Smart Meter 1

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Home Area Network (HAN)By: Zahra Makoui

May 21 2008

2006 Pacific Gas and Electric Company. All rights reserved.Confidential For discussion purposes only

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL

Prepared at request of Counsel

Attorney Work Product

ConnectivityWeek 2008


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About Pacific Gas and Electric Company

Ener Services to about 15 M Peo le:

5.0 M Electric Customer Accounts

4.1 M Natural Gas Customer Accts

70,000 square miles with diverse

~20,000 Employees

Re ulated b the California Public Utilities

2Confidential For discussion purposes only

Commission (CPUC)



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The PG&E SmartMeter Program

Automated meter reading for all customers

10 Million meter upgrades

A network to collect meter reads remotely

and communicate with the meters

IT systems to manage and store the reads,

and make them available to PG&E business

applications

Frequent meter reads - daily for gas, hourly

or 15 minute interval for electric


Enhanced capabilities over time



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Latest Solid State Meters

4Confidential For discussion purposes only ConnectivityWeek 2008


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Customer Home Area Network (HAN)

`


Utility HAN

AMI Communications

Customer HAN



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Customer HAN and

Utility HAN

`


Utility HAN

AMI Communications

Customer HAN



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An Example: Wireless ZigBee HANPremise

ZigBee Utility HAN ZigBee Customer HAN

DistributedGeneration and

StorageHome Security System

Smart AppliancesEMS

Electric Vehicle

Energy

Information

Display

Load ControlTransceiver

(LCT)PCT

HAN

Gateway

Premise Gas

Meter

Electric MeterMetrology

Home Healthcare

Lighting Control

Energy Information Display

Entertainment System

Other Premise HAN

AMI

AMI Network

OtherCustomer

Gateways

Z-wave

Premise Water

Meter

Internet

SmartHomeTM

(Insteon)


Edge

Access Point

Legend

ZigBee Customer HAN

RF-Mesh Interface

Secured Utility HAN

One-way unauthenticatedbroadcast

Limited Access

One-way non-ZigBee

Communication

Registered CustomerDevices

Utility Owned

Copyright PG&E Illustration



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Can A Single Technology Be The Answer?

Medium Physical (radio) Protocol (stack)

Support for:

Market Adoption Technolo Develo ment

RF

802.15.4

2.4 GHz radio

iP6loWPAN

ZigBee stack

Other (e.g., SP100)

Z-Wave

Concerns about:

Concerns about:

Reach in home

Cost (repeater cost)

900 MHz radios*

ZigBee stack

iP6loWPAN

Insteon RF

Insteon PLC

Reach in home

Concerns about:

Market Adoption

Technology DevelopmentSupport for: Reach in home


PLC

HomePlug

X10

Low works

Concerns about:

Consumer product development

2 way communication with PCTCopyright PG&E IllustrationConnectivityWeek 2008


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Few of Many Possibilities

Single Dwelling Unit Multi Dwelling Unit

In the meter: Zi Bee 2.4GHz

In the meter: ZigBee 2.4GHzO tion 2

In the meter: ZigBee 2.4GHz

Home Plug CC

Other: None

. ,

Home Plug CC

Other: None

Other: None

Option 3

Other: Bridge or collar to

HomePlug in meter bank

In the meter: ZigBee 2.4GHz In the meter: HomePlug


Other: None Other: None



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Pros and Cons of Deployment Options

Advantages Risks/Disadvantages

Option 1: Signal reaches 100% of territory*Cost of 2 chipsets in the meter

Signal reaches 74% of territory*

Uniform meter supply chain

Connects to majority of devices

Deployment complications of bridge installations in

various building types

HP two way communication to the PCT in MDU

Option 2:ZigBee (2.4GHz),HomePlu Brid e

ZigBee (2.4GHz)

and HPCC in the

meter

Connects to majority of devices

customers due to integrating two technologies

(could provide HP to ZigBee bridge or introduce

ZHPCC)

cou prov e o g ee r ge

Complications to back office systems and to



ZHPCC)

for MDUs

Option 3:ZigBee (2.4GHz)

Signal reaches 74% of territory* Connects to majority of devices

Meter supply chain complexityHP two way communication to the PCT in MDU


under glass for

SDUs, HomePlug

underglass for MDUs

*Based on 2004 RASS data and internal assumptions on

reach of wireless communications in SDUs

Complications to back office systems and to



ZHPCC)



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ZHPCC Vision

RF: 802.15.4

ZigBee Stack

ZSE Profile

PLC platform

(e.g., HPCC)

ZigBee Stack

ZSE Profile

ZSE ProfileZSE Profile


PLC platform

(e.g., HPCC)

ZigBee Stack

RF: 802.15.4

ZigBee Stack



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Technical Overview of ZigBee

ZigBee: An Example

13Confidential For discussion purposes only ConnectivityWeek 2008


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The ZigBee Solution

IEEE 802.22

Range

ZigBee

802.15.4

802.15.3

802.15.3a802.15.3cWPAN

WLAN

WMAN

WiFi

802.11

Bluetooth

802.15.1

WiMax

IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.20 pen an ar

Radio + Protocol

Mesh Networking

65,536 network (client) nodes

Full Mesh Networking Support

Data Rate (Mbps)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000


[2.4GHz, 915MHz, 868MHz]

250Kbps data rateNetwork coordinator

Full Function node

Reduced Function node

Communications flow

Virtual links

Source: ZigBee Alliance ConnectivityWeek 2008


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ZigBee Device Function

ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)

Initiates network formation

ZigBee Router (ZR)

Participates in multi-hop routing of messages

ZigBee End Device (ZED)

Does not associate or route

Enables very low-cost solutions


Source: SDG&E Presentation on August 8 by Terry Mohn at EPRI



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ZigBee Communication

1

X

X X

2

Y Y

Zi Bee End Device

ZigBee Router

ZigBee Coordinator

Y

Y

Y


Mesh Link

Tree or Mesh Link

Source: SDG&E Presentation on August 8 by Terry Mohn at EPRI



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Application Profiles

Application ZDO

Medium Access (MAC)

NWK

App Support (APS)

SSP

Clusters

0: fan off1: fan on

Application profiles define what messages are sent over the air for a given application

Devices with the same application profiles interoperate end to end

Physical Radio (PHY)

2: temp set3: time set


,ones as well

Source: ZigBee Alliance



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ZigBee Smart Energy Profile

Features supported by ZSE profile include:

Basic metering [measurements, historical information, etc] eman esponse an oa on ro

Pricing [multiple units and currencies, price tiers, etc]

Text messages

Device support for PCTs, IHDs, load control devices, Energy Mgmt Systems, etc.

Security to allow consumer only, utility only or shared networks

Timeline of ZSE-

Nov 2007 ZSE profile was letter balloted and approved by Alliance members

Jan 2008 completed feature development

Mar 2008 3rd interoperability test event with over 20 companies

May 2008 [planned] certification test event and publication of ZSE profile


Source: ZigBee Alliance



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Documents

Smart Meter 1