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Chemistry is the study of matter and its composition
Discovery of interactions between different types of matter (reactions)
Properties of matter can be manipulated for use by man
Properties of matter are characteristics that help you describe and identify matter
Properties can be described or measured
Subcategorized into physical and chemical properties
Physical property is a property that you can observe without changing one kind of matter into something new
Qualitative observations are based on qualities of the matter
Quantitative observations can be measured with a number and unit
Qualitative includes:
1)Physical state2)Colour3)Odour4)Crystal shape5)Malleability6)Ductility7)Hardness8)Brittleness
Quantitative includes:
1)Melting point2)Boiling point3)Density4)Solubility5)Electrical
conductivity6)Thermal
conductivity
A chemical property is a property that you can observe when one kind of matter is converted into a different kind of matter
Example: A chemical property of iron is that is reacts with oxygen to form rust
Qualitative includes:
1)Reactivity with water
2)Reactivity with air3)Reactivity with pure
oxygen4)Reactivity with acids5)Reactivity with pure
substances6)Combustibility
Quantitative includes:
1)Toxicity2)Decomposition
QuantitySI Definition SI Units Equipment used
Mass The amount of matter in an object
Gramskg, g, mg, ug
Balance
Length The distance between two points
Metresm, cm, mm
Ruler
Temperature The hotness or coldness of a substance
Kelvin (K)Degrees Celsius (oC)
Thermometer
Volume The amount of space an object occupies
Cubic metre (m3)Litre (L)Millilitre (ml)
Beaker, graduated cylinder, pipette, calculated
Mole The amount of a substance
Mole (mol) Calculated
Density Mass per unit of volume
Kg/m3 Calculated or measured
Energy The capacity to do work (to move matter)
Joule (J) Calculated
Significant digits are used for accuracy and precision
Accuracy refers to how close a given quantity is to an accepted or expected value
Precision refers to the exactness of a measurement
Matter can be classified as either a gas, liquid, or solid
Generally, as you add energy, particles move faster and farther apart
As you remove energy, particles move closer and become attracted to each other
Chemical changes are changes that alter the composition of matter
Clues include:1)Change in colour2)Temperature change3)Gas forms4)Precipitate forms5)Irreversible
Matter is either a pure substance or mixture
Pure substances have a definite composition, has the same response to physical changes
Mixtures are a physical combination of two or more kinds of matter
Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated chemically into any simpler substances
Compounds are pure substances that result when two or more elements combine chemically into a new substance
Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that are visibly separate
Homogenous mixtures are mixtures that are cannot be separated by eye