mate

o touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw in taken by a team mate

An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player, in the opinion ofthe referee, commits any of the following three offences:

o plays in a dangerous manner o impedes the progress of an opponent o prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands o commits any other offence, not previously mentioned, for which play is stopped to

caution or dismiss a player

Yellow and Red Cards

After awarding a free kick or penalty kick, a referee may take further disciplinaryaction against a player by showing him a yellow or red card.

Yellow Cards

A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of thefollowing seven offences:

is guilty of unsporting behaviour shows dissent by word or action persistently infringes the Laws of the Game delays the restart of play fails to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick or

free kick enters or re enters the field of play without the referee's permission deliberately leaves the field of play without the referee's permission

Red Cards


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A player is sent off and shown the red card if he commits any of the followingseven offences:

is guilty of serious foul play is guilty of violent conduct spits at an opponent or any other person denies an opponent a goal or an obvious goal scoring opportunity by

deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within his own penalty area)

denies an obvious goal scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the player's goal by an offence punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick

uses offensive, insulting or abusive language receives a second caution in the same match


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Free Kicks in Soccer

By Stewart Coggin

Free kicks are either direct or indirect, and the ball must be stationary when the kick is taken. The kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player.

The direct free kick

Ball enters the goal:

If a direct free kick is kicked directly into an opponents goal, a goal is awarded.

If a direct free kick is kicked directly into the teams own goal, a corner kick is awarded.

The indirect free kickA goal can only be scored if it subsequently touches another player before crossing the goal line.

If an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponents goal, a goal kick is awarded.

If an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the teams own goal, a corner kick is awarded to theopposing team.

Free kick from inside the area

Direct or indirect free kick to the defending team:

- All opponents must be at least 10 yards from the ball

- All opponents must remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play (kicked directly outof the penalty area).

- A free kick awarded in the goal area may be taken from any point inside that area.

Indirect free kick to the attacking team

All opponents must be at least 10 yards from the ball until it is in play, unless on their own goal line between the posts .

- The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.

- An indirect free kick awarded inside the goal area must be taken on the goal area line at thenearest point to where the infringement occurred.


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Free kick outside the penalty area

- All opponents must be at least 10 yards from the ball until it is in play.

- The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves

- The free kick is taken from the place where the infringement occurred or from the position ofthe ball when the infringement occurred (according to the infringement).

Infringements and sanctions

A free kick will be retaken if an opponent is closer to the ball than the required distance. Thekick will also be retaken if it is taken by the defending team and is not kicked directly out of the

penalty area.

Free kick taken by a player other than the goalkeeper:

If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches it again (except with his hands) without another player touching it:

- An indirect free kick is awarded to the other team, to be taken from the place where theinfringement occurred.

If the kicker deliberately handles the ball once it is in play following the kick:

- A direct free kick is awarded to the opposition from where the infringement occurred.

- A penalty kick is awarded if the handball occurred in the kickers penalty area.

Free kick taken by the goalkeeper:

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches it again (except with his hands) withoutanother player touching it:

- An indirect free-kick is awarded to the opposition, to be taken from the place where theinfringement occurred.

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball before it has touched

another player.

- A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred outside thegoalkeepers penalty area, from where the infringement occurred.

- An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposition if the infringement took place inside thegoalkeepers penalty area, to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.


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Balls A, B and C are still in play asthey have not wholly crossed thetouchline. Ball D has completely

passed over the touchline, and is outof play.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The ball in and out of play is the ninth law of the Laws of the Game of association football, and describes to the two basic states of play in thegame.

The ball remains in play from the beginning of each period to the end of that period, except when:

The ball leaves the field by entirely crossing a goal line or touch

line (this includes when a goal is scored); or

Play is stopped by the referee (for example when a foul has been

committed, a player is seriously injured, or the ball becomes

defective).

The Law specifically notes that the ball remains in play if it rebounds off a goal frame, corner flag, referee or assistant referee, assuming that theyare on the field of play at the time.

When the ball is in play players may play the ball, contest the ball, and goals may be scored. Players are liableto punishment for committing either fouls or misconduct. Substitutions may not occur whilst the ball is in play.

When the ball becomes out of play, the ball is put back into play be the appropriate restart. The restarts infootball are:

Throw-in: when the ball has entirely crossed the touch line; awarded to opposing team to that which last

touched the ball. (Law 15 (http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws15_01.htm)).

Indirect free kick: awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls (like obstruction, offside,

etc.), certain technical infringements, or when play is stopped to caution/send-off an opponent without a

specific foul having occurred. (Law 13 (http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws13_01.htm)).

Direct free kick: awarded to fouled team following certain listed "penal" fouls, (Law 13

(http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws13_01.htm)) and certain "dead-ball" methods of restarts that include

Kick-off: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play. (Law 8

(http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws8_01.htm)).

Goal kick: when the ball has entirely crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and

having last been touched by an attacker; awarded to defending team. (Law 16 (http://www.fifa.com

/en/laws/Laws16_01.htm)).

n and out of play - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play

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Penalty kick: awarded to fouled team following "penal" foul having occurred in their opponent's

penalty area. (Law 14 (http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws14_01.htm)).

Corner kick: when the ball has entirely crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and

having last been touched by a defender; awarded to attacking team. (Law 17 (http://www.fifa.com

/en/laws/Laws17_01.htm)).

Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason (e.g. a serious injury to a

player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective). This restart is uncommon in adult

games. (Law 8 (http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws8_03.htm)).

Once the ball is out of play, the only restart is the restart appropriate for the reason the ball went out of play inthe first place; subsequent actions do not change the restart. For example, if the ball goes out of play because of a foul by Team A against Team B, the restart must be a free kick to Team B even if a Team B player strikes anopponent; offending Team B player would, however, be liable for misconduct (i.e. yellow card or red card).

Note, however, that the referee may change the original restart if he realises he has made an error or on theadvice of his assistant referees, provided play has not yet restarted. For example, if the ball has gone out of play

because the ball was kicked into goal by Team A and the referee has signalled that a goal has been scored, butthen notices that an assistant referee has indicated a foul by a Team A player immediately before the goal wasscored, the referee would change to the correct restart of a free kick to Team B where the foul occurred.

"The Laws of the Game" (http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/refereeing/81/42

/36/log2013en_neutral.pdf). FIFA . Retrieved 14 February 2014.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ball_in_and_out_of_play&oldid=595465054"Categories: Laws of association football Association football terminology

This page was last modified on 14 February 2014 at 16:25.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms mayapply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

n and out of play - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play

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A Venn diagram showing the relationship between fouls and misconduct in association football, with examples. The offsideoffence is an example of a technical rule infraction that is neither afoul nor a misconduct. Note that the referee is given considerablediscretion as to the rules' implementation, including deciding whichoffences are cautionable "unsportsmanlike" conduct.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Misconduct (association football))

Fouls and misconduct in associationfootball are acts committed by players whichare considered deemed by the referee to beunfair and are subsequently penalized. Anoffence may be a foul, misconduct or bothdepending on the nature of the offence and the circumstances in which it occurs. Foulsand misconduct are addressed in Law 12 of the Laws of the Game.

A foul is an unfair act by a player which isdeemed by the referee to contravene thegame's laws. Fouls are punished by theaward of a free-kick (direct or indirectdepending on the offence) or penalty kick tothe opposing team. For an act to be a foul itmust:

be a specific offence listed in Law 12

of the Laws of the Game (other

infractions, such as technical

infractions at restarts, are not deemed

to be fouls);

be committed by a player (not a substitute);

occur on the field of play, while the ball is in play;

be committed against an opponent, when applicable (For example, a player striking the referee or a

teammate, is not a foul, but is a misconduct);

Misconduct is any conduct by a player that is deemed by the referee to warrant a disciplinary sanction (cautionor dismissal). Misconduct may include acts which are, additionally, fouls. Misconduct may occur at any time,including when the ball is out of play, during half-time and before and after the game, and both players and substitutes may be sanctioned for misconduct. This is unlike a foul, which is committed by a player, on the field

of play, and only against an opponent when the ball is in play.

Misconduct will result in the player either receiving a caution (indicated by a yellow card) or being dismissed ("sent off") from the field (indicated by a red card). When a player is cautioned, the player's details aretraditionally recorded by the referee in a small notebook; hence, a caution is also known as a booking. Thereferee has considerable discretion in applying the Laws; in particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour"may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specificoffences.

The system of cautioning and dismissal has existed for many decades, but the idea of language-neutral coloured

and misconduct (association football) - Wikipedia, the free encycl... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misconduct_(association_football)

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cards originated with British referee Ken Aston, who got the idea while sitting in his car at a traffic light. [1] Thefirst major use of the cards was in the 1970 FIFA World Cup, but they were not made mandatory at all levelsuntil 1982.

1 Categories of foul

1.1 Direct free kick offences

1.2 Indirect free kick offences

1.3 Other offences

2 Misconduct

2.1 Yellow card (caution)

2.2 Red card (dismissal)

2.3 History and origin

3 Referee's discretion

3.1 Advantage

4 Restarts

5 Team officials

6 Post-match penalties

7 See also

8 References

9 External links

Direct free kick offences

A direct free kick is awarded when a player commits any of the following in a manner considered by the refereeto be careless, reckless or using excessive force:

Kicks or attempts to kick an opponentTrips or attempts to trip an opponent

Jumps at an opponent

Charges an opponent

Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent

Pushes an opponent

Tackles an opponent


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Or commits any the following offences:

Holds an opponent

Spits at an opponent

Handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his own penalty area).

In determining whether or not a player deliberately handled the ball, the referee has several considerations:

(a) Movement of the hand towards the ball (not the ball towards the hand) (b) Distance between the opponentand the ball (unexpected ball) (c) Position of the hand ('natural' position versus 'unnatural' position) does notnecessarily mean that there is an infringement (d) Touching the ball with an object held in the hand (clothing,shinguard, etc.) counts as an infringement (considered an extension of the hand) (e) Hitting the ball with athrown object (boot, shinguard, etc.) counts as an infringement (also considered an extension of the hand)

If a player commits a direct free kick offence within his own penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded irrespectiveof the position of the ball, provided the ball is in play.

Indirect free kick offences

Fouls punishable by an indirect free kick are:

When a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area:

controls the ball with his hands for more than six seconds before releasing it from his possession

touches the ball again with his hands after he has released it from his possession and before it has

touched another player

touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate (the

back-pass rule)

touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a

team-mate

When any player in the opinion of the referee:

plays in a dangerous manner

impedes the progress of an opponent

prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands

commits any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which play is stopped to

caution or send off a player

Some technical breaches of the rules, such as the offside offence, result in play being restarted with an indirectfree kick, though these are not considered fouls.

Other offences

Not all infractions of the Laws are fouls. Non-foul infractions may be dealt with as technical infractions (e.g. as breaching the rules governing the restarts of play) or misconduct (these are punishable by a caution or sending-off). Note that persistent fouls or infractions may be considered by the referee to be unsporting conduct,


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A player is cautioned and shown a yellow card

which can warrant an official caution.

The referee may consider serious and/or persistent offences to be misconduct worthy of an official caution or dismissal from the game. Association football was the first sport to use coloured cards to indicate these

actions. [2]

Yellow card (caution)

A yellow card is shown by the referee to indicate that a player has been

officially cautioned. [3] The player's details are then recorded by the referee in asmall notebook; hence a caution is also known as a "booking". A player whohas been cautioned may continue playing in the game; however, a player whoreceives a second caution in a match is sent off (shown the yellow card again,and then a red card (see below)), meaning that he must leave the field immediately and take no further part in the game. The player may not be

replaced by a substitute. Law 12 of the Laws of the Game (which are set by theInternational Football Association Board and used by FIFA) lists the types of offences and misconduct that may result in a caution. It also states that "only a

player, substitute or substituted player" can be cautioned. [3] A player iscautioned and shown a yellow card if he/she commits any of the followingoffences:

Dissent by word or action1.

Persistent infringement on the Laws of the Game2.

Delaying the restart of play (includes deliberate time-wasting tactics)3.

Failure to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick, throw-in or free kick 4.

Entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee's permission5.

Deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee's permission6.

In addition, a player can be cautioned and shown a yellow card for "Unsportsmanlike conduct". Whatconstitutes cautionable unsportsmanlike behaviour is generally at the referee's discretion. This may includesimulation intended to deceive the referee, or delaying the restart of play by withholding the ball. Poor or deliberate fouls are commonly punished by yellow cards, although some tackles, especially those which aredangerous, two-footed, or those which prevent a clear goal-scoring opportunity for the player tackled, may be

punished by a red card.A change in 2004 to the Laws of the Game championed by FIFA President Sepp Blatter mandated automaticyellow cards for players who remove their shirts while celebrating goals. In addition, an instruction has been inthe additional instructions at the end of the Laws of the Game for some time that should a player jump over or climb on to a perimeter fence to the Field of Play, they should be cautioned for unsportsmanlike behaviour. Thiswas seen as mainly preventing incidents in professional football matches where crowds had rushed towards

players and had led to injuries.

In most tournaments, the accumulation of a certain number of yellow cards over several matches results indisqualification of the offending player for a certain number of subsequent matches, the exact number of cards


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A player is shown a red card to indicate their dismissal fromthe game

and matches varying by jurisdiction. In the UEFA Champions League, for instance, accumulating two yellowcards in a stage of the tournament will lead to a one-game suspension. In such situations players have beenknown to deliberately incur a second booking in a tournament when the following game is of little importance,deliberately resetting their yellow card tally to zero for subsequent games. This is however not considered

sporting. [4]

The idea introducing a sin-bin for yellow card offences has been mooted by, amongst others, UEFA president

Michel Platini.[5]

Red card (dismissal)

A red card is shown by a referee to signify that a player has been sent off. [3] A player who has been sent off is required to leave the field of play immediatelyand must take no further part in the game. Only players, substitutes and substituted players may receive a red card. If a team's goalkeeper receives ared card another player is allowed to assume goalkeeping duties (teams usuallysubstitute an outfield player for another goalkeeper if this option is available).

Law 12 of the Laws of the Game lists the categories of misconduct for which a player may be sent off. These are:

Serious foul play (a violent foul)1.

Violent conduct (any other act of violence) e.g. assaulting the referee.2.

Spitting at anyone or another player 3.

A deliberate handling offense to deny an obvious goal-scoring

opportunity by any player other than a goalkeeper in his own penalty

area

4.

Committing an offence that denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity (informally known

as a professional foul)

5.

Using offensive, insulting or abusive language or gestures6.

Receiving a second caution (yellow card) in the same game7.

In most tournaments, a single direct red card (i.e. not one received as a result of two successive yellow ones)results in disqualification of the offending player for one or more subsequent matches, the exact number of matches varying by the offence committed and by jurisdiction. Should a team's on-field players receive a totalof five red cards, they will be unable to field the required minimum of seven players and the match will beabandoned.

History and origin

The idea of using language-neutral coloured cards to communicate a referee's intentions originated with British

football referee Ken Aston. [2] Aston had been appointed to the FIFA Referees' Committee and was responsiblefor all referees at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. In the quarter finals, England met Argentina at Wembley Stadium.After the match, newspaper reports stated that referee Rudolf Kreitlein had cautioned both Bobby and Jack Charlton, as well as sending off Argentinian Antonio Rattin. The referee had not made his decision clear duringthe game, and England manager Alf Ramsey approached FIFA for post-match clarification. This incident started


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Referee Mark Geiger signals for advantage

Aston thinking about ways to make a referee's decisions clearer to both players and spectators. Aston realised that a colour-coding scheme based on the same principle as used on traffic lights (yellow - caution, red - stop)

would traverse language barriers and clarify whether a player had been cautioned or expelled. [2] As a result,yellow cards to indicate a caution and red cards to indicate an expulsion were used for the first time in the 1970FIFA World Cup in Mexico. The use of penalty cards has since been adopted and expanded by several sportingcodes, with each sport adapting the idea to its specific set of rules or laws.

The referee has a very large degree of discretion as to the interpretation of the 17 Laws including determiningwhich acts constitute cautionable offences under the very broad categories. For this reason, refereeing decisionsare sometimes controversial. Some Laws may specify circumstances under which a caution should or must begiven, and numerous directives to referees also provide additional guidance. The encouragement for referees to

use their judgment and common sense is known colloquially as "Law 18". [6]

Advantage

According to the principle of advantage, play should be allowed tocontinue when the team against which an offence has been committed will benefit from ongoing play. The referee indicates this by calling

"play on!" and extending both arms in front of his body. [6]

FIFA's guidance on the interpretation of the Laws for referees outlinesthe considerations a referee must make when deciding whether to playadvantage, these include the severity of the offence and the potential for attacking opportunity. Referees are instructed to make such decisions

"within a few seconds" of the offence. [7]

In rare situations, advantage can also be applied if the foul was also amisconduct. Play is allowed to continue, but at the next stoppage in playthe caution or send off must be issued and the appropriate card

displayed. [8]

If the ball is out of play when an infraction of the Laws of the Gameoccurs, play is restarted according to the reason the ball became out of play before the infraction. (Any

infraction of the Laws of the Game that occurs while the ball is out of play is misconduct, not a foul.)

If the misconduct occurs when the ball is in play, play need not be stopped to administer a caution or adismissal, as these may be done at the next stoppage of play (this is usually the case when the opposing teamwould gain an advantage in having play continue). When this is the case, play is restarted according the reasonfor the ball becoming out of play, e.g. a throw-in if play stopped due to the ball crossing a touchline.

If play is stopped to administer a caution or dismissal:

If a foul has occurred as well as misconduct, play is restarted according to the nature of the foul (either an


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indirect free kick, direct free kick or penalty kick to the opposing team)

If no foul under Law 12 has occurred, play is restarted with an indirect free kick to the opposing team

Team officials such as managers and coaches may not be cautioned or sent from the technical area in the above

manner. However, according to Law 5 the referee "takes action against team officials who fail to conductthemselves in a responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from the field of play and itsimmediate surroundings."

The league sanction for a sent-off coach or manager is normally a ban from being in the dugout or in thechanging room for a certain number of matches thereafter. The particular football association determines thelength of the ban and/or other appropriate action(s).

Many football leagues and federations have off-field penalties for players who accumulate a certain number of cautions in a season, tournament or phase of a tournament. Typically, these take the form of a suspension from

playing in their team's next game(s) after that number of cautions has been reached (usually two in internationaltournaments and five in a league season). Such off-field penalties are determined by league rules, and not by theLaws of the Game.

Similarly, a sending off usually also results in additional sanctions, most commonly in the form of suspensionsfrom playing for a number of future games, although financial fines may also be imposed. The exact

punishments are determined by tournament or competition rules, and not by the Laws of the Game. FIFA in particular has been adamant that a red card in any football competition must result in the guilty player beingsuspended for at least the next game without the right to appeal.

At the 2006 FIFA World Cup, any player receiving two yellow cards during the three group stage matches, or two yellow cards in the knockout stage matches had to serve a one-match suspension for the next game. Asingle yellow card did not carry over from the group stage to the knockout stages. Should the player pick up hissecond yellow during the team's final group match, he would miss the Round of 16 if his team qualified for it.However, suspensions due to yellow cards do not carry beyond the World Cup finals.

For the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the rules were changed so that any player who received two yellow cards between the beginning of the tournament and the end of the quarterfinal round (instead of the end of the groupstage matches) would serve a one-match suspension for the next game. As a result, only players that received two yellow cards or a straight red card in the semifinal game would not be able to play in the final.

In the UEFA Champions League, for instance, accumulating two yellow cards in a stage of the tournament willlead to a one game suspension. In the group stage players have often intentionally collected the second yellowcard which will "strategically" reset their tally of yellow cards to zero for the knockout round, but this is

considered unsportsmanlike. [9]

Laws of the Game (association football)


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Tactical foul

^ Ken Aston the inventor of yellow and red cards (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment

/technicalsupport/refereeing/news/newsid=80623/) FIFA.com, 15 January 2002

1.

^ a

b

c

"Ken Aston - the inventor of yellow and red cards" (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/news/newsid=80623/index.html). fifa.com. Retrieved February 20, 2013.

2.

^ a

b

c

"Laws of the Game" (http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html/). fifa.com. Retrieved June 6,

2008.

3.

^ [1] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/9244634.stm)[2] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football

/europe/9229485.stm)

4.

^ "Sin-bins and other laws changes in football to be discussed" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25718565).

BBC . 13 January 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2014.

5.

^ a

b

United States Soccer Federation Inc.,; Michael Lewis (2000). Soccer for dummies (http://books.google.co.uk

/books?id=lp7ZmTfl_ckC). Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide. ISBN 1118053575. Retrieved 5 June 2014.

6.

^ "Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees" (http://www.fifa.com/mm/document

/worldfootball/clubfootball/01/37/04/21/interpretation_law05_en.pdf). FIFA. p. 68. Retrieved 5 June 2014.

7.

^ Ask A Referee (http://www.askasoccerreferee.com/?cat=38) Q&A moderated and approved by

United_States_Soccer_Federation

8.

^ See Uefa reduces Real Madrid coach Jose Mourinho's ban (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe

/9244634.stm), BBC Sport website, 6 December 2010, also Uefa investigation into red cards surprises Real Madrid

(http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/9229485.stm), ibid., 26 November 2010

9.

Q&A: So what makes a bad tackle? (http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19707057), BBC Sport

website, 24 September 2012

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fouls_and_misconduct_(association_football)&oldid=615831375"Categories: Laws of association football Association football terminology Misconduct

This page was last modified on 6 July 2014 at 15:46.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms mayapply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.


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A direct free kick


A direct free kick is a method of restarting play in a gameof association football following a foul. Unlike an indirectfree kick, a goal may be scored directly against the opposingside without the ball having first touched another player.

1 Award

2 Procedure

3 Scoring opportunities

4 Infringements/Sanctions

5 Strategy6 See also

7 References

8 External links

A direct free kick is awarded when a player commits a deliberate foul outside of the penalty box (for offsides,

etc., an indirect free kick is awarded). [1] However, if the offence was committed by the defending team withintheir own penalty area, the kick becomes a penalty kick.

The kick is taken from where the foul occurred, unless it was within the fouled team's own goal area, in whichcase it may be taken from anywhere within the goal area. The ball must be stationary prior to being kicked.Opponents must remain 10 yards (9.1 metres) from the ball (also, outside of the penalty area if the kick is takenfrom within the defending team's penalty area) until the ball is in play. Observing the minimum distance limit,the opposite players may choose to form a "wall" between the ball and the goal.

Vanishing foam has been used at the professional level since 2000 to keep the defending players at the rightdistance.

To keep the initiative a quick free kick is sometimes taken without waiting for the opposing players to retirefrom the 9.15 m (10-yard) radius.

The ball becomes in play as soon as it is kicked and moves, unless the kick was taken from within the kickingteam's penalty area, in which case it is in play once it has passed directly beyond the penalty area.

free kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_free_kic

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A defending team attempts to block the direct path to goal with a "wall"

of players.

An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where the

infringement occurred.

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another player:

A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred outside the goalkeeper's

penalty area, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.

An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred inside the goalkeeper's

penalty area, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred.

Most teams have one or two designated free kick takers, depending onthe distance from goal and the side of the field the free kick is to betaken from. The strategy may be to score a goal directly from the freekick, or to use the free kick as the beginning of a set play leading

towards a goal scoring opportunity.

Where there is a potential for a dangerous shot on goal to occur from adirect free kick often the defending side erects a "wall" of playersstanding side-by-side as a barrier to the shot. A kicker who has the skillto curl the ball around a wall is at a distinct advantage.

The 'wall' is the main defensive strategy for a direct free kick. It is asystem of defending part of the goal from a free kick. The processincludes positioning players 10 yards (9.1 metres) from the ball, whilealso joined together and placed in-between the ball and the goal. (See

photo.) The number of players composing the wall varies based ondistance. It is not fully known when the 'wall' was started.

Indirect free kick

^ "When is a direct free-kick awarded?" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4200940.stm). BBC Sport . 1 September 2005. Retrieved 17 December 2009.

1.

Work on your Freekicks (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/skills/7297125.stm)

When is a direct free-kick awarded? (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment

/4200940.stm)


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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_free_kick&oldid=615276951"Categories: Laws of association football Association football tactics and skills

This page was last modified on 2 July 2014 at 10:51.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms mayapply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered

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The referee indicates an indirect free kick by raising his arm above his head until the kick has been taken and ball has touched another player other than the kicker or has gone out of play.

If, when a free kick is taken, an opponent is closer to the ball than the required distance:

the kick is retaken

If, when the free kick is taken by the defending team from inside its own penalty area, the ball does not traveldirectly out of the penalty area:

the kick is retaken

Free kicks taken by a player other than the goalkeeper

If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball again (except with his hands) before it has touched anothe player:

an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where theinfringement occurred

If, after the ball is in play, the kicker deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another player:

a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team the kick is to be taken from the place where theinfringement occurred

a penalty kick is awarded if the infringement occurred inside the kicker's penalty area

Free kick taken by the goalkeeper

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches the ball again (except with his hands), before it has touched another player:

an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where theinfringement occurred

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another player:

a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred outside the goalkeeper's penalty area, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement occurred inside the goalkeeper's penalty area, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred

ect free kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_

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Direct free kick

^ a b "BBC SPORT | Football | Laws & Equipment | When is a free-kick indirect?" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/rules_and_equipment/4200994.stm). BBC News. 2005-09-01. Retrieved 2008-12-07.

1.

Law 13 - Free Kicks (http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/RulesAndRegulations/FIFALawsOfTheGame/Postings/2002/05/Law13.htm) FIFA

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_free_kick&oldid=608530251"Categories: Laws of association football Association football terminology

This page was last modified on 14 May 2014 at 11:14.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms mayapply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

ect free kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_

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Football player Birgit Prinz preparingto take a penalty kick.


A penalty kick (also known as penalty or spot kick ) is a type of directfree kick in association football, taken from 12 yards (approximately 11metres) out from the goal, on the penalty mark.

Penalty kicks are performed during normal play. They are awarded whena foul normally punishable by a direct free kick is committed within thedefending player's own penalty area. Similar kicks are made in a penaltyshootout in some tournaments to determine which team is victoriousafter a drawn match; though similar in procedure, these are not penaltykicks and are governed by slightly different rules.

In practice, penalties are converted to goals more often than not, evenagainst world class goalkeepers. This means that penalty awards areoften decisive, especially in low-scoring games. Missed penalty kicks are often demoralising to players becauseit is an easy opportunity to score.

1 Procedure

2 Tap penalty

3 Infringements

4 Saving tactics

4.1 "Reading" the kicker 4.2 Use of knowledge of kicker's history

4.3 Distraction

5 Scoring statistics

6 History

7 Notes

8 External links

The referee gives the ball to a player on the non-offending team. The referee then instructs the goalkeeper to notcome off of the goal line. While this is happening, the shooter places the ball on the penalty mark and preparesto strike the ball. The referee will then ask the goalkeeper if he/she is ready, and if so blows the whistle whichlets the shooter know he/she may kick the ball. Then the goalkeeper will attempt to make a save on the shot. Butthe shooter cannot move backwards while moving towards the ball or stop when the shooter is very close to the

ball at which time the goalkeeper usually already decided and moved toward one direction. If this happens and agoal is scored, then the kick is retaken. But if this happens and a goal is not scored, then the defense restarts

y kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kic

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with an indirect free kick from the penalty spot.

A two-man penalty or "tap" penalty occurs when the penalty-taker, instead of shooting to score a goal, taps the ball slightly forward and to the side so that a team-mate can run on to it. The team-mate, like all other players,must be at least ten yards from the penalty mark when the ball is kicked. This strategy depends on the element

of surprise, so that the team-mate can reach the ball ahead of any defenders. The first recorded two-man penaltywas taken by Rik Coppens and Andr Piters in the World Cup Qualifying match Belgium v Iceland on 5 June1957. Coppens passed the ball to Piters who returned the favour, allowing the former to score. It was later made

famous by Johan Cruyff in a match for AFC Ajax in 1982 against Helmond Sport. [1]

Arsenal players Thierry Henry and Robert Pirs famously failed in an attempt at a similar penalty in 2005,during a Premier League match against Manchester City at Highbury. Pirs ran in to take the kick, attempted to

pass to the onrushing Henry, but miskicked; as he had touched the ball (but barely moved it), he could not touch

it again, and City defender Sylvain Distin reached the ball before Henry could. [2]

In case of an infringement of the laws of the game during a penalty kick, most commonly entering the goal areaillegally, the referee must consider both whether a goal was scored, and which team committed the offence.

Infringementby

The ball enters thegoal

The ball does NOT enter the goal

Attacking player Penalty is retakenIndirect free kick to the defending team at the place of theinfringement

Defending player Goal Penalty is retaken

Both Penalty is retaken Penalty is retaken

In the case of a player repeatedly infringing the laws during the penalty kick, the referee may caution the player for persistent infringement. Note that all offences that occur before kick are dealt with in this manner, regardlessof the location of the offence.

As with a direct free kick, the kicker may not touch the ball a second time until another player has touched the ball (this precludes a kicker from dribbling the ball closer to the goal). The punishment for such an infringementis an indirect free kick to the opposing team from the point where the offence occurred, unless the touch wasalso the more serious handling offence which is punished with a direct free kick.

If the ball is touched by an outside agent (such as an item thrown onto the field by a spectator) as it movesforward from the kick, the kick is retaken. If the ball rebounds from the goal frame or goalkeeper and such anincident occurs, it is dealt with as in normal play.

"Reading" the kicker


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A penalty being scored by RyanValentine.

Defending against a penalty kick is one of the most difficult tasks agoalkeeper can face. Owing to the short distance between the penaltyspot and the goal, there is very little time to react to the shot. Because of this, the goalkeeper will usually start his or her dive before the ball isactually struck. In effect, the goalkeeper must act on his best predictionabout where the shot will be aimed. Some keepers decide which waythey will dive beforehand, thus giving themselves a good chance of diving in time. Others try to read the kicker's motion pattern. On theother side, kickers often feign and prefer a relatively slow shot in anattempt to foil the keeper. The potentially most fruitful approach,shooting high and centre, i.e. in the space that the keeper will evacuate,also carries the highest risk of shooting above the bar.

As the shooter makes his approach to the ball, the keeper has only a fraction of a second to "read" the shooter'smotions and decide where the ball will go. If their guess is correct, this may result in a saved penalty. HelmuthDuckadam, the goalkeeper of Steaua Bucure ti, saved a record four consecutive penalties in the 1986 EuropeanCup Final against FC Barcelona. He dived three times to the right and a fourth time to his left to save all

penalties taken, securing victory for his team.

Use of knowledge of kicker's history

A goalkeeper may also rely on knowledge of the shooter's past behaviour to inform his decision. An example of this would be by former Netherlands national team goalkeeper Hans van Breukelen, who always had a box withcards with all the information about the opponent's penalty specialist. Ecuadorian goalkeeper Marcelo Elizaga,after saving a penalty from Carlos Tevez in a match between their national teams, revealed that he had studiedsome penalty kicks from Tevez and suspected he was going to shoot to the goalkeeper's left side. Two other examples occurred during the 2006 FIFA World Cup:

Portugal national team goalkeeper Ricardo in a quarter-final match against England, where he saved three

penalties.

1.

The quarter-final match between Argentina and Germany also came down to penalties, and German

goalkeeper Jens Lehmann was seen looking at a piece of paper kept in his sock before each Argentinian

player would come forward for a penalty kick. It is presumed that information on each kicker's "habits"

were written on this paper. Lehmann saved 2 of the 4 penalties taken.

2.

This approach may not always be successful; the player may intentionally switch from his favoured spot after witnessing the goalkeeper obtaining knowledge of his kicks. Most times, especially in amateur football, thegoalkeeper is often forced to guess. Game theoretic research shows that strikers and goalies must randomize

their strategies in precise ways to avoid having the opponent take advantage of their predictability. [3]

Distraction

The goalkeeper also may try to distract the penalty taker, as the expectation is on the penalty taker to succeed,hence more pressure on the penalty taker, making him more vulnerable to mistakes. For example, in the 2008UEFA Champions League Final between Manchester United and Chelsea, United goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar

pointed to his left side when Nicolas Anelka stepped up to take a shot in the penalty shoot out. This was becauseall of Chelsea's penalties went to the left. Anelka's shot instead went to Van der Sar's right, which was saved.


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A goalkeeper makes a save from a penalty kick

Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar used a famous method of distracting the players called the "spaghettilegs" trick to help his club defeat Roma to win the 1984 European Cup. This tactic was emulated in the 2005UEFA Champions League Final, which Liverpool also won, by Liverpool's goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek, helping histeam defeat AC Milan.

An illegal method of saving penalties is for the goalkeeper to make a quick and short jump forward just beforethe penalty taker connects with the ball. This not only shuts down the angle of the shot, but also distracts the

penalty taker. The method was used by Brazilian goalkeeper Taffarel. FIFA was less strict on the rule duringthat time. In more recent times, FIFA has advised all referees to strictly obey the rule book.

Similarly, a goalkeeper may also attempt to delay a penalty by cleaning his boots, asking the referee to see if the ball is placed properly and other delaying tactics. This method builds more pressure on the penalty taker, but thegoalkeeper may risk punishments, most likely a yellow card.

Even if the keeper does manage to block the shot, the ball may rebound back to the shooter or one of his team-mates for another shot, with the

keeper often in poor position to make a second save. This makes saving penalty kicks astonishingly difficult. This is not a concern in penaltyshoot-outs, where just a single shot is permitted.

These factors would give one the impression that penalty kicks arescored almost 100% of the time. Missed penalty kicks, however, are notuncommon despite the simple circumstances. For instance, of the 78

penalty kicks taken during the 200506 English Premier League season,

57 resulted in a goal, meaning almost 30% of the penalties were unsuccessful. [4]

A German professor who has been studying penalty statistics in the German Bundesliga for 16 years found that76% of all the penalties during those 16 years went in, and 99% of the shots in the higher half of the goal wentin, although the higher half of the goal is generally a more risky target to aim at. During his career, Italianstriker Roberto Baggio had two occurrences where his shot hit the upper bar, bounced downwards, reboundedoff the keeper and passed the goal line for a goal.

The early origin of the penalty kick probably lies in rugby football, as shown in early match reports, for

example in 1888: "Dewsbury was awarded a penalty kick in front of the goal" [5] The concept of a penalty goal

for fouls within 2 yards (1.8 m) of the goal was suggested at a Sheffield FA meeting in 1879.[6]

The invention othe penalty kick is also credited to the goalkeeper and businessman William McCrum in 1890 in Milford,

County Armagh, Ireland. [7]

The Irish Football Association presented the idea to the International Football Association Board and finally

after much debate, the board approved the idea on 2 June 1891. [8]

Influencing factors were for the Scottish Football Association on 20 December 1890 in the Scottish Cup

quarter-final between East Stirlingshire 1 and Heart of Midlothian 3 when Jimmy Adams [9] fisted the ball out

from under the bar. [10][11] and for the FA on 14 February 1891 a blatant goal-line handball by a Notts County


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player in the FA Cup quarter-final against Stoke City, which came into effect in the 189192 season. The

world's first penalty kick was awarded to Airdrieonians in 1891 at Broomfield Park. [12] The first penalty kick inthe Football League was awarded to Wolverhampton Wanderers in their game against Accrington at Molineux

Stadium on 14 September 1891. The penalty was taken and scored by "Billy" Heath [13] as Wolves went on towin the game 50.

^ Dart, James (26 October 2005). "Who took the first two-man penalty?" (http://www.guardian.co.uk/football

/2005/oct/26/theknowledge.sport). The Guardian (London).

1.

^ "Wenger defends Pires over penalty" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/4368116.stm). BBC

News . 22 October 2005.

2.

^ Testing Mixed-Strategy Equilibria When Players Are Heterogeneous: The Case of Penalty Kicks in Soccer

(http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083302), 1 September 2002, retrieved 2014-06-29

3.

^ [1] (http://stats.premierleague.com)4.

^ The Leeds Mercury (Leeds, England), Monday, 12 November 1888; Issue 15788.5.^ Murphy, Brendan (2007). From Sheffield with Love . Sports Book Limited. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-899807-56-7.6.

^ Daily Telegraph Monday 9 April 2007 p5 (see article on Telegraph online (http://www.telegraph.co.uk

/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/04/09/npen09.xml))

7.

^ The Sunday Times Illustrated History of Football Reed International Books Limited. 1996. p11. ISBN

1-85613-341-9

8.

^ James Adams A Squad (http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/football_player_profile.cfm?page=823&playerID=112854&

squadID=1), Scottish Football Association.

9.

^ londonhearts.com (http://londonhearts.com/scores/games/189012201.html)10.

^ londonhearts.com (http://londonhearts.com/scores/images/1890/1890122015.htm)11.

^ Visit Lanarkshire Airdire (http://www.visitlanarkshire.com/places/towns-and-villages/airdrie/)12.

^ "Happened on this day 14 September" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/funny_old_game/2257279.stm). BBC

News . 14 September 2002. Retrieved 2010-05-22.

13.

History of Laws of the Game From 1863 to the Present Day (http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball

/history/law/summary.html)Penalty Kick Games (http://jocuricufotbalonline.com/penalty/)

2014 Irish Examiner article by Dr R Hume (http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/irishman-

put-football-on-spot-with-penalties-272283.html)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penalty_kick&oldid=617025656"Categories: Laws of association football Association football terminology


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A player performing a throw-induring a game.


A throw-in is a method of restarting play in a game of associationfootball when the ball has exited the side of the field of play.

1 Procedure

1.1 Handspring throw-in

2 Infringements

3 Strategy

4 Historical origins of the throw-in

5 References

6 External links

The throw-in is taken from the point where the ball crossed thetouch-line. The throw-in is taken by the opponents of the player who last touched the ball when it crossed the

touch-line, either on the ground or in the air. [1] Opposing players may stand at any distance from the thrower but no closer than 2 m (2.2 yd), so long as they are still on the pitch. A player may take a throw in at a distance

further back from the touch-line, and, typically, a referee will tolerate small discrepancies between the positionwhere the ball crossed the touch-line and the position of the throw in.

At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must face the field of play. He should have part of each foot

either on the touch line or on the ground outside the touch line, [2] and use both hands to deliver the ball from behind and over their head from the point where the ball left the field of play.

The ball becomes in play as soon as it enters the field of play.

A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in. [3]

An own goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in if a player throws the ball directly into his goalwithout any other player touching it the result is a corner kick to the opposing side.

A player may not be penalised for an offside offence when receiving the ball directly from a throw-in. [4]

Handspring throw-in

The handspring throw-in is a dramatic type of throw-in, rarely used in competitive games, where the player completes a front handspring (somersault) while holding the ball. Instead of landing on the hands during thehandspring, the player's weight is momentarily supported entirely by the ball. This type of throw-in follows the

w-in - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throw-

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A player performing ahandspring throw-in

rules that require the player to have both feet on the ground when he is releasing the ball, and that the ball is thrown from behind the head. Strong abdominal muscles

are required for this throw-in. [5]

Steve Watson of Newcastle United was famed for this technique and was able tothrow the ball over 30 m. Brazilian Leah Lynn Gabriela Fortune has also been

reported to be able to throw over 30 yards (27 m) with the technique. [6]

If an opposing player fails to respect the required distance (2m) before the ball is in play or otherwise unfairly distracts or impedes the thrower, he may receive acaution (yellow card) for unsporting behavior.

If the thrower fails to deliver the ball as per the required procedure, or delivers it from a point other than wherethe ball left the field of play, the throw-in is awarded to the opposing team. This is commonly known as a "foul

throw", [7] though such throws are not considered fouls.

It is an infringement for the thrower to touch the ball a second time until it has been touched by another player;this is punishable by an indirect free kick to the opposing team from where the offence occurred, unless thesecond touch was also a more serious handling offence, in which case it is punishable by a direct free kick or

penalty kick.

A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw in, nor can an own-goal. The restarts for each are a goal kick for the defending team, and a corner kick for the opposing team, respectively.

A goal keeper cannot handle a ball thrown directly to him by a teammate. This cannot be circumvented by thekeeper using his feet first before handling the ball. If this infringement occurs within the goalkeeper's penalty

area, an indirect free kick is awarded. If the infringement occurs outside the goalkeeper's penalty area, a directfree kick is awarded.

If, in the event that the goalkeeper takes the throw-in, the goalkeeper cannot touch the ball again until it hastouched another player once it is in play. The proper restart for this infringement is an indirect free kick.

The optimal release angle for attaining maximum distance is about 30 degrees, according to researchers at

Brunel University. [8] This angle balances the objectives of maximising height, which allows the ball more time

to travel horizontally, while minimising air resistance, which slows the ball thus reducing its horizontal distance.Delivering the ball into the penalty area from a long distance with a throw-in can be a great attacking skill,similar to a corner kick or an indirect free kick. This is a difficult distance to reach with a throw-in, and theability to do so is a valuable skill. An early exponent of the skill was Bill Shankly when playing for CarlisleUnited and Preston North End in the 1930s. Shankly's dedication was such that he used to practise long throwsduring his summer breaks when he returned to his home village. He would throw balls over a row of houses and

get the small boys of the village to fetch them back for him. [9]

Rory Delap, a midfielder for Burton Albion is known for his long-throw abilities having resulted in many goalsfor Stoke. In fact, the danger factor of Delap's long throw-ins for Stoke have resulted in opponents preferring to


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Stoke City's Rory Delap delivering a longthrow.

put the ball out for a corner rather than for a throw-in.

The modern throw-in comes from the nineteenth century English public school football games. In these codes of football a varietyof methods of returning the ball into play from touch were used.

The modern throw-in draws upon various aspects of a number early English school games. For example, returning the ball bythrowing it out was part of the Rugby and Cheltenham footballrules. Like the modern throw-in the direction was not specified.The Sheffield rules instigated the throw in of the ball at rightangles by the opposite side to the one that played it into

touch. [10] The two handed throw incalled line-outis part of rugby union football. That the first side reaching the ball must throw it out (at right angles, in this case) was partof the Football Association rules and the Rossall rules.

^ FIFA, http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lotg_en.pdf, Laws of the Game, p.46,

July 2008, accessed 13 May 2011

1.

^ http://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/laws/football-11-11/law-15---the-throw-in.aspx2.

^ http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law

/newsid=1290875.html

3.

^ http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame/law/newsid=1290867.html4.

^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zgg5QvxJvp05.

^ http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/spt/soccer/stories6.^ http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Question/14826/7.

^ http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/06011498.

^ LFCHistory.net Carlisle United (http://www.shankly.com/article/2396)9.

^ Football: The first hundred years. The untold story. Adrian Harvey. Routledge, Abingdon 2005 page 18410.

FIFA Laws of the Game Law 15) (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport

/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290875.html)

Q&A on Throw Ins(from AskTheRef.com) (http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Search

/Law/Throw%20In/-)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Throw-in&oldid=614027739"Categories: Laws of association football Sports terminology

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Saint-tienne goalkeeper Mline Grard takes agoal kick.


A goal kick , called agoalie kick in some regions, is amethod of restarting play in a game of association football.Its procedure is dictated by Law 16 of the Laws of theGame.[1]

1 Award2 Procedure3 Infringements4 References

A goal kick is awarded to the defending team when the ball goes out of the field of play by crossing, ethe ground or in the air, the goal line (but not the portion between the posts and under the crossbar whconstitute a goal) when the last person to touch the ball was from the attacking team. If the last personthe ball was a member of the defending side, a corner kick is instead awarded to the attackers.

A goal kick is awarded to the defending team when the ball is struck directly into the goal by the attac

from an indirect free kick.

The ball is initially placed anywhere within the defending goal area. All opposing players must bthe penalty area until the ball is in play. The ball must be kicked (a goalkeeper may not pick up tThe ball becomes in play as soon as it leaves the penalty area if any player makes contact with before it becomes in play the kick is retaken. If the ball fails to leave the penalty area the kick is A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick as a goal kick is a direct free kick, but only againopposing team. An own goal cannot be scored from a goal kick; in the highly unlikely circumstathe ball happened to land directly into the kicker's own goal a corner kick would be awarded to topposing team.A player may not be penalised for being in an offside position directly from a goal kick.[2]

Goal kicks are most often taken by goalkeepers, however this is not compulsory under the laws ogame.

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Opposing players must retire the required distance as stated above. Failure to do so promptly so may cmisconduct and be punished by a caution (yellow card). If an opposing player enters the penalty area b ball is in play, the goal kick may be retaken.

If any player touches the ball after it is kicked, but before it is in play (i.e. before the whole of the ball

the penalty area), the goal kick is retaken. It is an infringement for the kicker to touch the ball a secondonce the ball is in play (i.e. when it has left the penalty area), before it has been touched by another plais punishable by an indirect free kick to the opposing team from where the offence occurred, unless thtouch was also a more serious handling offence, which is punished by a direct free kick for the oppositeam.[3]

^ "FIFA.com The Laws of the Game Law 16: The Goal-Kick" (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290877.html). FIFA. RetrJune 2014.

1.

^ "FIFA.com The Laws of the Game Law 11: Offside" (http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegam/law/newsid=1290867.html.html). FIFA. Retrieved 9 April 2012.

2.

^ "Law 16 The Goal Kick" (http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeiof-the-game/law/newsid=1290877.html). FIFA. Retrieved 4 March 2014.

3.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goal_kick&oldid=613660184"Categories: Laws of association football

This page was last modified on 20 June 2014 at 08:10.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a regitrademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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A picture of the exact moment the blue-white team's corner kick is taken.


A corner kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football. It was first devised in Sheffield under theSheffield Rules 1867. It was adopted by the Football Association on17 February 1872.

A corner kick is awarded to the attacking team when the ball leavesthe field of play by crossing the goal line (either on the ground or inthe air) without a goal having been scored, having been last touched

by a defending player. The kick is taken from the corners of thefield of play nearest to where the ball crossed the goal line. Cornersare considered to be a reasonable goalscoring opportunity for theattacking side, though not as much as a penalty kick or a direct freekick near the edge of the penalty area.

The assistant referee will signal that a corner should be awarded byfirst raising his flag, then using it to point at the corner arc on their side of the pitch; however, this is not anindication of which side the kick should be taken from. The referee then awards the corner by pointing to therelevant arc.

1 Procedure

1.1 Infringements

1.2 Tactics in taking and defending a corner

1.2.1 Short corner

1.3 Scoring a goal direct from a corner

2 Using corner kicks as a tie-breaker

3 Own goal anomalies

4 References

5 External links

When taking a corner kick, the ball is initially placed so that some part of the ball is within the corner arcclosest to where the ball went out of play. The corner arc is located at the intersection of the goalline and touchline and has a radius of one yard. All defending players must be at least ten yards (9.15 metres) from thecorner arc until the corner kick is taken. A corner kick is taken as soon as the ball is kicked and moves.

The attacking side may score directly from a corner kick, though this is uncommon.

r kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corner_kic

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Player takes a corner kick

Corner kick at UEFA Europa League200910

An attacking player who directly receives the ball from a corner kick cannot be penalised for offside.

Infringements

Opposing players must retire the required distance as stated above.Failure to do so may constitute misconduct and be punished by a

caution (yellow card).It is an offence for the kicker to touch the ball a second time until ithas been touched by another player; this is punishable by an indirect

free kick to the defending team from where the offence occurred [1]

unless the second touch was also a more serious offence, in whichcase other punishment such as a direct free kick is awarded to defending team.

Tactics in taking and defending a corner

A common tactic is for several attackers to stand close in front of the goal, whereupon the corner taker crosses the ball for them tohead into the goal.

The defending team may choose to form a wall of players in anattempt to force the ball to be played to an area which is more easilydefended. However, this is not done often because defending

players must remain at least 10 yards from the ball until it is in play.

The defending team also has the choice of whether to instruct a player to place him or herself beside one or both of the goalposts to provide protection to the goal in addition to the goalkeeper. Thethinking behind placing a player beside a goalpost is that it means more of the goal area is protected and there isno loss in the ability to play an offside trap because offside does not apply for the first touch from a corner, and it compensates for a keeper's positioning and/or reach.

The defending team also has to decide how many players it needs to defend a corner. Teams may withdrawevery player into a defensive area, however this diminishes the potential for a counter-attack if possession isregained, and as such, allows the attacking side to commit more players to attacking the goal. Withdrawing all

players into a defensive area also means that if the ball is cleared from an initial cross, it is more than likely thatthe attacking team will regain possession of the ball and begin a new attack.

In situations where a set-piece, such as a corner, is awarded to a side trailing by a single goal at the closingstages of a match where conceding further is of minimal consequence (i.e. in a knockout tournament) a teammay commit all their players, including their goalkeeper, to the attack.

Short corner

An alternative strategy for the attacking team is to take a short corner . The ball is kicked to a player located within ten yards of the kicker, to create a better angle of approach toward the goal.

A rarely seen "trick" version of the short corner was famously attempted during a tense top-of-the-table Premier League clash between Manchester United and Chelsea in the 200809 season, causing much controversy and

r kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corner_kic

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The ball, shot by Cesreo Onzari,scores a goal for Argentinaagainst Uruguay. This was thefirst goal scored direct from acorner, in 1924.

media discussion. The strategy involved United's Wayne Rooney, standing at the corner flag, pretending tochange his mind about taking the corner and signalling to winger Ryan Giggs to do it instead. While leaving thearc, however, Rooney sneakily touched the ball, effectively putting it into play. With Chelsea's defenceunprepared and expecting a conventional corner, Giggs took the ball, sprinted with it towards goal and crossed it for teammate Cristiano Ronaldo to score with a header. On this occasion, the goal was immediatelydisallowed after the linesman, not having seen Rooney's taking of the corner, raised his flag, thus prompting thereferee to stop play. The end result did not change much, though, as Manchester United did score again whenthe corner was retaken. The strategy is rare, as its great strength is the element of surprise.

Scoring a goal direct from a corner

It is possible to score direct from a corner kick (as a corner kick is a directfree kick) if sufficient swerve is given to the kick, and/or there is a strongenough wind blowing in the goalward direction. However, it was illegaluntil the International Football Association Board (IFAB) meeting of 15

June 1924 authorised it for the following season. [2][3] This type of goal is

called an Olympic goal or Olympic kick ,[4] or gol olmpico in Latin

America.[2]

The name dates from 2 October 1924, when Argentina'sCesreo Onzari scored against Uruguay, who had just won the 1924

Olympic title. [2][5] (The first such goal was thought to have been scored byBilly Alston in Scotland on 21 August 1924, but further research showed that match had been played on 23 August 1923, and the goal was actually a

header. [2]) The first in England was by Huddersfield Town's Billy Smith on11 October 1924. The world record holder is Massimo Palanca with 13goals. It remains a rare occurrence, often accomplished by fluke rather than

intent, and with the goalkeeper usually blamed for an error. [5]

Megan Rapinoe of the United States women's national soccer team scored an Olympic goal direct from a corner kick in the semifinal match between the United States and Canada in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London

becoming the first player ever to score an "Olympic Goal" during an Olympic match. [6] The only Olympic goalin the World Cup was scored for Colombia by Marcos Coll, beating goalkeeper Lev Yashin in a 44 draw withthe Soviet Union in 1962.

The number of corner kicks awarded to each team has been suggested [7] as an alternative method of tie-breaking to the current penalty shootout method. The theory behind this suggestion is that the team which

during the course of play has been awarded the most corner kicks is likely to have dominated play, forcing their opponents to make more high-risk tackles and their goalkeeper to make more saves in which he was not able togain possession of the ball but rather merely deflect it across the line outside of the goal or over the crossbar.The use of corner-kick counts as a tie-breaker has not been approved by the International Football AssociationBoard, and as such is not used in any high-level competition.

A major critique [8] of this suggestion to use corner kicks as a tie-breaker is the influence it could have on thegame. In matches that are tied with time running out, players may be more likely to focus on winning as manycorner kicks as possible and not worry about trying to actually score a goal that would win them the game. Thisis because it is much easier to get a corner kick than it is to score a goal. Having corner kicks as tie breakers

r kick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor

Documents

SOCCER Laws of Game