snaiperTa momzadeba saswavlo-meTodikuri saxelmZRvanelo

winamdebade saswavlo-meTodikuri saxelmZRvanelo damuSavebulia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mier. is gankuTvnilia saxmeleTo jaris oficrebisaTvis, serJantebisa da jariskacebisaTvis

winasityvaoba1

Tanamedrove saerTo-sajariso brZolis pirobebSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom iyeneben brZolis Tanamedrove saSuelebebs, snaiperis roli uwindebulad mniSvnelovania. gamocdili snaiperis xelSi SaSxana _ mrisxave iaraRia. rogorc meore msoflio omisa da lokaluri omebis gamocdilebam gviCvena, saSualod erT moklulze omis dros ixarjeba ramdenime tona liToni, snaiperi ki sabrZolo amocanis Sesrulebaze xarjavs sul ramdenime gram liTons, Cveulebriv, erTi gasroliT azianebs mowinaaRmdeges. snaiperi aris specialurad momzadebuli, gansakuTrebiT zustad msroleli, romelic saukeTesod flobs (romelmac saukeTesod icis) srolis, SeniRbvisa da TvalTvalis xelovnebas. brZolis dros snaipers mniSvnelovani (didi) Tavisufleba eZleva sabrZolo amocanis Sesasruleblad. amitom, is unda iyos taqtikurad momzadebuli, SeeZlos swrafi da kargi orientireba adgilmdebareobaze rogorc dRisiT, aseve RamiT. mas unda SeeZlos topografiuli rukis kiTxva, adgilmdebareobaze swrafi, moxerxebuli da faruli gadaadgileba. imisaTvis, rom snaiperma warmatebiT Seasrulos sabrZolo amocana, didi mniSvneloba aqvs adgilmdebareobis moxerxebul gamoyenebas, SeniRbvisa da TvalTvalis warmoebis xelovnebiscodnas. Tanamedrove brZolaSi, rodesac mowinaaRmdege yovelmxriv iyenebs SeniRbvis sxvadasxva saSualebas, brZolis velze miznis aRmoCena ioli saqme rodia. snaiperma, sakuTari Tavis gaumJRavneblad, moTminebiT da daJinebiT unda uTvalTvalos mowinaaRmdeges, risTvisac unda gamoiyenos adgilmdebareobis yoveli nakeci, moxerxebulad SearCios safarebi. SeumCneveli (odnav SesamCnevi) niSnebiT man unda moZebnos mizani, moxerxebul moments daucados da pirvelive gasroliT umokles droSi daazianos is. imisaTvis, rom snaiperis momzadebaSi saukeTeso Sedegebs miaRwion, meTaurebma unda gaiazron am momzadebis miznebi da amocanebi da aseTive gageba da mizanswrafva gamoumuSavon (Caunergon) im pirebs, romlebsac aswavlian (amzadeben); maT naTlad (mkafiod) unda warmoidginon snaiperis momzadebis (swavla-aRzrdis) Sinaarsi, Tanamimdevroba da xerxebi; maT naTlad2

da gasagebad unda axsnan saswavlo masala da daukavSiron adre Seswavlil sakiTxebs; yovel mecadineobaze unda Semowmdes rogor iTviseben snaiperebi Sesaswavl masalas. snaiperTa momzadebis amocanebis warmatebiT Sesrulebis ZiriTadi pirobebia im oficerTa da serJantTa maRali Teoriuli, praqtikuli da meTodikuri momzadeba, romlebic snaiperTa momzadebas xelmZRvaneloben; snaiperTa momzadebis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisi materialuri bazis arseboba; iaraRis mudmivad qona sabrZolo mza mdgomareobaSi. snaiperebis momzadeba unda Catardes Teoriisa da praqtikis Seswavlis dros Tanamimdevrobis principis dacviT (martividan rTulze gadasvlis principis). sagnis myarad aTvisebis umniSvnelovanesi piroba adre Seswavlili masalis gameoreba da varjiSebis sistematuroba. garda amisa, unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli yoveli Semswavlelis individualuri Tvisebebi, romlebic meTaurs daexmarebian saukeTeso (yvelaze maRali) Sedegebis miRebaSi (miRwevaSi); maTi gaTvaliswineba xels Seuwyobs snaiperis Tvisebebis ganviTarebas, xelqveiTTa ostatobis miRwevas snaiperis saqmianobaSi. xelqveiTebs unda miuTiTon maTi nakli da am naklis aRmofxvris gzebi. sasnaipero xelovnebis ganviTarebis istoria mizanSi zustad msrolel-monadiris xelovneba aseuli wlebis win Caisaxa (daibada) ruseTSi da mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi ganuwyvetliv viTardeba. amitom, sruli safuZveli arsebobs imisaTvis, rom ruseTi CaiTvalos sasnaipero xelovnebis samSoblod. msrolel-monadiris ganviTarebis da daxelovnebis procesi ruseTSi ori mimarTulebiT mimdinareobda. erTi, ufro adrindeli saxalxo-kazakoba; meore, oficialuri, samTvarobo-narCevi saStucero msrolel-gamanadgureblebi, msrolel-monadireebi saegero nawilebSi. jer kidev dimitri donelis dros moskovis samTavros sazRvrebze Cndebodnen kazakTa pirveli sadarajoebi. boiarTa TviTnebobas da mZime feodalur eqspluatacias glexoba stepebSi gaurboda. iq isini iZulebulebi iyvnen momTabareTa Tavdasxmebisagan daecvaT Tavi. isini imalebodnen stepebis maRal balaxSi, buCqnarSi, mdinareebis

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napirebze da uTvalTvalebdnen momTabareTa gadaadgilebas. isini ebrZodnen mowinaaRdeges mdinareTa fonebze da gadasasvlelebze. daundobel brZolaSi xdeboda saukeTeso mebrZolisa da moTvalTvalis uSiSari da frTxili meomris sabrZolo Tvisebebis gamomuSaveba. es sabrZolo Tvisebebi Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda. rusul armiaSi msrolel-gamanadgureblebi ufro gvian gaCndnen, vidre kazakTa jarSi, magram mniSvnelovnad ufro adre, vidre dasavleTevropul saxelmwifoebSi. pirveli nabijebi am mimarTulebiT petre I-ma gadadga. mis samxedro wesdebaSi iyo naTqvami, rom yoveli muSketeri gansakuTrebulad unda isrodes. Tavisi specialuri brZanebulebiT is moiTxovda saukeTeso msrolelebis SerCevas, StucerebiT maT SeiaraRebas da brZolaSi ,,gansakuTrebulad gamoyenebas. XVIII saukunis samocian wlebSi rusma mxedarTmTavarma rumiancevma miaRwia imas, rom yovel polkSi Seiqmna egerTa razmebi, romlebic StucerebiT iyvnen SeiaraRebulebi. egerTa aRWurviloba maqsimalurad iyo Semsubuqebuli (gansubuqebuli). maT daSnis magier danebs aZlevdnen, SemoRebuli iyo specialuri damcavi tansacmeli, mocilebuli hqondaT mbzinavi balTebi da sirmebi. Sedgenili iyo agreTve specialuri brZanebulebebi brZolaSi egerTa moqmedebebis Sesaxeb. maTSi iyo naTqvami tyeSi, xeebze da sxva adgilis SerCevis aucileblobis Sesaxeb; saWiro iyo Cumad wola da gasrolis manZilze mowinaaRmdegis moaxloebisas _ zusti cecxliT (sroliT) misi gangmirva (dazianeba). ruseT-TurqeTis omis dros (1768-1774 ww.) rusi egerebi didi warmatebiT moqmedebdnen brZolaSi largTan da kagulTan, sadac TurqeTis armia, romelic 10 jer aRemateboda ruseTis armias, iyo ganadgurebuli. didma rusma mxedarmTavarma suvorovma mtkice safuZveli Cauyara msrolel-monadirTa sacecxle momzadebas da sabrZolo gamoyenebas. msrolelebs irCevdnen saukeTeso jariskacTa rigebidan, romlebic iyvnen gamZleebi da sazrianebi. maT saukeTeso iaraRs aZlevdnen da yvelanairad gamoumuSavebdnen

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maT dakvirvebulobas, moxerxebulobas, swrafad da zustad srolis unars, aswavlidnen samxedro xrikebs. aranakleb mniSvnelobas aniWebda egerTa xelovnebas kutuzovic. borodinosTan brZolaSi egerTa polkma moigeria 7000 flangis swrafi ieriSi. safrangeTis elCma ruseTSi kolenkurma dawera, rom erT brZolaSi maT arasodes daukargavT amdeni generali da oficeri. isini mwyobridan ruseTis armiis msrolel-monadireebs gamohyavdaT. XIX saukunis bolos da XX saukunis dasawyisSi mkveTrad gaizarda TofiT (SaSxaniT) warmoebuli cecxlis mniSvneloba. cnobilma rusma gamomgonebelma mosinma Seqmnna brwyinvale samxaziani? saSxana. ruseT-iaponiis omSi 1904-1905 wlebSi yovel aseulSi iniSneboda 5-6 saukeTeso msroleli mowinaaRmdegis ufrosebisa da artileriisaTvis cecxlis dasaSenad. ase magaliTad, msrolelma kasili proxorovma mowinaaRmdegis 76 jariskaci, xolo misma Svilma nikiforem _ 51 jariskaci gaanadgura. pirveli msoflio omis dros 1914-1918 ww. ruseTis armias ukve hqonda snaiperis SaSxana optikuri samizniT. sasnaipero saqme gansakuTrebiT ganviTarda sabWoTa periodSi. specialur kursebze ,, (1929 wlidan) amzadebdnen snaiperebs da sasnaipero saqmis xelmZRvanelebs. mogvianebiT snaiperebs amzadebdnen osoaviaqimis specialur kursebsa da samxedro nawilebSi. 1941 wlisatvis witel armias gaaCnda (hyavda) snaiperebis mniSvnelovanii kadrebi. didi samamulo omis brZolis velebze faSistebs Zalzed eSinodad sabWoTa snaiperebis. omis Semdgom wlebSi snaiperTa momzadeba kidev ufro ganviTarda. Tanamedrove saerTo-sajariso brZolis moTxovnebi snaiperTa momzadebisadmi Tanamedrove brZolaSi, romelsac axasiaTebs gansakuTrebuli dinamizmi (dinamikuroba) da mwvave brZola iniciativis mosapoveblad, sabrZolo amocanis warmatebiT Sesrulebis mizniT

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snaipers sWirdeba (omis da jarebis sabrZolo swavlebis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare): _ iaraRis qona mudmivad brZolisaTvis mza mdgomareobaSi, snaiperis SaSxanis materialuri nawilis srulyofili (zedmowvniT kargi) codna; agreTve srolis dros SesaZlo Seferxebebisa da uwesivrobebis da maTi aRmofxvris xerxebis codna, iaraRis cemis (srolis) Semowmeba da misi gamizvna ( ), optikuri samiznis Semowmeba, Ramis samiznis daTvalierebis, Semowmebis da samuSaod momzadebis wesis codna; _ sxvadasxva mdgomareobaSi, rogorc moZraobaSi, aseve sxvadasxva safaris gamoyenebiT adgilidan srolis xerxebis Sesrulebis avtomatizmamde dayvana; _ brZolis velze faruli gadaadgilebis, srolisaTvis adgilis SerCevadakavebis, poziciis mowyobis, SeniRbvisa da misi swrafad Secvlis xerxebis floba; _ brZolis velis uwyveti da guldagul (gulmodgined) TvalTvalis warmoeba da sakuTari Tavis gaumJRavnelad miznis moZebna naklebad SesamCnevi ganmniRbavi niSnebiT; _ dasazianebeli miznis drouli da swori SerCeva, srolisaTvis monacemebis swrafad da zustad momzadeba; _ sxvadasxva miznebSi cecxlis warmoeba da misi moxerxebuli koreqtireba; _ taqtikurad swori moqmedeba brZolis velze rogorc calke, aseve snaiperTa wyvilebis SemadgenlobaSi; _ fizikuri Tvisebebis: Zalis, simarjvis da, rac mTavaria, gamZleobis yovelmxriv ganviTareba. snaiperTa SeiaraRebaSi iricxeba dragunovis snaiperis SaSxana; axali ufro gaumjobesebuli optikuri samizne da, rac mTavaria, msrolelis universaluri Ramis samizne, romelic mniSvnelovnad zrdis (afarToebs) snaiperis SesaZleblobebs RamiT brZolis dros. snaiperis codnis, moxerxebulobis da Cvevebis mTeli kompleqsi, romelic unda icodes Tanamedrove snaiperma, yalibdeba da ixveweba yoveldRiuri sabrZolo swavlis Catarebisas (msvlelobisas).

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snaiperis SeiaraRebis, srolisa da TvalTvalis xelsawyoebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi snaiperis SaSxana snaiperebi SeiaraRebulebi arian 7,62 mm-iani dragunovis snaiperis SaSxaniT (, nax. 1). snaiperis SaSxaniT warmoebuli cecxli yvelaze efeqtiania 800 m-is manZilze. optikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT srolis dros damiznebis manZili 1300 m-ia, xolo Ria samiznis gamoyenebisas _ 1200 m. pirdapiri gasrolis manZili mkerdis figuraSi srolis dros 430 m., mTeli (sruli) simaRlis figuraSi _ 640 m. sabrZolo swrafsrola Seadgens wuTSi 30 gasrolas. xiSt-danis gareSe SaSxanis masa optikur samiznesTan, auRWurav savazne kolofTan da kondaxis ybasTan erTad 4,3 kg-ia. snaiperis SaSxaniT calkeuli gasrolebiT isvrian. mTavari piroba, romelic uzrunvelyofs snaiperis SaSxaniT srolis umtyuneblobas, aris misi sruli wesivruloba da mudmivi mzadyofna gamoyenebisaTvis. amas aRweven SaSxanis materialuri nawilis kargi codniT, kargi movla-patronobiT, regularuli daTvalierebiT da perioduli SemowmebiT da gamizvniT. SaSxanis, optikuri samiznis, savazne kolofis da sakuTnos uwesivrobebi dauyovnebliv unda aRmoifxvras. Tu uwesvirobis aRmofxvra qvedanayofSi SeuZlebelia, maSin SaSxana, optikuri samizne, savazne kolofebi saremonto saxelosnoSi igzavneba. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom snaiperma icodes uwesivrobebi, romlebic arRveven SaSxanis normalur cemas (srolas), ras iwveven isini da rogor aRmoifxvras isini. damaxasiaTebeli uwesivrobebi, romlebic SaSxanis normalur srolas arRveven.

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1. niSani (samizne) moglejili an gaRunulia, gadaxrilia gverdze, zeviT an qveviT _ tyviebi gadaixreba niSnis moRunvis (gadanacvlebis) sawinaaRmdego mxares. Tu aseTi uwesivroba (niSani moglejilTan gaRunulia) aqvs SaSxanas, is saxelosnoSi unda Caabaron niSnis (samiznis) gamosacvlelad. niSnis gverdze gadanacvlebisas saWiroa niSnis safuZvlis gadanacvleba Sesabamis mxares manamde, vidre niSnis mcvelis kawrulebi SeuTavsdeba niSnis safuZvlis wina torsze arsebul centralur kawruls. maTi SeTavsebis siswore sroliT mowmdeba. rodesac niSani zeviT an qveviTaa gadanacvlebuli, saWiroa SaSxanis gamizvna. 2. samiznis Tamasa gaRunuli an gamrudebulia _ tyviebi gadaixreba samiznis Tamasis ganaWeris gadanacvlebis mxares; es uwesivroba mxolod saxelosnoSi aRmoifxvreba. 3. lula gaRunulia _ tyviebi gadaixreba lulis tuCis nawilis gaRunvis mxares; aseTi uwesivrobis dros SaSxana unda Seicvalos. 4. lulis arxi gaxexilia (gansakuTrebiT lulis tuCis nawilSi), naWdevebis velebis kuTxeebi momrgvalebuli da wiboCaTlilia (mocveTilia), fuWvilebi zrdis tyviebis gafantvas; am uwesivrobebis arsebobisas SaSxana unda Seicvalos. 5. kondaxis gadanacvleba, romelic zrdis tyviebis gafantvas, unda aRmofxvras TviT snaiperma, risTvisac is kondaxis samagrebs uWers. 6. optikuri samiznis uwesivrobebi, romlebic iwveven moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis gadaxras da tyviebis gafantvis zrdas: _ gasrolis momentSi samiznis badis da samiznis mqnevarebis gadanacvleba, samiznis SigniT optikis dabinZureba, rac xels uSlis TvalTvals, bzarebi da Camonatexebi linzebze _ aRmoifxvreba saxelosnoSi; _ SaSxanaze samiznis gadanacvlebas aRmofxvris snaiperi momWeri xraxnis regulirebiT, risTvisac man SaSxanas unda moxsnas samizne, Zvria miaWiros saxelurs (SekumSos zambara) da mouWiros an mouSvas momWeri xraxnis maregulirebeli qanCi. optikuri samizne

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optikuri samizne (nax. 2) warmoadgens snaiperis SaSxanis ZiriTad samiznes. misi gadideba 4-jeradia; xedvis are 6 0-s udris. optikuri samizne Sedgeba meqanikuri da optikuri nawilebisagan. samiznis meqanikuri nawili Seicavs korpuss, zeda da gverdiT mqnevarebs, samiznis badis ganaTebis mowyobilobas, gamosawev blendas, rezinis Tvalsafars da xufs. samiznis optikuri nawilis Semadgenelia: obieqtivi, amombrunebeli (amosabrunebeli) sistema, bade, luminescenciuri ekrani da okulari (nax. 3). korpusi gamoiyeneba SaSxanaze samiznis yvela nawilis SesaerTeblad. kronSteins aqvs kiloebi, sabjeni, momWeri xraxni, momWeri xraxnis saxeluri, zambariani Zvria da saregulirebeli qanCi. korpusze damagrebulia maCveneblebi (indeqsebi), romlebic gamoiyeneba samiznis dasayeneblad da gverdiTi Sesworebebis Sesayvanad (gasaTvaliswineblad) da agreTve obieqtivis xufi. zeda mqnevara gamoiyeneba samiznis dasayeneblad, gverdiTi mqnevara ki _ gverdiTi Sesworebebis Sesayvanad. Tavisi mowyobilobiT isini identurebia da aqvT mqnevaras korpusi, zambariani sayeluri, torsis qanCi da maerTebeli (centraluri) xraxni. yovel mqnevaras zevidan sami naxvreti aqvs: Sua _ maerTebeli xraxnisaTvis, ori ganapira _ saCeri xraxnebisaTvis. zambariani sayeluri gamoiyeneba mqnevaras Sesakaveblad dayenebul (miniWebul) mdgomareobaSi. zeda mqnevaras korpuszea samiznis ZiriTadi skala danayofebiT 1-dan 10-mde; skalis cifrebi aRniSnaven srolis manZilebs aseul metrebSi. gverdiTi mqnevaras korpuszea gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala danayofebiT 0-dan 10-mde orive mxares; yoveli danayofis fasi erT meaTaseds Seesabameba (0-01). mqnevarebis korpusebis zeda nawilze datanilia damatebiTi skala, romelsac samiznis Sesamowmeblad iyeneben; skalis danayofis fasi 0-0,5-is tolia. zeda mqnevaras ZiriTadi skalis dayeneba me-3 danayofamde fiqsirdeba erTi danayofis gamotovebiT. me-3 danayofidan me-10 danayofamde am

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mqnevaras dayeneba, agreTve gverdiTi mqnevaras skalis yvela dayeneba fiqsirdeba yoveli naxevardanayofis gamotovebiT (erT danayofs Seesabameba ori wkapuni). zeda da gverdiTi mqnevarebis torsis qanCebze miTiTebulia mqnevarebis an torsis qanCebis trialis mimarTuleba samiznisa da gverdiTi mqnevaris dayenebaSi saWiro Sesworebis Setanis dros (,, , ,, _ zeda mqnevaraze, ,, , ,, _ gverdiT mqnevaraze). es niSnavs, rom mqnevarebisa an torsis qanCebis isris mimarTulebiT trialisas moxvedrebis saSualo wertili gadainacvlebs Sesabamisi mimarTulebiT (zeviT, marjvniv da a.S.). maerTebeli xraxni akavSirebs torsis qanCsa da dgimTamwes da mqnevaras an qanCis trialisas saWiro mimarTulebiT gadaadgilebs dgimTamwes samiznis badesTan erTad. badis ganaTebis mowyobiloba gamoiyeneba RamiT da bindbundSi srolis dros samiznis badis gasanaTeblad. misi Semadgeneli nawilebia: korpusi sakontaqto xraxniT, batareebi, romlebic kvebis wyaroebad gamoiyeneba, sabjeniani da zambariani xufi xraxnTan batareis misabjenad, sadenebi, romlebic tumbleris gamoyenebiT xraxns (batareas) eleqtronaTurebTan aerTeben, agreTve tumbleri eleqtronaTurebis CarTva-gamorTvisaTvis. batareebs korpusSi ise ayeneben, rom centraluri eleqtrodi xraxnTan iyos SeerTebuli, xolo gverdiTi eleqtrodi ki (gverdze gadanacvlebuli) _ korpusTan; amisaTvis gverdiTi eleqtrodis sakontaqto firfita korpusis napirze gadadis, ris Semdegac exureba xufi. +20-ze da ufro dabal temperaturaze samiznis badis gasanaTeblad unda gamoiyenon badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobiloba (nax. 4), romelic Sedgeba korpusisagan, xufisa da ekranirebuli sadenisagan. imisaTvis, rom badis ganaTebis zamTris mowyobiloba moamzadon srolisaTvis, saWiroa mowyobilobis korpusSi batareis Cadeba ise, rogorc zeviT iyo miTiTebuli, Semdeg ki masze xufis Camocma, romelic samiznis korpuss moxsnes, xolo zamTris mowyobilobis xufi unda gaukeTon samizneze arsebuli mowyobilobis korpuss. batareiani zamTris mowyobilobis korpusi

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snaipers gimnasturas an farajis jibiT gadaaqvT. ekranirebuli sadeni SeiZleba gatardes zeda tansacmlis marcxena mklavSi. Tvalsafari (rezinis) gankuTvnilia Tvalebis sworad dasayeneblad da agreTve imisaTvis, rom moxerxebulad daumiznon. garda amisa, is icavs okularis linzebs dazianebisa da gaWuWyianebisagan. gamosawevi blenda gamoiyeneba uamindobaSi obieqtivis dasacavad masze wvimis wveTebis, Tovlis moxvedrisagan, agreTve pirdapiri mzis sxivebisagan, rodesac mzis sapirispirod ( ) isvrian, riTac Tavidan icileben snaiperis ganmniRbav anabzins. rezinis xufi obieqtivis linzebs WuWyisa da dazianebisagan icavs. obieqtivi gamoiyeneba saTvalTvalo obieqtis Semcirebuli da amobrunebuli gamosaxulebis misaRebad. is sami linzisagan Sedgeba, romelTagan ori Sewebebulia. amombrunebeli (amosabrunebeli) sistema gankuTvnilia imisaTvis, rom gamosaxulebas daubrunon normaluri (pirdapiri) mdgomareoba; is Sedgeba oTxi linzisagan, romlebic or-oradaa Sewebebuli. samiznis bade gamoiyeneba damiznebisaTvis; is gakeTebulia minaze, romelic moZrav CarCozea (dgimTamwezea) damagrebuli. samiznis badeze (nax. 5) datanilia: ZiriTadi (zeda) kuTxedi 1000 m-mde srolisas dasamizneblad; gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala; damatebiTi kuTxedebi (vertikalur xazze gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis qveviT) 1100, 1200 da 1300 metrebze srolis dros damiznebisaTvis; manZilsazomi skala (uwyveti horizontaluri da mrude punqtiruli (wyvetili) xazebi). damatebiTi kuTxedebis gamoyenebiT srolis dros damiznebisaTvis zeda mqnevaraze samizne 10-ze unda daayenon. gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala qvevidan (kuTxidan marcxniv da marjvniv) aRniSnulia cifriT 10, rac aT meaTaseds (0-10) Seesabameba. skalis or vertikalur xazs Soris manZili Seesabameba erT meaTaseds (0-01).

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manZilsazomi skala gaangariSebulia 1,7 m-is (adamianis saSualo simaRlis) simaRlis mqone miznisaTvis. miznis simaRlis es mniSvneloba miTiTebulia horizontaluri xazis qveS. zeda wyvetili (puqtiruli) xazis zeviT datanilia danayofebiani skala; manZili danayofebs Soris Seesabameba 100 m-is tol manZils miznamde. skalis cifrebi 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Seesabamebian manZilebs 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 m. okulari gankuTvnilia saTvalTvalo obieqtis dasanaxad gadidebuli da swori gamosaxulebis saxiT. is sami linzisagan Sedgeba, romelTagan ori Sewebebulia. luminescenciuri ekrani gamoiyeneba infrawiTeli Suqis wyaros aRmosaCenad; is warmoadgens Txel firfitas, romelic specialuri qimiuri Sedgenilobisagan aris damzadebuli. is or minas Sorisaa dadebuli. ekrans aqvs Suqfiltriani sarkmeli ekranis dasaten CarCoSi da ekranis gadasarTveli droSa: Suqfiltris mxares (droSis horizontaluri mdgomareoba) _ ekranis Sesamuxtad da Cveulebriv pirobebSi srolisaTvis; obieqtivis mxares (droSis vertikaluri mdgomareoba) _ TvalTvalisa da im miznebSi srolis dros, romlebic Tavs infrawiTeli gamosxivebiT aRmoaCenen (amJRavneben). meqanikuri (Ria) samizne meqanikuri (Ria) samizne gamoiyeneba optikuri samiznis dazianebis (mwyobridan gamosvlis) SemTxvevaSi. is samiznisa da niSnisagan Sedgeba. samizne Sedgeba samiznis xundisagan, brtyeli zambarisagan, samiznis Tamasisa da uRelakisagan. samiznis xunds aqvs: zevidan _ ori seqtori samiznis TamasisaTvis gansazrvruli simaRlis misaniWeblad, yunwebi samiznis Tamasis dasamagreblad da bade brtyeli zambarisaTvis; SigniT _ gamWoli arxi zambariani sabiZgeblisaTvis. brtyeli zambara gamoiyeneba imisaTvis, rom samiznis Tamasa Seakavon miniWebul mdgomareobaSi. samiznis Tamasas aqvs fafari? damiznebisaTvis gankuTvnili ganaWeriT. mas agreTve aqvs amonaWrebi dayenebul mdgomareobaSi uRelakis Sesakaveblad. samiznis Tamasaze

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datamilia 1-dan 12-mde danayofebiani skala da ,, aso. skalis cifrebi aRniSnaven srolis manZilebs aseul metrebSi, -samiznis mudmivi dayenebaa (mdgomareobaa), romelic 4-ze samiznis dayenebas Seesabameba. uRelaki Camocmulia Tamasaze da miniWebul mdgomareobaSi saketeliT aris Sekavebuli. saketelas aqvs kbili, romelic zambaris moqmedebiT samiznis Tamasis amonaWerSi xteba. niSani mcvelSia Caxraxnili. mcvelze da niSnis safuZvelze datanilia kawrulebi, romlebic niSnis mdgomareobas gansazRvraven. binokli binoklis (monokularis) milebi ise unda iyos gaSlili, rom manZili gamomaval gugebs Soris snaiperis Tvalebis gugebs Soris arsebuli manZilis toli iyos. am wesis dacva saWiroa binoklis SuqZalis srulad gamosayeneblad. okularebi unda iyos dayenebuli snaiperis yoveli Tvalis mxedvelobis farTobiTi Zalis Sesabamisad. im pirma, romelic binokls iyenebs, unda icodes sakuTari Tvalebis Tavisebureba da okularebi unda daayenos diopriuli skalis gamoyenebiT. binoklSi yurebisas binoklis okularis niJara unda exebodes warbszeda rkals. am wesis dacva damkvirvebelTa (moTvalTvaleTa) umetesoba aZlevs saSualebas, rom binoklis gamomavali guga Tvalis gugas SeuTavson, rac aucilebelia xedvis aris srulad gamosayeneblad da masSi Tanabari ganaTebis misaRebad. kuTxesazomi badis arseboba iZleva manilis gansazRvris saSualebas. kuTxeebis sruli (mTeli) bade moicavs 1-00-is tol horizontalur monakveTs, xolo vertikalur sibrtyeSi _ monakveTs 0-20 (nax. 6). binokliT muSaobisaTvis adgilmdebareobaze irCeven mkveTrad gasarCev (gamorCeul) sagans, romelic 300 metriT da metiTaa daSorebuli; Semdeg yovel Wogrs ( ) ayeneben Sesabamisi Tvalis mixedviT, risTvisac binokls marcxena xeliT iReben ise, rom TiTebi faravdnen binoklis marcxena Wogris

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obieqtivs, marjvena xeliT ki mdovrad atrialeben marjvena okulars manamde, vidre sagnis gamosaxuleba gamkveTrdeba. amis Semdeg igive xerxiT marcxena Wogrs ayeneben. Semdeg binokls orive xels kideben WogrebSi da bolomde Slian maT, ris Semdeg yuradrebiT akvirdebian (umzeren) SerCeul sagans. amis Semdeg Wogrebs mdovrad uaxloveben erTmaneTs manamde, vidre xedvis are samzeri sagnis mkafio gamosaxulebian erT wred moeCvenebaT. amis Semdeg iweren (afiqsireben) marjvena da marcxena okularebis dayenebas (mdgomareobas), agreTve fiqsirdeba manZili binoklis gamomaval gugebs Soris. amisaTvis unda gamoiyenon binoklis saxsrul RerZze arsebuli skala. morgeba unda Caataron moxerxebul mdgomareobaSi, jdomela an wolela; am dros rogorc binokls, aseve xelebs sayrdeni unda hqondeT. imisaTvis, rom snaiperebs gamoumuSaon binoklis gamoyenebis Cveva, maT unda aswavlon Tvalebis mixedviT binoklis dayeneba; misi kuTxesazomi badis gamoyeneba horizontaluri da vertikaluri kuTxeebis gazomvisas, miznis moZebnisas (dadgenisas), miznis Cvenebisas da manZilebis gazomvisas; maT agreTve unda aswavlon binoklis movla-patronoba. rodesac binoklis gamoyenebas aswavlian, unda Seecadon, rom snaiperma SeuiaraRebuli TvaliT daaTvalieros mTeli adgilmdebareoba da binokli gamoiyenos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac calkeuli sagnebi arasakmarisad mkafiod Cans TvaliT an rodesac raime mizeziT iwveven eWvs. SaSxanis cemis (srolis) Semowmeba da misi gamizvna Ria samizniani SaSxanis sroliis Semowmebis dros saWiroa optikuri samiizniisa da kondaxis ybis moxsna. saSxanis Sesamoowmeblad snaiperi (msroleli) oTxjer calkeuli gasrolebiT isvris; Ria samiznis gamoyenebiT guldagul da erTnaiirad (ertgvarovnad) umiznebs Sesamowmebeli amosamiznis qveda napiris Sua nawils (nax. 7), romelic iWreba me-2 xazze an Sesamowmebel marTkuTxedze.

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srolis damTavrebis Semdeg aTvaliereben amosamizns da natyviarebis ganlagebas, gansazrvraven srolis mijrilobas da moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis mdgomareobas. SaSxanis srolis mijriloba normalurad iTvleba, Tu oTxive natyviari 8 sm-is diametris wreSi moTavsdeba. Tu srolis mijriloba (natyviarebis ganlageba) am moTxovnas ar akmayofilebs, srola meordeba. ganmeorebiTi srolis dros aradamakmayofilebeli Sedegis miRebisas SaSxana Sesaketeblad saxelosnoSi unda gaigzavnos. Tu natyviarebis mijriloba (ganlageba) normaluria, ganisazRvreba moxvedrebis saSualo wertili da misi mdgomareoba sakontrolo wertilis mimarT. oTxi natyviariT moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis gansazrvrisaTvis saWiroa: _ ori uaxloesi natyviaris swori xaziT SeerTeba da maT Soris manZilis Suaze gayofa; _ miRebuli gayofis wertilis mesame natyviarTan SeerTeba da maT Soris manZilis sam tol nawilad gayofa; _ meoTxe natyviarTan im gayofis wertilis SeerTeba, romelic uaxloesia or pirvel natyviarTan da maT Soris manZilis oTx tol nawilad gayofa. pirvel sam natyviarTan uaxloesi gayofis wertili iqneba oTxi natyviaris moxvedrebis saSualo wertili (nax. 8,a). rodesac natyviarebi simetriulad arian ganlagebuli, moxvedrebis saSualo wertili Semdegnairad ganisazRvreba: SeaerTeT natyviarebi wyvilwyvilad, Semdeg SeaerTeT orive swori xazis Sua wertilebi da miRebuli xazi SuaSi gayaviT; gayofis wertili iqneba moxvedrebis saSualo wertili (nax. 8,b). SaSxanis cema (srola) normalurad iTvleba, Tu moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertils daemTxva an misgan nebismier mxares maqsimum 3 sm-iT gadaixara. Tu srolis Semowmebis dros moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilidan nebismier mxares 3 sm-ze metiT gadaixara, maSin amis Sesabamisad unda Seicvalos niSnis mdgomareoba simaRleSi an misi mcvelis mdgomareoba gverdiTi mimarTulebiT.

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Tu moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilze qveviT aRmoCndeba, nisani unda Caixraxnos, Tu zeviT _ amoixraxnos. Tu moxvedrebis saSualo wertili aRmoCndeba sakontrolo wertilis marcxniv, mcveli marcxniv unda gadaiwios, Tu sakontrolo wertilis marjvniv _ mcveli marjvniv gadaiweva. niSnis mcvelis gverdze 1 mm-iT gadanacvlebisas da erTi sruli bruniT niSnis Caxraxnisas (amoxraxnisas) 100 m-ze srolis dros moxvedrebis dros saSualo wertili 16 sm-iT gadainacvlebs. niSnis safuZvelis wina torsze arsebuli danayofebis fasi 0,6 mm-s udris, rac Seesabameba moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis gverdiTi mimarTulebiT 10 sm-iT gadanacvlebas. SaSxanis gamizvnis Semdeg niSnis mcvelis Zveli kawrula iSleba da mis magier keTdeba axali kawrula. niSnis gadanacvlebis siswore ganmeorebiTi sroliT mowmdeba. optikursamizniani SaSxanis srolis (cemiis) Semowmebisas saWiroa: _ SaSxanaze optikuri samiznis da kondaxis ybis damagreba; _ mqnevaras trialiT samiznis dayeneba me-3 danayofze, xolo gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis ,,0-ze dayeneba; _ SaSxanis Camagreba samiznis dazgaSi da ,,3-ze dayenebuli Ria samizniT misi damizneba im damiznebis wertilisaTvis, romelSic gamizvnis dros umiznebdnen, Semdeg marTkuTxedis qveda nawilze TeTri qaRaldis 2 sm-iani siganis zolis miwebeba; _ Caxedva optikur samizneSi da dazusteba (dadgena) saiT aris mimarTuli samiznis badis ZiriTadi (zeda) kuTxedi; Tu is marTkuTxedis qveda napiris Sua nawilSia mimarTuli, maSin optikuri samizne iTvleba Semowmebulad; _ Tu samiznis badis ZiriTadi kuTxedi ar uTavsdeba damiznebis wertils, saWiroa mqnevarebis saCeri (gverdiTi) xraxnebis 1-2 bruniT gaTavisufleba, Semdeg torsis qanCebis trialiT badis ZiriTadi kuTxedis wveris damiznebis wertilan SeTavseba da mqnevarebis saCeri xraxnebis bolomde moWera; _ Semowmeba, xom ar gadainacvla samiznis badis kuTxedma damiznebis wertilis mimarT saCeri xraxnebis moWerisas; Tu is gadanacvlebuli aRmoCnda, samizne zemoT moyvanili TanamimdevrobiT unda Semowmdes (daregulirdes) Tavidan.

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optikuri samiznis Semowmebis Semdeg misi gamoyenebiT unda ganaxorcielon sakontrolo srola igive pirobebSi, rac Ria samizniT srolis (cemis) Semowmebis dros, mxolod sakontrolo wertili unda moiniSnos damiznebis wertilidan 14 sm-is simaRleze. savele pirobebSi optikuri samiznis Semowmeba mizanSewonilia optikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT sakontrolo sroliT. amisaTvis saWiroa 100 m-is manZilze faris (dafis) dayeneba, romelzedac damagrebulia Savi marTkuTxedi, romlis sigane 20 smia, xolo simaRle _ 30 sm (SeiZleba Sesamowmebeli amosamiznis gamoyeneba). Sav marTkuTxedze (Sesamowmebel amosamiznze) unda daakran 3 sm-is radiusis wre, damzadebuli TeTri qaRaldisagan. misi centri unda iyos marTkuTxedis (samosamiznis) qveda napiridan 14 sm-iT zeviT. Semdeg, wolela mdgomareobaSi rbili sabjenis gamoyenebiT 4 jer unda gaisrolon ,,1-ze dayenebuli samizniT. samiznebis wertilad TeTri wris centrs irCeven. an ,,3-ze dayenebuli samizniT esvrian Savi marTkuTxedis (Sesamowmebeli amosamiznis) qveda napirze SerCeuli damiznebis wertiliT. Tu srolis Sedegad moxvedrebis saSualo wertili TeTr wres ar scildeba, maSin optiklursamizniani SaSxanis srola (cema) iTvleba normalurad. Tu moxvedrebis saSualo wertili TeTri wris farglebs scildeba, maSin unda ganisazRvros moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis wris centridan simaRlesa da gverdiTi mimarTulebiT gadaxris sidide. Semdeg 1-2 bruniT unda mouSvan zeda da gverdiTi mqnevarebis saCeri xraxnebi da Seitanon Sesabamisi Sesworebebi torsis qanCebis dayenebaSi (mdgomareobaSi). 100 metrze srolis dros damatebiTi skalis erTi danayofiT torsis qanCis gadanacvleba 5 sm-iT cvlis moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis mdgomareobas. torsis qanCebis dayenebaSi Sesworebebis Setanisas frTxilad bolomde unda mouWiron saCeri xraxnebi da gaimeoron srola. magaliTi. 100 m-ze srolis dros, rodesac samizne ,,3-zea dayenebuli, moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilidan zeviT 6 sm-iT da marcxniv 11 sm-iT gadaixara. imisaTvis, rom moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertils SeuTavson, zeda mqnevaras saCeri xraxnebis moSveba, torsis qanCis trialiT ,, -s mimarTulebiT misi maCveneblis erTi

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danayofiT gadanacvleba mqnevaras korpusis damatebiTi skalis mimarT, saCeri xraxnebis bolomde frTxilad moWera; Semdeg gverdiTi mqnevaris saCeri xraxnebi unda mouSvan, torsis qanCis trialiT ,, -s mimarTulebiT torsis qanCis maCvenebeli ori danayofiT unda gadaanacvlon mqnevaras korpusis damatebiTi skalis mimarT, ris Semdegac frTxilad bolomde mouWiron saCeri xraxnebi. Ramis samizniani snaiperis SaSxanis gamizvna xdeba mas Semdeg, rac mas Ria samizniT gamiznaven. amisaTvis saWiroa: _ snaiperis SaSxanaze Ramis samiznis dayeneba; _ samiznis dazgaSi snaiperis SaSxanis Camagreba; _ samiznis Tamasis me-4 danayofze dayeneba; _ Ramis samizniani SaSxanis damizneba imave amosamiznis damiznebis wertilSi, rac Ria samizniT saSxanis gamizvnisas 100 mis manZilze srolis dros; _ mqnevaris SemotrialebiT Ramis samiznis skalis 4-ze dayeneba; _ darwmuneba, rom samiznis diafragma daxurulia; _ samiznis CarTva, mqnevarisa da diafragmis korpusis triali, badis optimaluri sikaSkaSis da amosamiznis saukeTeso xilvadobis SerCeva; _ badis kuTxedis wveris igive damiznebis wertilTan SeTavsebis Semowmeba, romelTanac Ria samiznis gamoyenebisas aTavsebdnen; _ samiznis dazgidan iaraRis moxsna; _ 4 jer calkeuli gasrolis warmoeba, gulmodgined da erTnairad damiznebis wertilisaTvis damizneba (Ramis samiznis gamoyenebiT); _ srolis mijrilobis da moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis mdgomareobis gansazRvra. srolis mijriloba ganisazRvreba iseve, rogorc Ria samizniT snaiperis SaSxanis gamizvnis dros. Tu srolis mijriloba ar akmayofilebs am moTxovnebs, maSin srola unda gaimeoron. Ramis samiznis gamoyenebiT ganmeorebiT aradamakvayofilebeli srolis Sedegis miRebisas, SaSxana saremonto

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saxelosnoSi unda gaigzavnos tyviebis gafanTvis mizezebis aRmosafxvrelad. Tu iaraRis cemis (srolis) Semowmebisas moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilidan 3 ssm-ze metiT gadaixara, maSin iaraRi Tavidan unda gaimiznos. amisaTvis: _ 1-2 bruniT unda mouSvan saCeri xraxnebi da Semowmebis meqanizmis mqnevara moabrunon isris mixedviT ,, saken; es im SemTxvevaSi keTdeba, Tu moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilze qveviT aRmoCndeba; Tu is sakontrolo wertilze zeviT iqneba, maSin mqnevara ,, -saken unda miabrunon; _ moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis marjvniv an marcxniv gadaxrisas mqnevara (mimmarTveli) unda miabrunon ,, -saken, Tu moxvedrebis saSualo wertili sakontrolo wertilis marcxniv aRmoCndeba; xolo, Tu is sakontrolo wertilis marjvniv iiqneba _ ,, -saken. mqnevaris (mommaTvelis) mobruneba damatebiTi skalis erTi danayofiT 100 m-ze srolis dros Seesabameba moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis 5 sm-ze gadanacvlebas. mqnevaras mobrunebisas yuradreba unda miaqcion, rom samiznisa da gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalebis mdgomareoba (dayeneba) darCes ucvleli (darCes Tavis adgilze). mqnevarebis dayenebebSi Sesworebebis Setanis Semdeg srola meordeba, xolo moxvedrebis saSualo wertili Tu isev 3 sm--ze metiT gadaixreba nebismier mxares, maSin iaraRis gamizvna unda ganagrZon. saboloo Sedegi (natyviarebisa da moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis mdgomareoba sakontrolo wertilis mimarT) samiznis formularSi SeaqvT. snaiperis SaSxana yovelTvis unda iyos gamiznuli da mas Semowmebuli unda hqondes samizneebi. gaumiznavi da Seumowmebeli samizneebiT SaSxanis srola ara mxolod srolis dabal Sedegebs iZleva, aramed snaipers rwmenas snaipers ukargavs sakuTari iaraRis simZlavreSi. snaiperis SaSxanis srolis Sedegebi agreTve damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad ostaturad icis snaiperma srolisaTvis momzadebis xerxebi.

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srolis xerxebis Seswavla-damuSaveba srolisaTvis momzadeba srolisaTvis momzadeba ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dakaveba da SaSxanis datena. garda amisa, srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dakavebisas snaiperi optikur samiznes xsnis SaliTas da debs optikuri samiznisa da savazne kolofebisaTvis gankuTvnil CanTaSi. is agreTve xsnis obieqtivs, rezinis xufs da acmevs mas batareisaTvis gankuTvnil korpuss; uamindobaSi da maSin, rodesac mzis sxivebi winidan ecemian, win gamowevs blendas. brZolaSi snaiperi sxvadasxva mdgomareobidan isvris. misi mdgomareoba damokidebulia adgilmdebareobaze da sxvadasxva adgilobrivi sagnebis gamoyenebaze imisaTvis, rom daimalos (moefaros), SeiniRmos da moxerxebulad awarmoos srola. Tu TavdacviTi brZolis dros snaipers eqneba sakuTari poziciis mowyobis saSualeba, SeteviT brZolaSi mas es saSualeba xSirad SeiZleba ar hqondes. am SemTxvevaSi man, ZiriTadad, unda gamoiyenos sxvadasxva adgilobrivi sagnebi, tranSeebi, Wurvebisagan gaCenili Zabrebi da sxva. am dros pirobebi srolisaTvis iqneba sxvadasxva. xSirad es pirobebi mouxerxebeli iqneba srolis dros mdgradi mdgomareobis dasakaveblad. yvela SemTxvevaSi snaiperi unda Seecados, rom Seiqmnas pirobebi zusti srolisaTvis. snaiperis SaSxanis gamoyenebisas (srolis dros) swor momzadebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. momzadebis mizania zusti gasrolis (srolis) uzrunvelyofa, amas ki sxva pirobebTan erTad iaraRis myari (mdgradi) mdgomareobiT aRweven. amasTan snaiperma ar unda gamoamJRavnos Tavi (ar unda ganniRbos Tavi) srolisaTvis momzadebisas. iaraRis mdgradobis (myarad dayenebis) uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac snaiperi warmoadgens ,,cocxal lafets, anu xelebis, fexebisa da korpusis gamoyenebiT snaiperis SaSxanisaTvis saimedo sayrdens hqmnis. unda iyos napovni bunebrivi, Tavisufali, zedmetad kunTebis daZabvis gareSe

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am ,,lafetis mdgomareoba, vinaidan mxolod am pirobis Sesrulebisas snaiperi SeZlebs sakmaod xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi dauRlelad dakavebuli mdgomareobis SenarCunebas srolis Sedegebis gauaresebis gareSe. mdgomareobis mdgradobis Semowmeba snaipers TviTon SeuZlia; mas amisaTvis agreTve amxanagis daxmarebis gamoyenebac SeuZlia. mdgradobis Semowmebis xerxebia: 1. nebismieri mdgomareobidan momzadebis Semdeg ramdenime wuTiT unda daxuWos Tvalebi. Semdeg unda gaaxilos isini da, Tu SaSxana mizanze mimarTuli aRmoCndeba, momzadeba (mdgomareoba) sworia, xolo, Tu iaraRi gverdze gadaxrili iqneba, saWiroa mdgoamreobis (momzadebis) Secvla mTeli korpusis gadanacvlebiT, magram ara xelebis mdgomareobis SecvliT. 2. Semmowmebeli dgeba snaiperis ukan, umzers (uyurebs) lulis bolos da miwaze SerCeul axlomdebare romelime uZrav wertils. rxevis (ryevis) ararseboba an Zalzed umniSvnelo rxeva swori mdgomareobis (momzadebis) maCvenebelia. lulis gadanaWeris mkveTri pulsireba metyvelebs imaze, rom snaipers SaSxana daZabuli kunTebiT (kunTebi daZabuli aqvs) uWiravs (nax. 9). snaiperis SaSxanas isvrian wolela, Coqela, jdomela da dgomela mdgomareobidan. snaiperi srolisaTvis komandiT an damoukideblad emzadeba. wolela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dasakaveblad (misaRebad) saWiroa marjvena xelis Rvedze odnav zeviT gadanacvleba, mxridan saSxanis moxsna, marcxena xelSi lulis zesadebebiT daWera. Semdeg lulis tuCis nawiliT win mimarTuli SaSxanis lulis zesadebebiT marjvena xelSi daWera. amasTan erTad marjvena fexiT erTi sruli nabijis win da odnav marjvniv gadadgma. win daxra, marcxena muxlze CaCoqva da Tavis win marcxena xelis miwaze dadgma ise, rom TiTebi marjvniv iyos Setrialebuli; Semdeg Tanmimdevrulad marcxena fexis TeZoze da marcxena xelis winamxarze dayrdnoba, marcxena gverdze dawola da swrafad mucelze gadabruneba, fexebis odnav ganze gaweva fexis cxvirebiT gareT; lulis zesadebebiT SaSxanis dadeba marcxena xelis gulze.

21

marcxena xeliT SaSxana uWiravT lulis zesadebebiT (nax. 10,a) an savazne kolofiT (nax. 10,b), xolo marjvena xeliT _ kondaxis saxeluriT. sabjenis (miwis burcobi, brustveri, mori da sxva) gamoyenebiT srolisaTvis SaSxana lulis zesadebebiT sabjenze dayrdnobili marcxena xelis gulze unda daidon (xeli idealuri sabjenia SaSxanisaTvis, romelic uzrunvelyofs srolis stabilur mijrilobas). marjvena xeli ki SaSxanis kondaxs unda mokidon (nax. 11,g). SesaZlebelia lulis zesadebebiT sabjenze SaSxanis dadeba da savazne kolofiT (nax. 11,b) an kondaxis qveda nawiliT (nax. 11,g) misi daWera marcxena xelSi. xisti sabjenis dasarbileblad iyeneben kords, dakecil labada-karavs, Sinels (farajs) da sxva. Coqela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dasakaveblad SaSxana marjvena xeliT unda aiRon lulis zesadebebiT win mimarTuli lulis tuCis nawiliT. amasTan erTad marjvena fexi ukan unda gadaidgas, marjvena muxlze daeSvan da fexis quslze dajdnen; marcxena fexis wvivi am dros vertikalur mdgomareobaSi unda darCes, xolo TeZoebma unda Seadginon TiTqmis swori kuTxe. Semdeg SaSxana marcxena xelSi unda gadaitanon (lulis zesadebebiT) da miznisaken mimarTon (nax. 12). jdomela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dasakaveblad marjvena xeli mokideT SaSxanis lulis zesadebebs ise, rom lulis tuCis nawilis win iyos mimarTuli. amasTan erTad daeyrdeniT marcxena xels, dajeqiT miwaze miznis mimarTulebis mimarT, naxevrad Sebrunebuli, mWidrod miabjineT quslebi miwas (nax. 13) SeiZleba fexebis gadajvaredineba da moRunva ise, rom fexis terfi meore fexis TeZosa da wvivs Soris iyos gatarebuli (nax. 14). Semdeg marcxena xeli marcxena TeZoze unda daidoT, rogorc ufro moxerxebuli iqneba, da am xeliT daiWiroT SaSxana lulis zesadebebiT. dgomela srolisaTvis mdgomareobis dasakaveblad miznis mimarTulebis mimarT marjvniv naxevari bruniT SemobrundiT, ar miadgan marcxena fexi, romelic marcxniv, daaxloebiT mxrebis siganeze unda gadadgaT ise, rogorc ufro moxerxebuli iqneba TqvenTvis (msrolelisaTvis). am dros tanis simZime orive fexze Tanabrad unda ganawildes. erTdroulad xeli odnav (cotaoden) zeviT

22

unda gadaanacvloT Rvedze, CamoiRoT SaSxana mxridan, marcxena xeli lulis zesadebebs qvevidan mokidoT, da lulis tuCis nawilis energiulad win wawioT SaSxana miznisaken (miznis mxares) (nax. 15). meti mdgradobisaTvis SeiZleba SaSxanis Rvedis gamoyeneba ise, rogorc nax. 16-zea naCvenebi. safars amofarebuli srolis xerxebi xes, Senobis kuTxes da sxva safars amofarebuli mdgomareobidan srolisaTvis saWiroa Sesabamisi mdgomareobis dakaveba, safarze miyrdnoba ise, rom is niRbavdes da ifaravdes snaipers mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisagan da xels uwyobdes misi mdgomareobis (momzadebis) mdgradobas. SaSxana iseve unda eWiroT, rogorc safaris gareSe srolis dros (nax. 17). arc SaSxana da arc xelis mtevani, romliTac SaSxana uWiravT, safars ar unda exebodnen, raTa Tavidan aicilon tyviebis gverdze gadaxra. sangridan an tranSeidan srolisaTviis saWiroa sangris kedelze korpusis mibjena, orive xelis idayvis miwaze dayrdnoba, xolo kondaxis ki mWidrod mxarze miWera. srola SesaZlebelia rogorc sabjenis gamoyenebiT, agreTve mis gareSe, mxolod xelebiT (nax. 18). srolis xerxebi gadaadgilebis dros svlis dros snaiperis SaSxanas isvrian xanmokle SeCerebebis dros momarjvebuli SaSxaniT. xanmokle SeCerebis dros SaSxanis momarjvebiT srolisaTvis saWiroa gaCereba da im momentSi, rodesac marcxena fexs miwaze daadgamT, mxarze kondaxis mibjena (SaSxanis momarjveba); marjvena fexis miudgmelad unda daumiznon SaSxana mizans, 1-2 jer gaisrolon, dauSvan SaSxana da ganagrZon gadaadgileba (svla). iaraRi svlis SeuCerebliv unda gadaiteno. javSantransportioridan isvrian adgilidan an javSantransportioris xanmokle gaCerebiT; am dros srolisaTvis

23

iyeneben nebismier moxerxebul mdgomareobas, romelic uzrunvelyofs SaSxanis mdgradobas da mezobelTa usafrTxoebas. xelebis, winamxris, gverdebis da fexebis sayrdenad unda iyos gamoyenebuli dasajdomebis sazurgeebi, dgarebi da javSantransportioris SigniT arsebuli sxva nawilebi. bortis zeviT srolis dros lulis zesadebs qveS unda daudon SaSxanis Rvedi an raime rbili sagani, marcxena xeli Cakidon (mokidon) borts da daiWiron SaSxana. TxilamurebiT gadaadgilebis dros SaSxanas isvrian adgilidan wolela, Coqela da dgomela mdgomareobaSi. wolela srolisaTvis (nax. 19) SaSxana marjvena xelSi, xolo joxebi ki marcxena xelSi unda daiWiroT; marjvena fexiT win da marjvniv farTo nabiji gadadgiT, amasTan erTad tani marcxena muxlisken daxareT da SaSxana Tqvengan marjvniv dadeT (Tu Tovli Zalian Rrma da fxvieria), maSin SaSxana kondaxiT CaarWeT TovlSi); SeaerTeT joxebi, risTvisac erTi joxis nolo meore joxis rgolSi gaatareT, daiwyeT isini win da daweqiT ise, rom idayvebi ebjinebodes dawyobil joxebs; aiReT SaSxana da daikaveT iseTive mdgoamreoba, rogoric uTxilamurod wolela srolis dros. Coqela srolisaTvis (nax. 20) joxebi marcxena mxares unda daayenoT, marjvena Txilamuris cxviri marjvniv SeabrunoT ise, rom datvirTvis moedani marcxena Txilamuris ukana boloze iyos. Semdeg marjvena muxliT marjvena Txilamurze daeSviT da daikaveT iseTive mdgomareoba, rogorc uTxilamurod Coqela srolis dros. dgomela srolis dros joxebi unda daayenoT marcxniv, marjvena Txilamuri cxviriT marjvniv SeabrunoT da daikavoT iseTi mdgomareoba, rogoric uTxilamurod dgomela srolis dros. mdgradobis mizniT sabjenis saxiT SeiZleba joxebis gamoyeneba. amisaTvis joxebi Tqvens win unda daayenoT da maT maryuJebs daeyrdnoT marcxena xelis mtevniT. sahaero miznebSi srolis xerxebi snaiperis SaSxani sahaero miznebSi srola SesaZlebelia wolela, Coqela am dgomela mdgomareobaSi (nax. 22,a,b,g).

24

adgilobriv sagnebs amofarebuli srolisaTvis SeZlebisdagvarad safari sabjenad unda gamoiyenoT. sangridan (tranSeidan) sahaero miznebSi srola unda awarmooT marcxena xelis winamxrisa da savazne kolofis mibjeniT sangris wina cerobze (nax. 23,a) an zurgis mibjeniT sangris ukana kedelze, xolo marcxena fexis _ sangris wina cerobze (nax. 23,b). gasrolis warmoeba gasrolis warmoebisas saWiroa: samiznis dayeneba, gverdiTi Sesworebebis Seyvana, mxarze mibjena, damizneba da Caxmaxis dasxleta. samiznis dayeneba da gverdiTi Sesworebebis Seyvana samiznis dasayeneblad da optikur samizneSi gverdiTi Sesworebebis Sesayvanad Tqvensken ufro axlos unda miitanoT SaSxana, raTa ukeT dainaxoT mqnevarebis skalebis danayofebi; daatrialoT zeda mqnevara da maCveneblis gaswvriv daayenoT samiznis saWiro danayofi; gverdiTi mqnevaris trialiT maCveneblis gaswriv daayenoT gverdiTi Sesworebebis skalis saWiro danayofi. gverdiTi Sesworebebis Seyvanisas unda gamoiyenoT: moxvedrebis saSualo wertilis marjvniv gadasaadgileblad _ Savcifrebiani skala, marcxniv mis gadasaadgileblad _ wiTelcifrebiani skala. Ria samiznis dayenebisas, miiaxloeT SaSxana, cera da saCvenebeli TiTebiT SekumSeT uRelakis saketela da samiznis Tamasaze win gadaaadgileT, is, vidre uRelakis wina waxnagi samiznis Tamasis saWiro danayofs SeuTavsdeba. mxarze mideba mxarze mideba aris damiznebis dros SaSxanis kondaxis mxarze mibjenis xerxi da am dros snaiperis Tavisa da xelebis Sesabamisi mdgomareoba. mxarze midebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs srolis sizustisaTvis. rogorc cnobilia, gasrolis dros iaraRs

25

ukucema aqvs, romelic gavlena aqvs gasrolis dros iaraRis mdgomareobaze, maSasadame uaryofiTad moqmedebs srolis sizusteze. gasrolis dros SaSxana ukan moZraobs da snaipers mxarSi urtyams (ubiZgebs). Tavis mxriv mxari am biZgs ewinaaRmdegeba. amgvarad, warmoiqmneba ori Zala, romlebic sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebebiT moqmedeben. imis gamo, rom SaSxanis kondaxs naRuni aqvs, es ori Zala erT horizontalur sibrtyeSi ar moqmedeben. isini cdiloben SaSxanis amobrunebas luliT zeviT. SaSxanis gadaxra miT ufro meti iqneba, rac ufro meti iqneba wyvilZalis mxari (nax. 24). maSasadame, qveda kuTxiT mxarSi kondaxis mibjeniT Cven gveqneba wyvilZalis ufro didi (meti) mxari, vidre kondaxis zeda kuTxiT mibjenis dros da ufro meti iqneba SaSxanis lulis gadaxra. aqedan gamomdinareobs wesi, romelic snaiperma yovelTvis unda daicvas: erTnairi gamofrenis kuTxeebis misaRebad da srolis mijrilobis SesanarCuneblad SaSxanis kondaxi mxars erTnairad unda miabjinon (misi mdgomareoba Seucvleli unda iyos) (nax. 25,a). Tu es wesi ar aris daculi (erTnairad ar miadeben SaSxanas mxarze), es iwvevs simaRleSi tyviebis gafantvas (gadaxras). Tu kondaxs qveda (maxvili) kuTxiT miabjenen mxars (nax. 25,b) tyviebi zeviT wavlen, xolo Tu kondaxs zeda (blagvi) kuTxiT miabjenen mxars (nax. 25,g), tyviebi qveviT daeSvebian (qveviT wavlen). simaRleSi tyviebis gafantva xdeba maSinac, rodesac snaiperi SaSxanas sabjenze debs lulis zesadebebis sxvadasxva adgiliT an cvlis marcxena xelis mtevnis mdgomareobas, romliTac SaSxana uWiravs. tyviebis gafantvis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa, rom SaSxanis kondaxi mxars miabjinon sakisuris Sua nawiliT; lulis zesadebebi yovelTvis erTi da imave adgiliT unda iyos marcxena xelis gulze. marjvena xelis TiTebiT Tavisuflad, dauZabavad eWiroT kondaxis saxeluri, saCvenebeli TiTi sasxlet kauWSi unda iyos Cadebuli ise, rom is gare mxariT kauWs edebodes. Tvalyuri unda adevnoT imas, rom SaSxanas TiTebi Zlier ar mouWiroT, rasac, Cveulebriv, damwyebi msrolelebi ugulebelyofen. rac ufro Zlier uWeren SaSxanas TiTebs, miT ufro metad kankalebs is xelSi, rac

26

mniSvnelovnad amcirebs srolis mijrilobas. rogorc momzadebisas, aseve mxarze midebisas, ZiriTadia, rom snaipers ar hqondes araviTari daZabuloba (snaiperi aranairad ar iyo daZabuli). damizneba kargi mxedveloba warmoadgens aucilebel pirobas swori damiznebisaTvis da zusti srolisaTvis. imisaTvis, rom SaSxana mizans daumiznoT, mas iseTi mdgomareoba unda mianiWoT, rom TvaliT erT xazze dainaxoT samiznis ganaWeris Suaguli (samiznis Tamasis fafaris doneze), niSnis wveri da damiznebis wertili. es aris damiznebis arsi (amaSi gamoixateba damizneba) (nax. 26). erTi SexedviT es martivi amocanaa, magram misi Sesruleba arc ise advilia. damwyebi msroleli xSirad ar iTvaliswinebs Tavisi mxedvelobis SezRudul SesaZleblobebs da uxeS Secdomebs uSvebs damiznebis dros. mas unda erTnairi sikaSkaSiT dainaxos samiznis ganaWeri, niSani da mizani. vinaidan misi amocanaa miznis dazianeba, is masze amaxvilebs Tavis yuradRebas, xedavs mas naTlad da mkafiod da TavisaTvis SeumCnevlad arasworad ayenebs niSans, ris Sedegadac gardauvalia acdena. pirveli ZiriTadi wesi: Ria samiznis gamoyenebiT damiznebisas saWiroa dauZabavad marcxena Tvalis daxuWva, xolo marjvena TvaliT mkafiod da naTlad samiznis ganaWerisa da niSnis danaxva. am dros yuradReba ar unda miaqcioT imas, rom mizani cotaoden bundovnad moCans. maSasadame, mTavaria _ ganaWeri da niSani, xolo damiznebis wertili _ meorexarisxovania. niSani unda iyos swori, e.i. samiznis ganaWeris SuaSi da mis napirebTan erT doneze imyofebodes. Tu niSani iqneba msxvili (didi), e.i. samiznis ganaWerze zeviT, maSin tyviebi zeviT wavlen, Tu niSani mcirea, e.i. samiznis ganaWerze qveviTaa, maSin tyviebi qveviT wava (gadaixreba) (nax. 27). samiznis ganaWerSi niSnis srulad umniSvnelo gadaxrebi iwveven damiznebis wertilidan tyviebis mniSvnelovan gadaxrebs. amitom, Tu saWiroa Sesworebis Setana, es unda gakeTdes samiznis Sesabamisi dayenebiT an damiznebis wertilis gataniT. Tu tyviebi

27

marjvniv ecema, saWiroa imdeniTve marcxniv damizneba, magram niSnis sworad SenarCuneba. amgvarad meore wesi: arasodes ar SeiZleba niSniT ,,TamaSi; swori niSani _ es damiznebis ucilobeli kanonia. optikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT snaiperis SaSxanis srolis dros es sirTuleebi ar arsebobs. optikuri samizniT SaSxanis mizanSi damiznebisas damizneba gamoixateba imaSi, rom samiznis markis wveri damiznebis wertils unda daumiznon. amasTan erTad optikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT srolis dros ramdenadme rTuldeba mxarze mideba, vinaidan snaiperis Tvali optikuri samiznis mimarT zustad gansazRvrul mdgomareobaSi unda iyos. damiznebisas unda daicvan Semdegi wesebi. Tvalis SeTavseba samiznis gamomaval gugasTan. snaiperis SaSxanis optikuri samiznis gamomavali guga okularidan 68 sm-iT aris daSorebuli. am manZilis gansazRvrisaTvis araviTari milimetriani saxazavi ar aris saWiro. Tu Tvali gamomaval gugaze ufro axlos an ufro Sors iqneba, maSin okularSi msroleli dainaxavs rgolisebr Crdils. samiznesTan Tavis miaxloebiT an daSorebiT unda ipovon iseTi mdgomareoba, rodesac es rgolisebri Crdili gaqreba. samiznis mTavar optikur RerZze Tvalis gaCereba. Tu Tvali am RerZidan zeviT, qveviT an gverdze iqneba gadanacvlebuli, maSin xedvis areSi gaCndeba naxevarmTvaris saxis Crdili. es Crdili okularis im mxares iqneba, saiTac Tvali optikuri RerZidan gadaixara. aseTi Crdilis arsebobisas tyviebi gadaixreba Crdilis sawinaaRmdego mxares. magaliTad, Tu Crdili marjvniv gaCnda, tyviebi zeviT gadaixreba da sxva (nax. 28). maSasadame, imisaTvis, rom snaiperis SaSxana sworad daumiznon mizans, saWiroa samiznis markis wveris damiznebis wertilSi damizneba da amasTan Tvalyuris devneba, rom samiznis xedvis are iyos absoluturad (srulad) sufTa, yovelgvari Crdilis gareSe. okularis mimarT Tvalis swori dayenebis Cveva gamomuSavdeba droTa ganmavlobaSi. sistematuri varjiSiT mxarze midebisa da damiznebaSi gamomuSavdeba saWiro Cveva (unari) da SesaZlebeli xdeba swrafi da zusti damizneba. da bolos, kidev erTi

28

wesi, romelic unda daicvan rogorc Ria, aseve optikuri samiznis gamoyenebiT damiznebis dros. is gamoixateba imaSi, rom dauSvebelia SaSxanis . gulisxmobs SaSxanis iseT mdgomareobas, rodesac Ria samiznis fafari da optikuri samiznis gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala arahorizontalurad arian ganlagebulni. marjvniv SaSxanis -s dros tyviebi marjvniv da qveviT gadaixrebian, Tanac es gadaxra miT ufro metia, rac ufro metia -s manZilis da kuTxe. Cveulebriv damwyeb msrolelebs -s kuTxe 5-100-s ar aRemateba, magram, aseT SedarebiT mcire kuTxeebzedac tyviebis gadaxra sakmaod mniSvnelovani gamodis, rac Cans cxrilidan (cxrili 1). cxrili 1 tyviebis gadaxra 50-iT SaSxanis -s drossrolis manZili, m horizontaluri gadaxra, sm vertikaluri gadaxra, sm

skanirebiT

100-iani -s kuTxis dros gadaxra orjer metia. magram, rogorc cxrilidan Cans, is 5 0-iani kuTxis drosac sakmaod didia da did manZilebze mkveTrad amcirebs srolis sizustes. damiznebisas mudmivad Tvalyuri unda adevnon imas, rom optikuri samiznis gverdiTi Sesworebebis skala zustad horizontalur mdgomareobaSi iyos. damiznebisaTvis unda gamoiyenon erTi Tvali, meore ki unda daxuWon. droTa ganmavlobaSi mcire specialuri varjiSis Semdeg SeiZleba Ria TvalebiT srola. es garkveul upiratesobas iZleva: Tvalebi ar iRleba, TvalTvali umjobesdeba. magram, am SemTxvevaSic mxolod cali TvaliT unda daumiznoT, meore TvaliT ki miznas unda uyuron. damizneba dakavSirebulia ara mxolod mxedvelobasTan. arsebiTad es aris moZraobaTa mTeli kompleqsi, romelTagan yoveli maTgani sakuTar rols TamaSobs. magram kargi mxedveloba mainc warmatebis safuZvelia. zusti damiznebis saidumlo imaSia, rom29

Tvalebi ar daRalon, mxedvelobis simaxvile ar gaiuareson. amitom Tvalebi droulad unda daasvenoT, risTvisac periodulad Sors muq simwvanes da sxva msgavss unda uyuroT. Caxmaxis dasxleta Caxmaxis dasasxletad saWiroa sunTqvis Sekvra, sasxlet kauWze mdovrad dawolis gagrZeleba manamde, vidre Caxmaxi snaiperisaTvis SeumCnevlad daisxleteba, anu sanam gasrola moxdeba. Tu sunTqvas ar Sekraven, SaSxana SesunTqvaamosunTqvis taqtSi imoZravebs (nax. 29). Tu damiznebis dros badis kuTxedi (swori niSani) mniSvnelovnad gadaixreba damiznebis wertilidan an xedvis areSi mTvarisebri Crdili gaCndeba, saWiroa sasxlet kauWze dawolis gagrZeleba manamde, vidre gasrola moxdeba. Caxmaxis dasxletisas yuradReba ar unda miaqcion damiznebis wertilTan badis kuTxedis mcire (msubuq) ryevas (rxevas). survili daaWiron sasxlet kauWs im momentSi, rodesac badis kuTxedi (swori niSani) yvelaze ukeTaa SeTavsebuli damiznebis wertilTan, Cveulebriv, iwvevs sasxlet kauWze gamokvras da arazust gasrolas. Tu snaiperi sasxlet kauWze daWerisas igrZnobs, rom aRar SeuZlia sunTqvis Sekvra, man sasxlet kauWze dawolis Seucvlelad unda ganaxlos sunTqva, Semdeg, amosunTqvisas Tavidan Sekras sunTqva, daazustos damizneba da ganagrZos sasxlet kauWze dawola. sacecxle poziciis SerCeva da misi mowyoba sabrZolo viTarebaSi (saomar pirobebSi) adgils srolisaTvis snaiperi ikavebs da awyobs meTauris komandiT an damoukideblad. snaiperis SaSxanis srolisaTvis unda SeirCes iseTi adgili, romelic uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso xedvisa da cecxldaSenis ares (seqtors), mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisa da cecxlisagan snaiperis dacvas; uzrunvelyofs srolis xerxebis moxerxebul Sesrulebas da pirvelive gasroliT mowinaaRmdegis dazianebis SesaZleblobas.

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Setevis dros snaiperis sacecxle poziciis SerCeva mowinaaRmeegesTan uSualo Sexebis (Sexvedris) mdgomareobidan Setevaze gadasvlis dros snaiperi iyenebs Tavis winaswar momzadebul da mowyobil poziciebs oceulis sayrden punqtsa an neitralur zolSi, saidanac is mowinaaRmdegis wina xazs zveravs, gamoavlens mis sacecxle saSualebebs da ieriSis sacecxle momzadebis periodSi (rodesac sakuTari artileria cecxls mowinaaRmdegis wina xazidan siRrmeSi gadaitans) anadgurebs moTvalTvaleebs, morigi sacecxle saSualebebis gaTvlebs da sxva miznebs. nebismier SetevaSi (rogorc mowinaaRmdegesTan uSualo Sexebis mdgomareobidan, aseve SeuCerebliv Setevaze gadasvlis dros) snaiperis moqmedebaTa Tavisebureba is aris, rom moqmedebisas is xSirad icvlis sacecxle pozicias. ieriSze gadasvlisTanave snaiperi movalea qvedanayofis sabrZolo wyobaSi gadaadgilebisa an adre dakavebul sacecxle poziciaze darCenis dros dauyovnebliv daazianos mowinaaRmdegis gamoCenili sacecxle saSualebebi. snaiperi erTi safaridan meoresaken naxtomebiT gadaadgildeba. vidre is miatovebs sacecxle pozicias, man Tavis win axali pozicia unda SearCios da gansazRvros yvelaze xelsayreli moxerxebuli da faruli gzebi iq gadasasvlelad. sacecxle poziciis swor SerCevas Zalzed didi mniSvneloba aqvs: Setevis dros snaipers ara aqvs dro mis mosawyobad, maSasadame saWiroa adgilmdebareobis pirobebis da arsebuli safarebis (Zabrebis, sangrebis, tranSeebis, Senobebis nanmgrevebis, sxvadasxva adgilobrivi sagnebis) moxerxebuli gamoyeneba; snaipers unda SeeZlos brZolis velis rac SeiZleba Rrmad daTvaliereba (danaxva). man gabedulad unda gamoiyenos is adgilebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen karg xedvis ares: simaRleebi, xeebi, mowinaaRmsdegis dazianebuli teqnika, koSkebi, samrekloebi da sxva. amave dros ar SeiZleba adgilis dakaveba simaRleTa Ria Txemebze an adgilobrivi sagnebis zedapirze, raTa mowinaaRmdegem ar SegamCnioT cis fonze; naTel an kargad ganaTebul adgilmdebareobis ubnebze adgili unda daikavoT CrdilSi an adgilmdebareobis iseT fonze, romelic snaiperis tansacmlis fers

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Seesabameba. snaiperma (snaiperi) ostaturad unda gamoiyenos (moergos) adgilmdebareoba (adgilmdebareobas) da mkacrad daicvas SeniRbvis wesebi. yovelTvis unda SeecadoT, rom axlos iyos safari, romelic saTadarigo sacecxle poziciad SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli. axali sacecxle pozicia farulad unda daikavoT. snaiperTa wyvilis SemadgenlobaSi moqmedebisas ufrosi TanaSemwesTan (mewyvilesTan) erTad gulmoodginad Seiswavlis adgilmdebareobas Tavisi qvedanayofis momavali moqmedebebis mimarTulebiT, irCevs da awyobs sacecxle pozicias (uSualo Sexebidan Setevis dros) an iyenebs adgilobriv sagnebs an adgilmdebareobis nakecebs (svlis SeuCerebliv Setevis dros) srolisaTvis, TvalTvalisa da mowinaaRmdegis cecxlisagan dasafaravad (dasacavad). garda amisa, wyvilSi ufrosma unda moniSnos Semdgomi sacecxle poziciebis adgilebi, maTTan misvlis marSrutebi, safaridan safaramde gadaadgilebis xerxebi da wesi. brZolis velis mudmivi da uwyveti TvalTvalisaTvis agreTve mowinaaRmdegeze cecxliT mudmivi zemoqmedebis mizniT snaiperebi wyvilSi erTii safaridan meore safarisaken rigrigobiT gadaadgildebian. Setevis mimdinareobis dros, rodesac wylismieri dabrkolebis gadalaxva uwevT, snaiperi sacecxle pozicias SemtevTa mxares mimarTuli mdinaris klaknilTan irCevs, saidanac SeiZleba mowinaaRmdegis im obieqtebisaTvis flangebidan cecxklis daSena, romlebic yvelaze metad uSlian xels forsirebas (nax. 30). dasaxlebul punqtSi brZolis dros mizanSewonili ar aris, rom snaiperma daikavos sacecxle pozicia uSualod sakuTari qvedanayofis sabrZolo wyobaSi, vinaidan mowinaaRmdegesTan mcire manZilze daSorebiT yofna arTulebs snaiperis SeniRbvas da, rac mTavaria, ar aZlevs mas saSualebas, rom mowinaaRmdegis Tavdacvis siRrmeSi uTvalTvalos brZolis vels. Tu viTareba iZleva saSualebas, snaiperma pozicia unda SearCios maRal SenobebSi, romlebic qvedanayofis mier Setevis ganxorcielebis mimarTulebiT an sakuTari qvedanayofis flangebze mdebareoben. Senobidan cecxlis warmoebisas ar SeiZleba fanjarasTan an kedelSi arsebul xvrelTan axlos misvla. cecxli oTaxis siRrmidan unda

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awarmoon. es iZleva imis saSualebas, rom gasrolis ali ver (ar) dainaxos mowinaaRmdegem, am dros agreTve xdeba gasrolis xmis nawilobrivi STanTqma. quCebSi brZolis dros snaipers SeuZlia sacecxle pozicia SearCios dazianebul sabrZolo teqnikaSi, agurebis da rkinebis grovaSi, naxevarsardafebSi milebs ukan da saxuravebze, Robeebs ukan da sxva. rogorc omis gamocdilebam gviCvena, gansakuTrebiT didi efeqti aqvs snaiperis moqmedebebs rTulad gasavlel (Znelmisadgom) adgilmdebareobaze (tyian da Waobian, mTian), sadac sabrZolo moqmedebebs, Cveulebriv, gzis gaswvriv da misawvdomi (misadgomi) mimarTulebebiT awarmoeben. vinaidan erTiani fronti am dros ar arsebobs, advilia mowinaaRmdegis zurgSi qvedanayofebisa da calkeuli jguufebis SeRweva (SeJonva). qvedanayofebisa da jgufebis, agreTve sahaero desantis SemadgenlobaSi moqmed snaioperebs, romlebic Znelmisadgom adgilebSi (kldeTa mwvervalebze, karnizebze, uReltexilebze, serpantinebze da sxva msgavs adgilebSi) ikaveben sacecxle pozicias, SeuZliaT (SeswevT unari) didi ziani miayenon mowinaaRmdeges da saimedod gadauketon (mouWran) gzebi misi jarebis momaragebasa da ukan daxevas. TavdacvaSi snaiperis sacecxle poziciis SerCeva TavdacviT brZolaSi poziciis SerCeva mniSvnelovanwilad damokidebulia Tavdacvaze gadasvlis pirobebze: mowinaaRmdegesTan uSualo Sexebis ararsebobisas an masTan Sexebis pirobebSi. orive SemTxvevaSi poziciebi snaiperisaTvis SeiZleba SeirCes (dainiSnos) wina xazze oceuliis sayrden punqtebSi, poziciebze neitralur zolSi. snaiperTa sacecxle poziciebis SerCevamowyobisaTvis xelsayreli pirobebi iqmneba mowinaaRmdegesTan uSualo Sexebis ararsebobisas, vinaidan arsebobs SesaZlebloba ufro guldasmiT iyos Seswavlili adgilmdebareoba, yvelaze moxerxebuli win wawevis gzebi, gaSlis zRudeebi da mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebis mimarTulebebi; sainJinro TvalsazrisiT ara mxolod

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snaiperTa sacecxle poziciebis, aramed maTze faruli misvlis gzebis da manevris SesaZlo gzebis mowyobac. TavdacvaSi snaiperebi awyoben ZiriTad, saTadarigo da cru sacecxle poziciebs, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki _ mowinave snaiperTa poziciebsac. ZiriTad poziciebs snaiperebi iyeneben rogorc ZiriTad adgils, saidanac isini atareben brZolas an ,,nadirobas neitralur zolSi. saTadarigo sacecxle snaiperebi ikaveben im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac SeuZlebelia ZiriTad sacecxle poziciebze darCena: rodesac artileriisa da naRmsatyorcnebis cecxls uSenen maT, rodesac mowinaaRmdege Cvens TavdacvaSi SeiWreba, agreTve maSin, rodesac mowinaaRmdege aRmoaCens snaiperis ZiriTad sacecxle pozicias neitralur zolSi ,,nadirobis periodSi. cru sacecxle poziciebs awyoben imisaTvis, rom SecdomaSi Seiyvanon mowinaaRmdege, gamoiZaxon misi cecxli am poziciebis mimarTulebiT da moniSnon (CaniSnon) mowinaaRmdegis sacecxle saSualebebis ganlagebis adgilebi. snaiperis mowinave pozicia ewyoba wina xazis win am miznebSi sasrolad, romlebic ZiriTadi poziciidan ar Canan an arian miuwvdomelni. pozicia, unda hqondes sakuTar tranSeebSi dasabrunebeli faruli gzebi. snaiperTa warmatebuli moqmedebebi mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli moxerxebulad (sworad) SerCeul, mowyobil da SeniRbul sacecxle poziciaze. snaiperi sacecxle poziciisaTvis adgili SerCeva (sakuTari Tavdacvis wina xazze an mowinaaRmdegisaken ufro axlos win waweuli) konkretul viTarebazea damokidebuli. rodesac mowinaaRmdege Cveni wina xazidan 400-500 m-Si imyofeba, SesaZlebelia warmatebuli cecxlis uzrunvelyofa. Tavdacvis wina xazidan, Tu is meti manZiliT aris daSorebuli, maSin calkeuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad saWiro xdeba snaiperis poziciis win waweva. rogorc gviCvena omis gamocdilebam, mcire zomis mniSvnelovani miznebis dasazianeblad agreTve im miznebis dasazianeblad, romlebic winaxazidan ar Cans, snaipers periodulad uwevs neitralur zolSi gasvla, sadac is Casafrdeba, uTvalTvalebs da anadgurebs mowinaaRmdeges.

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wina xazze tranSeaSi an sabrZolo dacvis poziciaze sacecxle poziciis SerCeva snaipers rig upiratesobas aZlevs. jer erTi, ufro iolia poziciis mowyoba, vinaidan tranSea ukve gaTxrilia da saWiroa mxolod ramdenime sacecxle poziciis mowyoba da maTi SeniRbva. meore is, rom, radgan Cveni Tavdacvis wina xazze oceulisa da aseulis sayrden punqtebSi sxvadasxva sacecxle saSualebebisaTvis nravali poziciaa mowyobili da dakavebuli, mowinaaRmdeges uWirs snaiperis poziciis aRmoCena. mesame is, rom SesaZlebeli xdeba qvedanayofis sxva sacecxle saSualebebTan da metyviamfrqveebTan yvelaze mWidro urTierTqmedeba. meoTxe is, rom tranSeebisa da sangrebis arseboba snaipers saSualebas aZlevs swrafad da farulad Seicvalos adgili srolisaTvis. amava dros unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli rom pirvel tranSeas ufro meti yuradRebiT uTvalTvalebs mowinaaRmdege da mas ufro xSirad da intensiurad uSens cecxls, gansakuTrebiT Setevaze misi gadasvlis win. rig SemTxvevaSi xelsayrelia sacecxle poziciis SerCeva oceulis sayrdeni punqtebis siRrmeSi, maT Soris arsebul SualedebSi an flangebze, gansakuTrebiT, Tu adgilmdebareoba uzrunvelyofs karg pirobebs TvalTvalisa da cecxldaSenisaTvis. adgilmdebareoba sacecxle poziciis raionSi unda uzrunvelyofdes snaiperis faruli manevris Tavisuflebas (rogorc frontis gaswvriv, aseve siRrmeSi); mas agreTve unda hqondes sacecxle poziciasTan faruli misadgomebi. snaiperisaTvis sacecxle poziciis mowyoba mizanSewonilia mcire dasaxlebuli punqtebis nangrevebSi, tyis masivebis xeebze, romlebic wina xazTan axlosaa, dazianebul teqnikasTan sasaflaos saflavebsa da Zeglebs Sua, moWerili xeebis ZirkvebTan da sxva. rogorc meore msoflio omis gamocdilebam gviCvena, mxareTa xangrZlivi Tavdacvis pirobebSi ar unda SeirCes sacecxle poziciebi calke mdgar naxevrad dangreul SenobebSi, romlebic neitralur zonaSi an Cvens wina xazTan axlos dganan, agreTve calkeul adgilobriv sagnebTan, romlebic orientirebad gamodgeba: xeebis jgufebTan, calkeul buCqebTan, WasTan, vinaidan mowinaaRmdege

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am adgilebs yovelTvis uTvalTvalebs da adre Tu gvian aRmoaCens snaipers da gaanadgurebs mas. TviTgadarCenis instiqti xSirad badebs azrs, rom xangrZlivmoqmedi nagebobebi warmoadgenen brwyinvale adgils snaiperTa sacecxle poziciebisaTvis. magram, unda icodeT, rom ambrazurebi, Cveulebriv, gamiznulia mowinaaRmdegis snaiperebisa da sxva sacecxle saSualebebis mier. neitralur zolSi snaiperis win waweva da sacecxle poziciis mowyoba mowinaaRmdegesTan uSualo siaxloveSi kargad unda iyos gaazrebuli da momzadebuli. unda gaiTvaliswinoT mowinaaRmdegis ganlageba, anu win unda waiwioT mowinaaRmdegis Tavdacvis im ubanze, saidanac SesaZlebeli iqneba misTvis maqsimaluri zianis miyeneba. sakuTar wina xazs unda gadascdneT im mimarTulebiT, sadac ganoCnda mowinaaRmdegis snaiperi, moTvalTvale (mzverave) an mniSvnelovani sacecxle saSualeba, romlis ganadgureba sakuTari wina xazidan Znelia an iq, sadac mowinaaRmdege TavdacviT samuSaoebs asrulebs, gadaadgildeba da amJRavnebs Tavs. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom kargad SeiswavloT adgilmdebareoba optikuri xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT da rukiT (gansakuTrebiT is ubnebi, romlebic cudad Cans), CainiSnoT ramdenime sacecxle pozicia. xSir SemTxvevaSi neitralur zolSi poziciisaTvis aseTi adgilebia: xSiri balaxi da buCqnari, Wurvebisagan gaCenili Zabrebi mitovebuli sangrebi, WaobSi arsebuli kunZulebi, lelqaSi da sxva. adgilmdebareobis am monakveTze aucilebelia mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebis reJimis, sacecxle wertebis, tranSeebis, sangrebisa da sangarsavalebis Seswavla, im ubnebis gamovlena, romlebsac yvelaze metad uSens cecxls mowinaaRmdege. adgilmdebareobis Seswavlisas yuradReba unda miaqcioT mis fers, gaiazroT rogor da riT moawyoT da SeniRboT sacecxle pozicia (srolisaTvis gankuTvnili adgili), rogor SeiniRboT Tavi. zamTris pirobebSi sacecxle poziciisaTvis adgilis SerCevisas Seizleba Tovlis namqerebis da karierebis, mdinareebiis, tbebis napirebiis karnizebis, buCqnarian, nangrevebian da sxva bunebriv da xelovnur dabrkolebebTan raionebSi Tovlis namqerebis gamoyeneba. am dros unda gaiTvaliswinoT, rom mniSvnelovnad

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ufro rTuli xdeba SeniRbva (rogorc sacecxle poziciebisa, aseve maTTan misasvleli gzebis).zamTarSi sacecxle poziciaze gasvla yvelaze ukeTesia maSin, rodesac Tovli modis an rodesac Tovliani miwispira qaria, romlebic kvals faraven. tyeSi brZolis dros snaiperebi, Cveulebriv, sacecxle poziciebs xeebze ikaveben. pozicia SeiZleba SeirCes xSis wiwvovan tyeSi, agreTve miwidan amoglejil xeebTan, ZirkvebTan. iqidan SesaZlebeli unda iyos gzebis, gakafuli adgilebis da tbebsa da Waobebs Soris defileebis gakontroleba. msxvil dasaxlebul punqtSi Tavdacvis dros snaipers gacilebiT ufro xelsayreli pirobebi aqvs sacecxle poziciis SesarCevad, magram, amave dros amis gakeTeba ufro rTulia, vinaidan TvalTvalisa da cecxlis warmoebisaTvis pirobebi mniSvnelovnad SezRudulia. amitom, uwinares yovlisa, mizanSewonilia sacecxle poziciebisaTvis kuTxis Senobebis gamoyeneba, romlebic iZlevian saSualebas, rom cecxli dauSinon moednebs da quCebs maqsimalur manZilebze, agreTve cecxli dauSinon calkeul Senobebs an Senobebis jgufs ngrevis (nangrevebis) raionebSi, calkeul maRla Senobebs, qarxnis milebs, wyalsadawneo koSkebs, sanrekloebs da sxva nagebobebs, romlebic SenobaTa saerTo masivs dayureben da iZlevian cecxlis warmoebis (daSenis) saSualebas ara mxolod im mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiT, romelic win wawevas cdilobs, aramed im mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiTac, romelic ufro dabali Senobanagebobebis gamoyenebiT cdilobs siRrmidan ieriSisaTvis Zalebis mokrebas, agreTve cecxls uSenen im sacecxle saSualebebis gaTvlebs, romlebic mxars uWeren mowinave qvedanayofebis moqmedebebs. calkeul SemTxvevebSi, miwisqveSa nagebobebis da koleqtorebis gamoyenebiT snaipers SeuZlia mowinaaRmdegis zurgSi gasvla, SenobebSi dangreuli Senobebis naxevar sardafebSi, dazianebul sabrZolo teqnikaSi sacecxle poziciis dakaveba da mniSvnelovani zianis (zaralis) miyeneba mowinaaRmdegisaTvis. rodesac brZola dasaxlebuli punqtebis ganapiras, parkSi da baRebSi mimdinareobs, poziciebs irCeven ZabrebSi, Robeebs ukan, TxrilebSi. SeiZleba gamoiyenon dambebi da sxva nagebobebi, romlebic adgilmdebareobaze batonoben.

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mTebSi snaiperTa cecxlma gansakuTrebiT saimedod unda daicvas gzebi, xeobebidan, viwrobebidan gamosasvlelebi, mdinareebze da kanionebze moxerxebuli (xelsayreli) gadasasvlelebi. adgilebs sacecxle poziciebisaTvis irCeven mowinaaRmdegisaken mimarTuli gabatonebuli simaRleebis ferdobebze, xolo viwro mTis xeobaSi Tavdacvis dros _ mTebis mimdebare ferdobebze, romlebidanac uzrunvelyofilia zRvrul manZolaze jvaredini cecxlis warmoeba xeobaSi. CrdiloeT raionebSi snaiperisaTvis sacecxle poziciebs irCeven simaRleebze, dabal buCqnarSi da did qvebs ukan iseT adgilebSi, saidanac SesaZlebelia cecxliT saimedo dacva defileebisa, xidebisa da fonebis, agreTve gzebisaTvis cecxlis daSena. sacecxle poziciis mowyoba wina xazze arsebul sayrden punqtebsa da sabrZolo dacvis poziciebze snaiperis sacecxle poziciebs Cveulebrivi wesiT irCeven, iseve rogorc meavtomateebisa da metyviamfrqveveebisaTvis. snaiperis pozicia maTi poziciidan arafriT ar unda gamoirCeodes. sxva saqmea is, Tu es poziciebi ewyoba sayrdeni punqtis siRrmeSi, wina xazis SualedebSi, flangebze an mis win, agreTve neitralur zolSi, uSualod mowinaaRmdegesTan axlos. mowinaaRmdegesTan uSualo Sexebis pirobebSi snaiperis sacecxle pozicia amiT unda moawyon, samuSao xmauris gareSe unda Sesruldes. adgili srolisaTvis Tavidan ewyoba wolela srolisaTvis ujredis saxiT. jdomela da dgomela mdgomareobaSi srolisaTvis Sesabamisad ufro Rrma ujredebs awyoben. Semdgomi mowyoba Seicavs ambrazurebis gadaxurvas da SeniRbvas. yvelaze ukeTesia sacecxle poziciis kordiT SeniRbva. imisaTvis, rom kordi ar gamoirCeodes, is unda daamzadoT iseT adgilze, romlis tenianoba SesaniRbi ubnis tenianobis msgavsia. kordis dadebamde miwa unda gafxvierdes da moirwyas; kordis naWrebi erTmaneTis gverdiT mWidrod unda daawyoT da erTmaneTs moargoT. ramdenime dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi Ram-RamobiT kordi unda moirwyas. kords amzadeben calkeuli 20x40 sm-iani marTkuTxedebis saxiT; maTi sisqe 10 sm-ze naklebi ar unda iyos.

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kordis gadatanisas naWrebi ise unda daawyoT, rom balaxi balaxs edebodes, raTa is gruntiT ar gaWuWyiandes. snaiperis sacecxle poziciis mosawyobad unda gamoyoT sakmarisi raodenobis xalxi im gaangariSebiT, rom yvela samuSao gaTenebamde 1-1,5 saaTiT adre damTavrdes. Tu moxdeba, rom mouwevT samuSaos gadadeba, saWiro iqneba am adgilis droulad da guldagul SeniRbva, raTa mowinaaRmdegem ver SemCnios aranairi niSani imisa, rom iq samuSaoebs awarmoeben. Tu SeuZlebeli iqneba samuSaoebis drouli SeniRmva, poziciis SeniRbva unda Sewydes. ukeTesi iqneba sxva adgilis SerCeva. snaiperis sacecxle pozicias, Cveulebriv, awyoben wolela, jdomela, calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki _ dgomela mdgomareobaSi TvalTvalisa da srolisaTvis. sakuTari jaris ganlagebaSi snaiperis sacecxle pozicia, ZiriTadad, dgomela mdgomareobaSi srolisaTvis ewyoba. rac ar unda kargad iyos mowyobili da SeniRbuli snaiperis sacecxle pozicia, rekomendebuli ar aris samuSaoTa damTavrebisTanave misi dakaveba; unda moicadon, vidre is garemosTan sruliad Serwymuli gaxdeba (vidre is sruliad SeumCneveli gaxdeba). snaiperTa Sewyvilebuli da calkeuli sacecxle poziciebi wolela da jdomela mdgomareobaSi srolisaTvis ise unda moawyon, rom poziciis RerZsa da srolis an TvalTvalis mimarTulebas Soris iyos 20300-iani kuTxe. jdomela srolisaTvis sacecxle poziciis (nax. 31) asagebad, ambrazuris mosawyobad da SesaniRbad snaipers sWirdeba 4-6 kac-saaTi. snaipers yovelTvis unda axsovdes, rom sacecxle poziciis gamZleoba imdenad ar aris damokidebuli mis simtkiceze, ramdenadac mis moxerxebul (karg) SeniRbvaze, snaiperis mier SeniRbvis disciplinis dacvaze, agreTve misi dakavebis farulobaze. ambrazuris moZravi saxuravi magrdeba Rvedis maryuJebiT ( ). mas wvrili mavTuliT aReben, romelic ambrazuris zevidan gadis; is ixureba sakuTari simZimiT. xufSi CarWobilia lursmnebi, romelzedac, Tu brustveri kordiTaa dafaruli, kordis naWers adeben; yovel Rames unda gamoicvalon. Tu brustvers zevidan kordi ar aqvs, maSin saxuravs fisovan fiqsaJs

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(samagrs) usvamen da zevidan erTgvarovan grunts ayrian. saxuravs srolis mimarTulebis mimarT swori kuTxiT ise ayeneben, rom mizani Candes. snaiperis sacecxle pozicia SeiZleba iyos mowyobili TvalTvalisa da cecxlis warmoebisaTvis gamosadebi adgilobrivi sagnebisa da nagebobebis (Zirkvi, xeebis fesvebi, qva, Zegli) qveS xvrelis (Txrilis) gayvaniT. aseTi poziciis saZromi sakuTari jaris mxridan ewyoba, rom mowinaaRmdegis mxridan ar Candes. naTxari miwa (amoRebuli grunti) tomrebiT gaaqvT mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisagan dafarul uaxloes adgilze. momzadebuli sacecxle poziciebi SeiZleba SeiniRbos adgilmdebareobis am ubnisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli adgilobrivi sagnebis maketebiT, romlebsac sakuTari jaris zurgSi amzadeben da snaiperis sacecxle poziciaze uSualod dayenebis win miaqvT. meore msoflio omis dros adgilobrivi sagnebis sxvadasxva maketebs farTod iyenebdnen snaiperebisa da moTvalTvaleebis SesaniRbad. maT adgilobrivi masalebisagan amzadebdnen da sxvadasxva sagnebis (Tivis zvini, Zirkvi, gatexili xe, qva, gzis maCvenebeli, jariskacis, cxenis gvami da sxva) imitacias axdenen (atarebdnen), romlebic adgilmdebareobis ama Tu im ubanze arsebobdnen. RamiT maketebis namdvili sagnebis magier ayenebdnen. xSirad aseT cru maketebs (skulptmaketebs) ukeTebdnen zevidan gadaxurul da gulmodginad SeniRbul sangarsavalebs, romlebic iZleodnen mowinaaRmdegisagan SeumCnevlad maTTan misvlis saSualebas, xolo im maketebs, romlebTanac ar iyo miyvanili sangarsavalebi, ikaveben RamiT (ganTiaTamde). maketebidan TvalTvali da srola xdeba specialurad gakeTebuli mcire zomis naxvretidan, romlebsac guldagul niRbaven saerTo fonis Sesabamis ferad SeRebili dolbandiT. cru motexil xes mavTulis karkasze akeTeben. maketis simaRlidan gamomdinare SeiZleba gamoiyenon latnebi an maT gareSe gaakeTon maketi. damzadebul karkass zevidan adeben da amagreben namdvili xis zeda nawils. gverdebze karkass materias an brezents akraven, romelsac zevidan xis qerqs adeben da

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mavTuliT amagreben. sasurvelia, rom qerqis dadebamde karkass (materiagadakruls) xis fisi wausvan, raTa qerqi ukeT iyos damagrebuli da wvimian amindSi ar dasveldes. misi mowyoba 3-4 saaTs moiTxovs. amisaTvis saWiroa 350 m. mavTuli, 2-3 c. latani, 1,5-2 m2 materia, brezenti, 0,3 l _ fisi. cru Zirkvi analogiurad keTdeba. karkasi SeiZleba tirifis wnelisagan 1,5-2 saaTis ganmavlobaSi damzaddes. gamoiyeneba 200 g mavTuli, 1-1,5 m2 materia an brezenti da 0,15-0,2 l fisi. cru burcobi, cru qva, cru RorRis grova imave principiT ewyoba, rac cru Zirkvi. cru sagans TvalTvalisaTvis da jdomela srolisaTvis miwaSi amoTxril ujreds zevidan adeben. zamTarSi aseT ujredSi idayvebisa da fexebis qveS, agreTve dasajdom adgilze Tivis leibebi an wiwvovani xeebis totebi unda dadon. rodesac awyoben sacecxle pozicias saTofuridan wolela mdgomareobaSi srolisaTvis, Ziri unda gaukeTon 10-12 0-iani kuTxiT daxrili (nax. 32). gruntis moxsnis Semdeg am adgilze deben leibebs _ jer fiCxisagan, Semdeg _ lelqaSisagan, Tivisa an wiwvovanTa totebisagan. aseTi umniSvnelo gaumjobeseba SesamCnevad gauumjobesebs snaipers pirobebs TvalTvalisa da srolisaTvis. yuradReba unda miaqcion zeda gadaxurvisa da srolisaTvis da TvalTvlisaTvis sabjenebis mowyobas. rekomendebuli ar aris, rom zeda gadaxurva brtyeli iyos, rac gamoiwvevs imas, rom snaiperi Tavs miabjens gadaxurvas; Tu gadaxurva garkveuli kuTxiT gakeTdeba, maSin snaipers Tavisuflad moZraobis saSualeba eqneba. srolisaTvis sabjeni ise unda moewyos, rom mas im xelis winamxari ebjinebodes, romeliTac SaSxana uWiravT (Cveulebriv, es marcxena xelia). sabjens SeiZleba xelis mtevani ebjinebodes (xelis mtevani iseTive mdgomareobaSi unda iyos, rogorSic xeliT, sabjenis gareSe, iaraRis daWerisas). moZravTavsaxurian ambrazuras mxolod miwur brustverebSi iyeneben. mas fanerisa an ficrebisagan amzadeben da damcavi saRebaviT Rebaven. misi sigrZe 50-70 sm unda iyos. sigrZe damokidebulia dayenebis adgilze brustveris sisqeze.

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cru buCqebs da mcire zomis xeebs zogjer iq iyeneben, sadac raime mizezis gamo SeuZlebelia bunebrivi mcenareulobis gamoyeneba. isini Sedgeba mavTulis karkasisagan, romelzedac mimagrebulia liTonis an xis burbuSela, SeRebili Sesabamisi saRebaviT, an totebi poliqlorvinilis foTlebiT, an SesaniRbi noxi, an namdvili totebi mavTulis karkasi SeiZleba Seicvalos gamxmari totebiT an fiCxiT. magram, gacilebiT ukeTesia buCqebis gamoyeneba, romlebsac gadargaven saWiro adgilze da inarCuneben maT bunebriv saxes. advilad gadasargavia iasamani, TeTri akacia, tirifi, mocxari, Jasmini, kuneli. gadasargavad saWiro dros Sesamcireblad buCqebs winaswar yuTebSi aTavseben. yuTebis simaRle da sigane 40-60 sm toli unda iyos. yuTis Zirze 2-3 cali 1,5-2 sm-iani diametris naxvreti keTdeba. ZirSi iyreba kramitisa an samSeneblo aguris msxvili natexebi; mas zevidan 2 sm-is sisqis qviSis fenas ayrian, Semdeg ki _ Sav an baRis miwas. adgilobriv sagnebad SeniRbuli snaiperta sacecxle poziciebis mowyobisa da SeniRbvis magalitebi moyvanilia naxatebze 33-42. rac ar unda kargad iyos mowyobili da SeniRbuli snaiperis sacecxle pozicia, saWiroa poziciis dakaveba-datovebis dros SeniRbvis zomebis mkacrad dacva; agreTve unda ganisazRvros SecdomaSi mowinaaRmdegis Seyvanis xerxebi. mowinaaRmdegis dezorientirebisaTvis mizanSewonilia, rom snaiperis sacecxle poziciidan 75-100 metrSi mis gverdze iyos mowyobili cru pozicia, romelic mowinaaRmdegis moTvalTvaleTa da snaiperTa yuradRebas miipyrobs. cru sacecxle poziciis mosawyobad saWiro ar aris sangris srulad gaTxra, ficarfenis gakeTeba da sxva. sakmarisia mxolod garegnulad poziciis gaformeba, srolis xmis imitatoris da 1-2 jariskacis Tavis maketis dayeneba. maketebi ise unda daayenon, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi aweva da Cveneba. amisaTvis akumulatoriani amwevi unda daayenon da marTon is snaiperis ZiriTadi poziciidan an gamoiyenon martivi meqanikuri damadgari.

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maketebis saCvenebeli danadgari Tavisufali zomis aso ,,-s saxiT keTdeba im gaangariSebiT, rom is cru poziciis brustvers iyos mofarebuli. Tavis makets zevidan kanafs abamen, romelic gatarebulia danadgaris zeda kadonSi CarWobil kavSi. kanafi unda gaataron (gaWimon) 2-3 martiv blokSi da snaiperis ZiriTad poziciamde miiyvanon. imisaTvis, rom kanafis gaWimvisas (daWimvisas) maketi imaze met simaRleze ar aiwios, vidre saWiroa, kanafze SemzRudvels amagreben. kanafis gaWimvis Sesustebisas Tavis maketi sakuTari simZimiT qveviT eSveba (nax. 43). danadgaris amoqmedebisas snaiperebi mowinaaRmdegis cecxls moCvenebiTi snaiperebis winaaRmdeg iZaxeben da amgvarad aRmoaCenen mowinaaRmdegis snaiperebs an sacecxle wertilebs da anadgureben maT. snaiperis poziciis mowyoba gansakuTrebul pirobebSi zamTarSi, rodesac Tovlis siRrme mcirea (umniSvneloa) da grunti Rrmad ar aris gayinuli, snaiperis sacecxle pozicias awyoben asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis gamoyenebiT an iyeneben Wurvis Zabrebs, ormoebs, Txrilebs. poziciebiis brustverebs akeTeben gayinuli gruntis gundebisagan da TovliT niRbaven (nax. 44). rodesac grunti 50 sm-ze da met siRrmezea gayinuli da Tovlis safari 40 sm-ze ufro Rrmaa, poziciebs naxevrad CaRrmavebuli saxiT awyoben. rodesac Tovlis siRrme 80 sm da metia, poziciebs miwis zedapirze awyoben da brustvers Tovlisagan ukeTeben. misi damcavi sisqe 400 sm-ze naklebi ar unda iyos (nax. 45). tyeSi sacecxle poziciis xeze mowyobisas iyeneben totebis konfiguracias, akeTeben ficarnags an gadasatan mowyobilobebs iyeneben (nax. 46-49). rodesac snaiperis sacecxle pozicias dasaxlebuli punqtis SenobaSi awyoben, snaiperi cecxlis warmoebisaTvis iyenebs fanjris sios, kedelSi arsebul xvrels, sxvenis fanjaras da amitom maT ar amoqolaven, magram odnav siRrmeSi Cveulebriv rux an damcav

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(wyliT dasvelebuli) tomrebSi Cayril qvisa an betonis RorRs iyeneben TvalTvalisa da srolisaTvis sabjenis gasakeTeblad (nax. 50). calkeul SemTxvevaSi Senobis kedelSi SeiZleba iyos mowyobili xvreli TvalTvalisaTvis da ambrazura srolisaTvis. ambrazuris gakeTeba ukeTesia milZabriT Tqvensken Sebrunebuli saxiT, rac uzrunvelyofs ukeTes SeniRbvas da amcirebs naxvretSi pirdapiri moxvedrebis albaTobas. mTian adgilmdebareobaze kldovan gruntze snaiperis sacecxle pozicia ewyoba wolela da Coqela srolisaTvis, ufro xSirad, qvebisagan safaris mowyobis xarjze. mTis ferdobebze, romlebzec grunti rbili da saSualoa poziciebs awyoben ise, rogorc Cveulebriv pirobebSi. mizanSewonilia snaiperis sacecxle poziciisaTvis napralebis, naRvarebis da Rvimeebis (gamoqvabulebis) gamoyeneba. uSualo safari maT siRrmeSi qvebisagan keTdeba. iyeneben agreTve kaWarebs (), qvebis natexebis grovebs, romlebic cotaoden unda gawmindon. koSkis tipis qvis nagebobebis (nangrevebis) gamoyeneba mizanSeuwonelia, vinaidan isini Cveulebriv, TvalTvalisaTvis moxerxebul (xelsayrel) adgilebSia agebuli da warmoadgenen karg orientirebs. udabnosa da stepebSi snaiperis sacecxle poziciis cerobebis dasafarad iyeneben lelqaSs, lerwams, saqsauls da sxva buCqarian mcenareulobas, agreTve maTgan damzadebul nakeTobebs (leibebs, fiCxkonebs da fiCxkonis CarCoebs). Tu aris Tixa da wyali, SeiZleba Tixabzis blokebis da alizis gamoyeneba. udabnoSi snaiperis sacecxle poziciis mosawyobad iyeneben miwian tomrebs, romlebsac poziciis cicaboebis gasamagreblad pirmokruli mxariT gruntisaken awyoben. imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aicilon snaiperis poziciis qviSiT dafarva, saWiroa saCexis, safaris, xolo nagebobis win an ukan qarpira mxridan gamtari da gaumtari ekranebis dayeneba (nax. 51). zafxulSi mcxunvare mzis sxivebisagan dasacavad saWiroa sacecxle poziciis gadaxurva da orpiri qarisaTvis naxvretebis gakeTeba.

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imierpolareTSi snaiperTa sacecxle poziciebis mowyoba SeiZleba Tovlis blokebiT, romlebic gamoWrilia Tovlis zeda mWidro fenisagan (nax. 52). zafxulSi sangrebSi kords an qvebs awyoben (afenen). snaiperis SeniRbvis wesebi SeniRbva aris snaiperis sabrZolo saqmianobis ganuyofeli nawili. rac ar unda kargad flobdes iaraRs samxedro mosamsaxure, rac ar unda kargi msroleli iyos, magram ar SeeZlos saukeTesod SeniRbva, is ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos momzadebul snaiperad. snaiperis sabrZolo saqmianobaSi SeniRbva iZens gansakuTrebiT did mniSvnelobas. ostaturi, sxvadasxvanairi da mudmivi SeniRbva unda axlavdes brZolis velze snaiperis yovel moqmedebas. SeniRbvis aseTi didi mniSvneloba snaiperisaTvis, gamomdinareobs TviT sasnaipero ostatobis bunebidan. brZolis velze snaipers uZvirfasesi (umniSvnelovanesi) upiratesoba aqvs: mas SeuZlia mowinaaRmdegis uSualo siaxloveSi misgan uxilavad moqmedeba; vinaidan mowinaaRmdege snaipers ver xedavs, mas ar SeuZlia snaiperis ganadgureba. is, rom snaiperi uxilavia mowinaaRmdegisaTvis, miiRweva kargi (ostaturi) SeniRbviT. SeniRbva ara mxolod pasiur miznebs isaxavs: mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisagan dafarva, aramed mas aqtiuri miznebic aqvs: WeSmaritis damalva, crus Cveneba, raTa SecdomaSi Seiyvanon mowinaaRdege da amiT xeli SeuSalon misi gegmebis ganxorcielebas da araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi Caayenon is. niSnebi, romlebiTac mowinaaRmdeges SeuZlia brZolis velze snaiperis aRmoCena, aris e.w. ganmniRbavi niSnebi. es aris: tansacmlis feri, forma, moZraoba, xma (xmauri). maTi ganmniRbavi moqmedeba SeiZleba gaZlierdes (gaizardos) an Sesustdes (Semcirdes) im bunebrivi pirobebis TaviseburebebTan dakavSirebiT, romelSic snaiperi moqmedebs (mimdebare adgilmdebareobis xasiaTi, amindis ganaTebis pirobebi da sxva), an saerTo sabrZolo viTarebidan gamomdinare brZolis (aqtiuri, Tu pasiuri etapi).

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sagnebs sxvadasxva Seferiloba (feri) aqvT, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor dainaxaven maT: erTnairad SeRebili sagnebi erTmaneTisagan TiTqmis ar gansxvavdebian, sxvadasxva ferad SeRebilebi ki, piriqiT, mkveTrad gansxvavdebian. didi mniSvneloba aqvs sagnis zedapiris xasiaTs: erTi da igive feri sxvadasxvanairad gamoiyureba imis mixedviT mqrqali (xorkliani) zedapiri aqvs sagans, Tu kriala (gluvi). gluvi, kriala zedapirebi iZlevian ganmniRbav anarekls. snaiperis tansacmlis feri unda Seesabamebodes irgvliv mdebare adgilmdebareobis fers, unda iyos Serwymuli masTan. SesaniRbavi laqebi SesaniRbav kostiumze, agreTve yovelgvari xelovnuri safarebi Tavisi garSemoxazulobiT unda hgavdnen im adgilobriv sagnebs, romelTa Sorisac snaiperi imaleba. moZraoba warmoadgens ganmniRbav niSans. vidre SeniRbuli snaiperi uZravia, misi aRmoCena Zalian Znelia, TiTqmis SeuZlebelic, magram, rogorc ki is daiwyebs moZraobas, misi danaxva (SemCneva) gacilebiT ufro ioli xdeba. erT gaufrTxilebel moZraobas (gansakuTrebiT, rodesac mowinaaRmdegesTan uSualod axlosaa) SeuZlia mowinaaRmdeges miuTiTos snaiperis adgilmdebareoba. snaipers ganniRbaven iseTi xmebi, rogoric aris gasrolis xma, xmauri moZraobis dros, xveleba, laparaki, saketis RrWiali, iaraRisa da aRWurvilobis liTonis nawilebis JRaruni. xmebis ganmniRbavi mniSvneloba izrdeba RamiT da brZolebs Soris Sesvenebebis dros. adgilmdebareobis xasiaTs, weliwadis dros, amindisa da ganaTebis pirobebs arsebiTi gavlena aqvT SeniRbvaze. isini aZliereben da asusteben ganmnibav niSnebs. ase magaliTad, Znelia SeniRbva vake da Ria moedanze (adgilze) da gacilebiT ufro iolia, Tu mcire uswormasworebi aqvs niadags da is dafarulia mcenareulobiT (balaxi, lelqaSi, buCqnari da sxva). Tovlze, qviSaze an Waobian adgilze snaiperi moZraobisas tovebs kvals, romliTac mowinaaRmdeges SeuZlia misi aRmoCena. wvimian da moRrublul amindSi SeniRbva ufro iolia, vinaidan adgilmdebareoba iZens erTgvarova, uferul saxes; mzian amindSi ki yvelaferi mkafiod da naTlad Cans. mzian dReebSi ganmniRbavia

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Crdili, xolo iaraRis, aRWurvilobis liTonis nawilebi, optikuri xelsawyoebis minebi mzeze bzinaven. brZolis dros snaiperis SeniRbvis ZiriTadi amocanaa is, rom man aRmofxvras ganmniRbavi niSnebi. es saWiroa imisaTvis, rom mas mieces mowinaaRmdegesTan brZolis saSualeba sakuTari Tavis gaumJRavneblad. snaiperis gankargulebaSi SeniRbvis mravali xerxi da saSualebaa. yvela maTgani or ZiriTad jgufad SeiZleba daiyos: bunebrivi da xelovnuri (an teqnikuri) SeniRbvis saSualebebi. bunebrivi SeniRbvis safuZvels warmoadgens adgilmdebareobasTan moxerxebuli misadageba, anu misi SemniRbavi Tvisebebis gamoyeneba. daserili (uswormasworo) adgilmdebareoba, mcenareuli safari, adgilobrivi sagnebi, reliefis uswormasworoba (ormoebi, releebi, Txrilebi), Senobebi an maTi nangrevebi iZlevian ara mxolod mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisagan dafarvis saSualebas, aramed uzrunvelyofen agreTve misi cecxlisagan dacvas. mcenareul safar-tyes, buCqnars, maRal balaxs, sasoflosameurneo kulturebis nargavebs brwyinvale SemniRbavi Tvisebebi aqvT. garda amisa, moWrili totebisa da balaxisagan SeiZleba sxvadasxva SemniRbavi saSualebis: badeebis, lastebis, niRabwnulis damzadeba. tansacmelze da aRWurvilobaze totebis, balaxisa da Tivis konebis damagrebiT SeiZleba SesaniRbavi kostiumebis damzadeba. bunebrivad niRbavs Rame, bindbundi, Tova, nisli, qarbuqi, Crdili da sxva. xelovnuri SeniRbvis saSualebebidan snaiperi iyenebs tabelur SesaniRbav saSualebebs (qonebas), sakvamle saSualebebs, bgeriT da SuqSeniRbvas. satabelo SesaniRbavi saSualebaa SesaniRbavi kombinezoni (kostiumi), romelsac aRWurvilobaze zevidan icvamen (nax. 53), kombinezonebi (kostiumebi) ramdenime ferisaa weliwadis sxvadasxva dros, adgilmdebareobis Seferilobis mixedviT gamosayeneblad; zamTarSi iyeneben TeTri feris kombinezons, SemodgomiT _ moyviTalo-moyavisfero tonis, zafxulSi _ moWarbebuli mwvane tonis. kombinezonebs (kostiumebs), romlebic zafxulisa da SemodgomisaTvis arian gankuTvnili, aqvT danakerebi

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adgilobrivi SesaniRbavi masalebis dasamagreblad, rac uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva mcenareuli safaris mqone adgilmdebareobaze ukeTes SeniRbvas. zamTris SesaniRbavi kombinezoni (kostiumi) TeTri materiisagan mzaddeba. imisaTvis, rom kombinezoni (kostiumi) miwiT ar daisvaros, mas inaxaven da gadaaqvT specialuri tomriT. SesaniRbavi kombinezonis (kostiumis) ar arsebobisas (uqonlobis dros) SeiZleba 1,5x1 m zomebis badis gamoyeneba. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba mkerdis, Tavis da zurgis dasafaravad. kuTxeebSi bades zonrebs akereben. am zonrebiT bades qamarze imagreben. masSi aqsoven balaxisa da totebis konebs. amiT wolela mdgomareobaSi snaipers ukeT (kargad) niRbaven. universaluri SesaniRbavi saSualeba, romelic yvela SemTxvevaSi gamodgeba, ar arsebobs. SesaniRbavi kombinezoni ifaravs snaipers mowinaaRmdegis TvalTvalisagan mxolod gansazRvrul pirobebSi da gansazRvruli wesebis dacvis dros. Tu ar iqneba daculi SeniRbvis disciplina, veraviTari SesaniRbavi kostiumi ver uSvelis saqmes. saukeTeso SesaniRbavi saSualebebis arseboba mxolod saqmis naxevaria, saWiroa maTi moxerxebuli gamoyenebis Seswavla da SeniRbvis wesebis mkacri dacva. maTgan ZiriTadia Semdegi: 1. nebismier SeniRbvis RonisZiebas win unda uswrebdes adgilmdebareobis guldagul dazverva da SeniRbvis TvalsazrisiT misi Sefaseba. unda Sefasdes im adgilmdebareobis Seferiloba, romelzedac mouwevT moqmedeba; aqedan gamomdinare unda ganisazRvros sakuTari individualuri SeniRbvis xasiaTi (SesaniRbavi kostiumis tipi da feri da sxva). adgilmdebareoba unda Sefasdes im zRudeebis mixedviT, sadac aris moxerxebuli faruli misadgomebi da sadac ar aris safarebi da saWiro iqneba sruliad Ria adgilmdebareobis (ubnebis) gadalaxva. unda moifiqron am Ria ubnebis, romlebsac mowinaaRmdege advilad uSens cecxls, farulad gadalaxvis xerxebi. 2. SesaniRbavi aRWurvilobis SerCevis Semdeg is kargad unda moirgoT. uyuradRebod ar unda darCes arc erTi wvrilmani. megobrebma unda Seumowmon snaipers, rom mas ganmniRbavi

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laqebi ar hqondes. iaraRi da aRWurviloba ise unda iyos morgebuli, rom moZraobisas ar gamoscen xma (ar ixmauron). 3. optikuri xelsawyoebis ganmniRbavi bzinvis aRmosafxvrelad muyaosa an sqeli (mtkice) qaRaldisagan unda damzaddes damcavi saCerebi, mzis blendebi. es aris 8-12 sm-is sigrZis milakebi, romlebic TvalTvalis dros binoklis obieqtivebs an optikur samiznes Camoecmeva. Signidan isini unda SeiRebos Savad, garedan ki isini adgilmdebareobis ferad iRebeba. 4. SeniRbvisas unda iyos gaazrebuli umciresi detalebic ki. muqi feris SesaniRbi kostiumis gamoyenebisas TeTri saxe da xelebis mtevnebi ganmniRbvelia. zafxulSi saxeze muqi feris dolbandis niRabs an grims ikeTeben, zamTarSi TeTr dolbandis niRabs ikeTeben, xolo xelebze Sesaferisi feris xelTaTmanebs icvamen. 5. romelime adgilobriv saganTan ganlagebisas is unda gamoiyenoT safarad da TvalTvali awarmooT gverdidan da ara zevidan (nax. 54,a,b). ganlageba xis fesvebTan, borcvebTan, ZirkvebTan, buCqebTan SeiZleba, magram ara calke mdgomebTan. cecxlis sawarmoeblad ar SeiZleba adgilis SerCeva SesamCnev orientirebTan da adgilobriv sagnebTan. 6. nebismier viTarebaSi ise unda ganlagdeT, rom ukan SemniRbavi foni gqondeT. ar SeiZleba ganlageba mTisa an sxva maRlobis Txemze, raTa cis fonze SesamCnevi ar iyoT. 7. SeiZleba adgilobrivi sagnebis Crdilis gamoyeneba, magram unda gaxsovTeT, rom dRis ganmavlobaSi Crdili icvlis adgils. ar SeiZleba kaSkaSa, ganaTebul adgilebSi da naTellaqebian adgilmdebareobaze ganlageba. 8. SeniRbvisaTvis unda gamoiyenoT mcenareuloba (totebi, balaxi). ar unda daiviwyoT, rom is Tavis Tavdapirvel Seferilobas (fers) mxolod ramdenime dRis ganmavalobaSi inarCunebs.