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SMU Course #: EE 8301NTU Course #: ST 750-N

DATA COMMUNICATIONSSession #28 -- Dr. Baker

December 3, 1998

“Live” Class Call-In Line: (214)768-3068Tape Problems: vthelp@seas.smu.edu

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www.caida.ord

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Dennis Heimann

District Sales Manager

AMP Incorporated

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The Cabling Apple Cart Turns Over

Tony Beam, RCDDDirector of Global Systems Marketing

Presented By:

Dennis Heimann, RCDD

District Sales Manager

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Gigabit Data Rates Market Trends/Drivers

• Demands on LANs are increasing Users desire latest technology Increasingly complex applications require more memory PC processing power doubling every 1.5 - 2 years Client/server computing increased to share applications End result is network stress

• Cabling should be part of the solution,

not part of the problem!

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Cabling, LAN Technologies & StandardsChicken & Egg Story

LAN Technologies• 622 Mbps ATM• Gigabit Ethernet

LAN Standards• ATM Forum• IEEE 802.3

Cabling Trends• Power Sum • E-DIN 44312-5 Category 6• Levels Program

Cabling Standards• Enhanced Cat 5• Cat 6/Class E• Cat 7/Class F

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LAN Technologies Data Rate and Signal Bandwidth

Network CablePairs

FullDuplex

LineCode

Min. SignalBandwidth

CodingLevels

CablingCategory

10 Base-T 2 No Manch-ester

10 MHz 2 3

100VG-AnyLAN

4 No NRZ 12.5 MHz 2 3

100 Base-Tx 2 No MLT-3 32.5 MHz 3 5

155 Mb/sATM

2 Yes NRZ 77.5 MHz 2 5

1000 Base-T 4 Yes TX/T2 62.5 MHz 5 5?

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Gigabit Ethernet Copper Physical Layer Interfaces

Media Access Control (MAC)full duplex and/or half duplex

1000BASE-X 8B/10Bencoding/ decoding

Gigabit Media Independent Interface

1000BASE-TCat 5 UTPXcvr

1000BASE-T Copper PHYencoder/decoder

100m

802.3z physical layer802.3z physical layer802.3ab802.3abphysical layerphysical layer

with DSPwith DSP

1000BASE-CXShielded Balanced Copper Xcvr

25m

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Gigabit Ethernet On Copper Physical Layer

• Objective is for eventual GE deployment to desktop on existing Category 5 cabling (US penetration 72%)

• Simultaneously transmit and receive at 250Mb/s on all four pairs.

• 5-Level PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) and pulse shaping so spectrum is same as 100BASE-TX

• Requires higher SNR (signal to noise) for given BER than 100BASE-TX because of multi-level signaling

• Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is used to cancel some of the noise

• Due to DSP a 1000BASE-T Xcvr may have the complexity of a 486 processor and initially cost 5 times more than a 100BASE-TX Xcvr

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CablingEvolving Horizontal Cabling Platforms

20001996199219881984

1000

100

10

1

1000

100

10

1

155 Mb/s ATM

100BASE-Tx

10BASE-T16 Mb/s Token Ring

4 Mb/sToken Ring

CAT4CAT4 CAT5CAT5CAT3CAT3

Mb/sMHzData RateBandwidth

1000BASE-T

1.2 Gbps ATM ?

?

CAT XCAT X

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CablingThe Performance Decision

Cat 5/Class DMargin

Level 6

Level 7

Level 5EnhancedEnhanced Cat 5+

Cat 6/Class E

Cat 7/Class F

Headroom!

Characte

rized

to 350 M

Hz

Able to transmit 622 Mbps

to the workstation

able

to transm

it 1000 M

bps

to the w

orkstatio

nSingle-mode

50 µm

62.5 µm

Aggregate Bandwidth

Filtering through the Premises Cabling Revolution.

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• Original industry performance spec for CAT 5 TIA/EIA-568-A, Category 5 ISO/IEC 11801, Class D CENELEC EN 50173, Class D AS/NZS 3080: 1996, Class D

• Specifies requirements for pair-to-pair performance

• Considered “Bare Bones” technology

• Recently amended to include Skew addendum

Current Industry Definition Category 5/Class D

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Performance CharacteristicsPair-to-Pair Systems (Review)

• Key Performance Parameters Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) Attenuation Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR)

Pair 1

Pair 2

NIC HUB

XC

VR

XC

VR

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Performance Characteristics Attenuation to Crosstalk (Loss) Ratio

Transmitter Receiver

Receiver Transmitter

Transmitted Signal

Attenuated Signal

Coupled NEXT Noise

ACRAttenuated Signal NEXT Noise

NIC HUB

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Channel ACR Minimum for Cat 5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 20 40 60 80 100

Frequency MHz

dB

NEXT Limit

Attenuation Limit

Minimum ACR3.1

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But Wait, There’s More

• SP-4194 Proposed TSB to 568-A Additional Transmission

Performance Specifications for 100 Ohm 4-Pair Category 5 Cabling

Informative not required

• SP-4195 Proposed Addendum No. 5

to 568-A Additional Transmission

Performance Specifications for 4-Pair 100 Ohm Enhanced Category 5 Cabling

Requirements

TIA has two draft addenda out for ballot now -

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SP-4194 - Additional Cat 5 Specifications

“The development of certain high-speed applications has brought to the attention of the TIA the need for additional transmission requirements such as return loss and far end crosstalk (FEXT). These parameters are needed by system designers for applications that utilize all four pairs in the cable for full duplex transmission.”

“Although these are new specifications, the existing worst-case, two-connector topologies compliant with TIA/EIA-568-A are expected to meet these requirements. Other topologies are supported as long as they meet the ELFEXT and Return Loss requirements of this document.”

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Two-connector Topologies?

Other Topologies. . .(i.e. with cross-connect and/or transition point)

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SP-4195 - Enhanced Cat 5

“The development of certain high-speed applications has brought to the attention of the TIA the need for additional transmission requirements such as multi-disturber NEXT, return loss and multi-disturber far end crosstalk (FEXT). These parameters are needed by system designers for applications that utilize all four pairs in the cable for simultaneous bi-directional transmission.”

“Addendum 5 for category 5e cabling provides higher performance over a minimally compliant category 5 channel and recognizes advances in cabling technology.”

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So What Do the Giga-guys Say?

IEEE Draft P802.3ab/D2.0

Physical layer specification for 1000 Mb/s operationon four pairs of Category 5 or better balanced twistedpair cable (1000BASE-T)

40.8 Link Segment Characteristics1000BASE-T uses a duplex transmission system. Four full duplex channels are required to transport data between two PMDs. Each duplex channel supports an effective data rate of 250 Mbps in each direction simultaneously. The term ‘link segment’ used in this clause refers to four duplex channels and the term ‘duplex channel’ will be used to refer a single channel with full duplex capability. Specifications for a link segment applies equally to each for the four duplex channels.

1000BASE-T is designed to operate over a 4-pair Category 5 cabling system.

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Designed to Operate Over Cat 5, BUT. . .

ANNEX 40A Additional Cabling Design Guidelines

Although the 1 Gb/s specification described in Clause 40 was designed to operate over 4-pair Category 5 cabling systems as specified in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A and ISO/IEC 11801, there are additional steps that may be taken by network designers that will provide additional operating margins and ensure the objective BER of 10-10 is achieved.

•Power Sum NEXT•Defined but not spec’d higher than Cat 5

•Power Sum ELFEXT•Spec’d in Addendum 4 (Cat 5)

•Don’t use 25-pair•Don’t use crossconnect or transition point

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Performance Specifications4 Pair Systems

• Additional Performance Parameters Power Sum NEXT Power Sum ELFEXT Return Loss Skew

Pair 1

Pair 2

Pair 3

Pair 4

100or

1000Mb/s

100or 1000Mb/s

NIC HUB

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• EMI - Non-cancelable by DSP

4 Pair Systems1000BASE-T Noise Sources

NIC HUB

1000Mb/s

1000Mb/s

EMI

Return Loss

PS FEXTPS NEXT

250 Mb/s Full Duplex

• NEXT - Cancelable by DSP• NEXT - Cancelable by DSP

• Return Loss

• FEXT - Non-Cancelable by DSP

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Cabling StandardsANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A Draft Addendums

• ELFEXT

• Return Loss

• PS NEXT

• Return Loss

• ELFEXT

Additional Transmission Performance Specifications for 100 Ohm 4-Pair Category 5 Cabling

Minimum recommendation for new installations

Additional Transmission Performance Specifications for 100 Ohm 4-Pair Enhanced Category 5 Cabling

Informative not requirements

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CHANNEL (dB) LINK (dB)100 Mhz 100 Mhz

Attenuation 24 21.6P-P NEXT 30 32PS NEXT 27 29.3ELFEXT 19 21

PS ELFEXT 16 18ACR 6** 10.4**

PS ACR 3** 7.7**RETURN LOSS 10.1 12.1

Current Industry Definition Enhanced Category 5

Link and Channel Performance Specifications*

*Draft figures only and subject to change**Values are calculated and not a requirement of the Standard

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Current Industry DefinitionCategory 6/Class E

• Industry Specification: Originally a European de facto standard to be fully compliant with EN

50173 and show a positive ACR at 300 MHz Recently proposed by ISO/IEC 11801-A as Category 6/ Class E

specifying positive channel performance to 200 MHz.

• Purpose ISO released these channel performance specifications to IEEE and the

ATM forum to assist them in new network equipment development Necessary to future proof premises cabling systems that will utilize high

bandwidth leading edge applications over the life of the cabling system. Allows customer a choice of high performance unshielded or shielded

cabling

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CC CHANNEL (dB) IC CHANNEL (dB) LINK (dB)100 Mhz 200 Mhz 100 Mhz 200 Mhz 100 Mhz 200 Mhz

Attenuation 21.6 31.8 21.6 31.8 18.6 27.3P-P NEXT 39.9 34.8 41.8 36.9 41.8 36.9PS NEXT 37.1 31.9 39.3 34.3 39.3 34.3ELFEXT 23.2 17.2 25.2 19.2 25.2 19.2

PS ELFEXT 20.2 14.2 22.2 16.2 22.2 16.2ACR 18.3 3.0 20.2 5.1 23.2 9.6

PS ACR 15.4 0.0 17.7 2.5 20.7 7.0RETURN LOSS 12.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 14.1 12.0

Current Industry Definition Category 6/Class E

Link and Channel Performance Specifications*

*Draft figures only and subject to change

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ACR for Category 5 , 5+ , 6 Channel

Cat 6Cat 5 Cat 5+Cat 5+

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency MHz

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80dB

NEXT Loss

Attenuation

Cat 5 ACR 3.1dB min..

Cat 5+ ACR 6 dB min. (prop.)Cat 5+ ACR 6 dB min. (prop.)

Cat 6 ACR 18.3 db min. (prop.)

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Cat 6

Enhanced

Cat 5

Materials and Labor*Installed Cost

127%

100%

92%

* Estimated labor by BICSI

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UTP System Installed Channel Cost Comparison

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Current Industry DefinitionCategory 7/Class F

• Industry Specification: Originally defined by E DIN 44312-5, Class E (Germany’s effort to

establish a next generation Copper performance category) Recently proposed for ISO/IEC 11801-A Category 7/Class F

specifying positive system channel performance to 600 MHz. IEEE has suggested characterization up to 750 MHz.

• Purpose Originally designed to support 622 Mbps ATM on two pairs using

simple NRZ encoding A shielded cabling solution that future proofs premises cabling

systems and assures sheath sharing capabilities for the higher speed applications.

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Shielded Cable Types

FTP = Overall foil shield S-FTP = Overall foil shield plus an additional braid 100CAT3/4/5/6 Shield used to improve EMC performance

STP or STP-A = 150 IBM Cabling System PiMF = 100“Pairs in Metal Foil” cables Individual pairs shielded to improve NEXT performance Overall shield used to improve EMC performance

STP or PiMF

FTP or S-FTP

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Backbone Requirements Effects of Evolving Networking Traffic Flow

• Centralized server farms vs. departmental servers

• Centralized control of data vs. hard drive Databases Images Presentations and documents Intranet, Extranet and Internet

• Evolving network PCs

• Old rule - 80% local, 20% backbone traffic

• New rule - 20% local, 80% backbone traffic

• Shared to switched - now backbone can be the bottleneck

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Cabling Evolving Backbone Cabling Platforms

20001997199419881984

SM

500

160

10,000

1,000

100

10

Mb/sMHz•kmData RateBandwidth

1986

FDDI155ATMFastEthernet

LW

622 ATM

SWLW

1000 Base-F1.2 Gbps ATM

SW

10BASE-F

SW?

??

2.5 Gbps ATM

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Gigabit Ethernet Optical Fibre Physical Layer Interfaces

Media Access Control (MAC)full duplex and/or half duplex

1000BASE-X 8B/10Bencoding/ decoding

1000BASE-LX LWLXcvr

1000BASE-SXSWLXcvr

Gigabit Media Independent Interface

1000BASE-T Copper PHYencoder/decoder

SMF-5km50um-550m

62.5um-550m

50um-550m62.5um-220m

802.3z physical layer802.3z physical layer802.3ab802.3abphysical layerphysical layer

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What Has ChangedSince 62.5 micron was Standardized?

• Data rate requirements exceeds capabilities of LEDs

• Numerical aperture no longer critical LED output power and align improves Connector alignment and polishing improves

• Shortwavelength VSCELs are introduced and are the future for high-speed applications Fibre Channel 622 Mbps ATM 1 Gbps Ethernet/1.2 Gbps ATM

• SM Lasers and connector still not cost-competitive Gigabit VSCEL 1/3rd the price of LW laser Should equate to $1000 plus premium to the customer

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The “Facts”On Next-Generation Optical Fiber Systems

• Combining laser sources with multimode fiber is a relatively new concept in the LAN market.

• The installed base of fiber is optimized for use with LEDs

• Most combinations of laser sources and multimode fiber produce superior performance.

• Some combinations of multimode fiber and laser sources produce poorer than expected performance.

• Examples of poor performance have been verified with 62.5um fiber and single mode lasers.

• No examples of poor performance of 50 um fiber have been found.

• 50um fiber cable typically 10 to 15% less expensive.

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Status of StandardsNow is the time to move forward and make a change

• Gigabit Ethernet:

• TR-41.8 (TIA 568 Cabling Standard): 50 um fiber recommend by FOTG for inclusion in next revision of TIA-568 AMP expects adoption with next revision

• JTC1SC25WG3 (ISO/IEC 11801 Cabling Standard): 50 um fiber included in standard

• 50um fiber specifications exists to insure interoperability

ShortWavelenght

LongWavelenght

62.5 µm 220 550

50 µm 550 550Single-mode ---- 5,000

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50 µm CableSupport for Existing Standards

• Maximum power penalty with LEDs - 4.6dB

• Long Wavelength LED Applications FDDI, Fast Ethernet, and 155 Mbps ATM Power budget supports full 2 km distance

• Short Wavelength LED Applications 10Mbps Ethernet and 4/16 Mbps TR Specifications do not support full 2 km distance However three leading suppliers of transceivers exceed

power specifications Testing indicates support for 2 km distance

Uses the same electronics and connectors

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Optical BackbonesDistributed Network Architecture

TC

Equipment Room

Server

Max 90 mM

ax 5

00 m

(fi

bre

)

TC

TC = Telecommunications Closet

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Intra-building Optical Backbones Sizing for Performance

Backbone Requirements in Mbps

Use

r R

equ

irem

ents

in M

bp

s

Based on 100 Users/closetand 500m cable length

Shared100

FDDI100BaseF155 ATM

Shared 101, 2 or 5 Segments

Switched 10

1000BaseF1.2Gbps ATM

Switched100

2.5 Gbps ATM

0

0.1

0.2

0.5

1.0

10.0

1000.0

0

100.0

10 100 1000 10,000 100,000

Switched1000

Next Gen Apps.

62.5/125

50/125 Parallel 50 Links

Single mode

Bandwidth growth

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Optical Cabling Centralized Network Architecture

Equipment Room

Server

Interconnect or splice

Max 300 m total (fibre)TC?

TC = Telecommunications Closet

Pull Through

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CNA Optical Cabling Sizing for Performance

CNA Data Rate in Mbps

Use

r D

ata

Rat

e in

Mb

ps

10.0

1000.0

100.0

1.0 10 100 1,000

Bandwidth growth

Independent of # of usersBased on 300 meters cable length

Switched 10

Switched10Base F

Switched1000

Switched1000BaseF

50/125

Switched100Base F

Switched100Base F

0.5

0

0.1

0.2

0.5

1.0

0

Shared100

Shared 10Base F

Shared 101, 2 or 5 Segments

62.5/125

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Next-Generation Optical Connectors (Jacks)

ST 568SC

Small-Form Factor

MT-RJLC

VF

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The Next Standard 2-Fiber System

To Hub

On board

Commercially Available Fiber

Cable

Commercially Available Fiber Cable

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MT-RJ Plug / JackMT-RJ Plug / Jack

568SC568SC

• Duplex Plug-Adapter-Plug Interface.

• Specialized cut-outs

• Depth to cable transition = 1.95”

• Surface Mounted interface

Size Does Matter!

• Drop-In replacement for existing

8-position modular connectors

• Depth to cable transition = .926”

• Fits INTO J-Box

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Small Form Factor ConnectorsSolves the Electronics Issue

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Issues to be Considered in Selection Process

• Intermateability Specifications (TIA FOCIS)

• Meet or exceed draft TIA connector performance specifications

• Strength of true supporters Connector manufacturers Transciever manufacturers LAN Electronic manufacturers

• Innovation balanced by realiability

• Ease of termination - labor cost reduction

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Intra-building Backbone -Typically 62.5/125multimode fiber but50/125 fiber isrecommended forgreater bandwidth

Horizontal Cabling -Typically Category 5but quickly changing toEnhanced Category 5as minimum requirement

CONCLUSIONCabling Sub-System Trends

Inter-building Backbone -Typically multimode fiberbut should include somesingle mode fiber for longer distances

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Thank you

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E-Mail Address: hbaker@seas.smu.eduVideotape Problems: vthelp@seas.smu.edu

End of Session #28

EE 8301 ST750-NDr. Baker