Smart dust_2009

Presented By:

Rajeshwar Singh (0612031083)

Shahul Sarraf (0612031095)

ECE Dept. (Final Year)

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Rajeev Mishra

Lect. ECE Dept.

ITM GIDA Gorakhpur

What is Smart Dust?

Smart dust Mote

Internal Structure

Block Diagram

Architecture

Tradeoffs

Corner Cube Retro

Reflector

Free Space Optical

Network

Communication

Technology

Fiber Optic

Communication

Price Trends Estimate

Application

Military & Space

Commercial

Challenges

Future Work

2

A Seminar on "Smart Dust" By: Rajeshwar Singh &

Shahul Sarraf 8/31/2009

A tiny dust size device with extra-ordinary

capabilities.

Often called micro electro-mechanical

sensors (MEMS).

Combines sensing, computing, wireless

communication capabilities and autonomous

power supply within volume of only few

millimeters.

Useful in monitoring real world phenomenon

without disturbing the original process. 3



So small and light in weight that they can

remain suspended in the environment like

an ordinary dust particle.

The air currents can also move them in

the direction of flow.

It is very hard to detect the presence of

the Smart Dust and it is even harder to get

rid of them once deployed.

4



The three key capabilities of smart dust are:

Sensory capabilities

Processing capabilities

Communication capabilities

5



Market Look

Mo

vin

g i

n S

urr

ou

ndin

g

Architecture for

sensing Humidity

6



Motes suspended in building to sense various parameters.

7



This figure shows the

size of a mote which is

approx. 63 mm3.


Shahul Sarraf 8/31/2009 8

INTERNAL STRUCTURE



Low Power

Communication Front End

1-Acoustic

2-RF

3-Optical

Computation Brain

1-MCU

2-FPGA

Sensors

1-Magnetometer

2- Light

3-temperature

4-pressure

5-Humidity

6-Acceleration

POWER

1-Bat

2-Sollar

3-Vibration

4-Acoustic Noise



A single Smart Dust mote has:

A semiconductor laser diode and MEMS

beam steering mirror for active optical

transmission.

A MEMS corner cube retro-reflector for

passive optical transmission.

An optical receiver.

A signal processing and control circuitry

A power source based on thick-film batteries

and solar cells.

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12



SNR – signal to noise ratio, governs the probability for bit error

Pt – average transmitter power

A – receiver area

N0 – receiver inherent noise

B – bit rate

r – the distance between the transmitter and receiver

- beam divergence

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Top View of the Interrogator

CCD Camera Lens

Frequency-Doubled Beam

45o mirror

Polarizing Beamsplitter

Quarter-wavePlateFilter

0.25% reflectance on each surface

YAG Green Laser Expander

15



16



Radio Frequency Transmission

Optical transmission technique

a) Passive Laser based Communication

b) Active Laser based Communication

c) Fiber Optic Communication

17



Employs semiconductor laser, fiber cable and diode receiver to generate, transfer and detect the optical signal.

Similar to passive optical comm..

Relatively small size of the optical transceiver is employed with low-power operation.

CCR employed on each Dust mote to modulate uplink data to base station.

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Does not require unbroken line-of-sight and the link directionality.

Each dust mote does not need to employ more than one CCR.

Comm.. between dust motes and a base station can be guaranteed.

It has a longer range of communication link than that of a free space passive optical communication.

20



Optical fiber cables restrict the mobility of dust mote.

Since a base station should employ several optical components for fiber connection to each dust mote, it may complicate base station design.

21



These are the hazards affecting our environment. By the

use of Motes we can predict these

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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2010 2013 2016 2019

Pri

ce p

er

mo

te (

Rs.

)

Year

23



Internal and external spacecraft monitoring

Meteorological and seismological monitoring in difficult terrain

and environments

Land/space communication

Chemical/biological environment sensing

Meteorological sensing – for better aiming of guns and artillery

Autonomous vehicles external aid

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Surveillance

Sensors minefield e.g. smart clear tracks on borders

Urban engagement.

Motion detection and enemy numbers

Bunker/building mapping

Peace time/treaty monitoring

Intelligence in hostile areas/behind enemy lines

Transportation monitoring and traffic mapping

Missile hunting

Monitoring soldier vitals and injury

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Games and sports

Traffic monitoring

Security

Industrial facilities

Appliances

Agriculture

Building management

Energy management

Temperature control

Lighting control

Fire systems

Health, medicine and

wellness

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It is difficult to fit all these devices in a small Smart

Dust both size wise and Energy wise.

With devices so small, batteries present a massive

addition of weight.

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Design of multi hop network

Autonomous network

configuration

Data Fusion

Network Decision making

Large Scale Distributed

Processing

Sensors Networks could be

as useful as the Internet

Internet allows us faster,

easier access to data and

information from the digital

domain.

Sensor Networks expand our

ability to access data from the

physical world (analog domain).

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The r e a r e many ongo i ng r e sea r ches on

S mar t Dus t , t he ma i n pu r pose o f t he se

r e s ea r ches i s t o make S mar t Dus t mo t e a s

sma l l a s pos s i b l e and t o make i t ava i l ab l e a t

a s l ow p r i ce a s pos s i b l e . Soon we wi l l s ee

S mar t Dus t be i ng u sed i n va r i ed app l i ca t i on

f r om a l l spans o f l i f e .

8/31/2009 29


Shahul Sarraf

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Documents

Smart dust_2009