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SmartWhistle Poster Draft from Bioengineering’s Capstone Design Course. SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation. Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ( [email protected] ). Results. Purpose. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SmartWhistle Poster Draft from Bioengineering’s Capstone Design Course
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Pitch Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Diameter 16-22 French
Shaft length 6-28 mm
Cost Less than $200/unit
Longevity Greater than 3 months
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
Nice title bar.Add Dept.
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
Insert space between bullet and first word; use a hanging indent so that “patients” is under the G in “Give.”
Use informative headings.
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
Per year? Total?
Spelling error
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
Sexist?
Monotone speech?
Use different bullet style for sub-bullets to visually signal hierarchical relationship
Disposable?
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
3 tested prototypes?
No reference to Fig 3
Bold
Scale?
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
These images don’t show testing.
Sound?
Show??
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
First two bullets report results not conclusions.
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
How? In animals and humans?
Identify?
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
Separate References and Acknowledgements
Purpose
To improve on current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs):
•Give female patients a higher pitch than male patients.
•Allow pitch variation for men and women.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redicrected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
•60,000 laryngectomees in the US.
•60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
•TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
•Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
Background
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
Limitations of Current Devices•Women sound like men!
•Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
•Women and men sound monotonous.
•Sound-producing TEVPs induce dissonance between esophageal vibration and TEVP sound.
SmartWhistle Design
Design Objectives
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Testing Methods
Greater than 3 monthsLongevity
Less than $200/unitCost
6-28 mmShaft length
16-22 FrenchDiameter
Fundamental frequency change of x percent
Pitch
•Fundamental frequency range increased by x%.
•Maximum frequency increased by x%.
•SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current design.
GRAPHS to be inserted.
•Scale down the prototype and modify testing.
•Find a biologically inert construction material that produces a more natural voice than silicone which is used in current devices.
•Test in animals and humans.
Air Inlet
Sound ProductionMembrane
Figure 5.Testing apparatusA) side view; B) front view with SmartWhistle loaded
A
B
•Air flow is produced by blow dryer at high and low speeds.
•Air flows through SmartWhistle, vibrates the sound production membrane, producing noise (Fig. 5).
•Noise is analyzed with Pratt Software.
•SmartWhistle, current model, and negative control are tested.
SmartWhistle
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Michael Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
ReferencesGuttman, M. R. Rehabilitation of the Voice in Laryngectomized Patients. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1933; 15:478-479.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
Length of Air Column
•Air column length changes with stretch of elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
•Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
•Sound is produced at the whistle opening (Fig. 4).
•Upward diversion of air avoids vibration of esophageal wall, eliminating dissonance.
Figure 2. CAD illustration of the SmartWhistle.
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
Figure 3. Prototype of the SmartWhistle made of elastomeric material.
Figure 4. Air flow through the whistle component induces sound production at the whistle opening.
Overall, poster needs more definition of sections.
May want to use terms such as “lack of pitch variation within speech” instead of “monotone.”
Emphasize learning process that TEP users undergo.
Emphasize that device can be tested in humans who can return to other device easily because they are removable.
Revised poster . . .
We aim to improve current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs) to give female users a higher pitch than male users and to allow pitch variation within speech facilitated by a greater range of pitch for both females and males.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redirected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
• 60,000 laryngectomees in the US currently.
• 60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
• TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
• Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
• Female users speak with the same low pitch as male users.
Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
• All users have a monotone pitch.
Pitch Higher fundamental frequency compared to standard
Diameter 16-22 French
Shaft length 6-28 mm
Cost Less than $200/unit
Longevity Greater than 3 months for disposables
• SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current standard design, giving female users a higher-pitched voice.
• SmartWhistle produces a greater range of pitch than the current standard design, allowing more pitch variation within speech for all users.
• Scale down the prototype and modify testing.• Modify whistle design to produce sound in addition to changing air speed.
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Gregory Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
How it works:
• Air flow extends the whistle via elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
• Whistle extension elongates the air column.
• Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
• Upward diversion of air vibrates esophageal wall, producing sound (Fig. 3).
Figure 2. CAD illustration of a 20 Fr. SmartWhistle scaled up 4 to 1.
Figure 4. Prototype of A) current standard design with a flap valve and B) SmartWhistle, both made of elastomeric material.
Figure 3. Air flow through the whistle opening.
Mission Statement
Background
Limitations of Current Devices
Design Objectives
SmartWhistle Prototype
Testing Methods
References
Results
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Conclusion
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
Pitch Elevation
• At every air speed, SmartWhistle (16 Fr.) produces a significantly higher fundamental frequency than the standard (p<0.05*, n=3).
Exiting air vibrates latex membrane,producing sound. 3
1
Air from blow dryer enters artificial throat inlet.
Air flows into artificial throatthrough the prosthesis:
A) Standard B) SmartWhistle (Fig. 4).
2
Sound is recordedand analyzed for
frequency with Praatsoftware.
4
All values are for the actual product, not the prototype.
40 mm
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
24 m
m
Air Column
A B
Air Speed
Pitch Range Expansion
• SmartWhistle’s (20 Fr.) frequency range is 1.5 times greater than the standard’s.
Air Speed
* Student’s t-test, 2 tailed
We aim to improve current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs) to give female users a higher pitch than male users and to allow pitch variation within speech facilitated by a greater range of pitch for both females and males.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redirected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
• 60,000 laryngectomees in the US currently.
• 60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
• TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
• Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
• Female users speak with the same low pitch as male users.
Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
• All users have a monotone pitch.
Pitch Higher fundamental frequency compared to standard
Diameter 16-22 French
Shaft length 6-28 mm
Cost Less than $200/unit
Longevity Greater than 3 months for disposables
• SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current standard design, giving female users a higher-pitched voice.
• SmartWhistle produces a greater range of pitch than the current standard design, allowing more pitch variation within speech for all users.
• Scale down the prototype and modify testing.• Modify whistle design to produce sound in addition to changing air speed.
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Gregory Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
How it works:
• Air flow extends the whistle via elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
• Whistle extension elongates the air column.
• Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
• Upward diversion of air vibrates esophageal wall, producing sound (Fig. 3).
Figure 2. CAD illustration of a 20 Fr. SmartWhistle scaled up 4 to 1.
Figure 4. Prototype of A) current standard design with a flap valve and B) SmartWhistle, both made of elastomeric material.
Figure 3. Air flow through the whistle opening.
Mission Statement
Background
Limitations of Current Devices
Design Objectives
SmartWhistle Prototype
Testing Methods
References
Results
Future Work
Acknowledgements
Conclusion
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
Pitch Elevation
• At every air speed, SmartWhistle (16 Fr.) produces a significantly higher fundamental frequency than the standard (p<0.05*, n=3).
Exiting air vibrates latex membrane,producing sound. 3
1
Air from blow dryer enters artificial throat inlet.
Air flows into artificial throatthrough the prosthesis:
A) Standard B) SmartWhistle (Fig. 4).
2
Sound is recordedand analyzed for
frequency with Praatsoftware.
4
All values are for the actual product, not the prototype.
40 mm
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
24 m
m
Air Column
A B
Air Speed
Pitch Range Expansion
• SmartWhistle’s (20 Fr.) frequency range is 1.5 times greater than the standard’s.
Air Speed
* Student’s t-test, 2 tailed
Mission statement identifies goals in direct response to limitations of existing technology.
Labels added to illustration of prototype are useful.
Heading “How it works” helps frame explanation. Accessible, concise description.
Testing Methods section efficiently communicates approach. Nice use of red text/membrane.
Nice synopsis of key results provides evidence that your team achieved its design goals.
Section headings could be more specific or informative. Consider and alternative color palette. Red text on a black background is not high contrast.
Revised poster . . .
We aim to improve current designs of tracheoesophageal voice prostheses (TEVPs) to give female users a higher pitch than male users and to allow pitch variation within speech facilitated by a greater range of pitch for both females and males.
Figure 1. TEVP at work: pulmonary air is redirected through the voice prosthesis into the esophagus causing esophageal wall to vibrate, producing sound.
• 60,000 laryngectomees in the US currently.
• 60% laryngectomees use TEVPs.
• TEVP occupies the shunt between the esophagus and the trachea (Fig. 1).
• Sound-producing TEVPs have been shown to increase voice pitch.
SmartWhistle: A Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis that Restores Pitch Variation
• Female users speak with the same low pitch as male users.
Esophageal vibration frequency is much lower than normal female voice frequency.
• All users have a monotone pitch.
Pitch Higher fundamental frequency compared to standard
Diameter 16-22 French
Shaft length 6-28 mm
Cost Less than $200/unit
Longevity Greater than 3 months for disposables
• SmartWhistle produces a higher pitch than the current standard design, giving female users a higher-pitched voice.
• SmartWhistle produces a greater range of pitch than the current standard design, allowing more pitch variation within speech for all users.
• Scale down the prototype and modify testing.• Modify whistle design to produce sound in addition to changing air speed.
We would like to thank the following for their help and support:
The Brown Foundation Teaching Grant, Dr. Maria Oden, Dr. Gregory Reece, Dr. Jan Lewin, Dr. Julia Leone, Matthew Wettergreen, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, and the Rice Bioengineering Dept.
Robbina, J. Acoustic Differentiation of Larnygeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech. J. Speech and Hearing Res. 1984; 27: 577-585.
van der Torn, M. et al. Female-pitched Sound-producing Voice Prostheses – Initial Experimental and Clinical Results. Eur..Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258:397-405.
Olga Bachilo, Jean Bao, James Cao & Katy Moncivais, Rice University, Houston, TX ([email protected])
Air Flow
How it works:
• Air flow extends the whistle via elastic attachment (Fig. 2).
• Whistle extension elongates the air column.
• Change in air column length changes sound frequency.
• Upward diversion of air vibrates esophageal wall, producing sound (Fig. 3).
Figure 2. CAD illustration of a 20 Fr. SmartWhistle scaled up 4 to 1.
Figure 4. Prototype of A) current standard design with a flap valve and B) SmartWhistle, both made of elastomeric material.
Figure 3. Air flow through the whistle opening.
Mission Statement
Background
Limitations of Current Devices
Design Objectives
SmartWhistle Prototype
Testing Methods
Results
Future Work
References and Acknowledgments
Conclusion
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
Pitch Elevation
• At every air speed, SmartWhistle (16 Fr.) produces a significantly higher fundamental frequency than the standard (p<0.05*, n=3).
Exiting air vibrates latex membrane,producing sound. 3
1
Air from blow dryer enters artificial throat inlet.
Air flows into artificial throatthrough the prosthesis:
A) Standard B) SmartWhistle (Fig. 4).
2
Sound is recordedand analyzed for
frequency with Praatsoftware.
4
All values are for the actual product, not the prototype.
40 mm
ElasticAttachment
Whistle Opening
24 m
m
Air Column
A B
Air Speed
Pitch Range Expansion
• SmartWhistle’s (20 Fr.) frequency range is 1.5 times greater than the standard’s.
Air Speed
* Student’s t-test, 2 tailed
![Capstone poster draft team 1 [Autosaved]-2-3](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/58e8a5b11a28abda4f8b4835/capstone-poster-draft-team-1-autosaved-2-3.jpg)
