Upload
shaveta-banda
View
667
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
11
Smart DustSmart Dust
22
Back to future!Back to future!
Colonies of smart ultra small size networkColonies of smart ultra small size network Interaction of advances in technologyInteraction of advances in technology
VLSI more condense silicon processingVLSI more condense silicon processing VLSI more silicon speedVLSI more silicon speed VLSI low power short range communicationVLSI low power short range communication MEMS Micro-Electromechanical SystemsMEMS Micro-Electromechanical Systems Networking : Ad hoc wireless NetworkNetworking : Ad hoc wireless Network Distributed Processing : Operating system, DatabaseDistributed Processing : Operating system, Database
33
Wow!Wow!
44
ApplicationsApplications
It is a special class of sensor networkIt is a special class of sensor network Fine sensing granularityFine sensing granularity Applications :Applications :
Forest fire warningForest fire warning Enemy troop monitoringEnemy troop monitoring Large scale Biology or GeologyLarge scale Biology or Geology Smart office spacesSmart office spaces Defense-related sensor networksDefense-related sensor networks Inventory ControlInventory Control
55
66
77
Circulatory Net
Group of sensors inside the body
88
Key Features of these electronic Key Features of these electronic particlesparticles
PowerPower Survive for extended amount of timeSurvive for extended amount of time
ComputationComputation Process Sensor Data and CommunicateProcess Sensor Data and Communicate
SensorsSensors To Interface to the environmentTo Interface to the environment
CommunicationCommunication To glue the pieces of informationTo glue the pieces of information
99
What is really behind the race?What is really behind the race?Computer Science!Computer Science!
Data FusionData Fusion An efficient semantic to diffuse data in the networkAn efficient semantic to diffuse data in the network Interpretation of multimodal sensingInterpretation of multimodal sensing
Ad hoc NetworkingAd hoc Networking Dynamic Reconfigurable networkDynamic Reconfigurable network ScalabilityScalability
Distributed ProcessingDistributed Processing Network Oriented Operating SystemsNetwork Oriented Operating Systems Data AggregationData Aggregation
1010
Come Back to Reality!Come Back to Reality!COTS DustCOTS Dust
Commercial Off-The-Shelf ComponentsCommercial Off-The-Shelf Components Dust Dust To enable us the research about the algorithms and To enable us the research about the algorithms and
semantics semantics
1111
ArchitectureArchitecture
Computation Brain1-MCU2-FPGA
Low PowerCommunication Front End1-Acoustic2-RF3-Optical
Sensors1-Magnetometer2- Light3-temperature4-pressure5-Hmidity6-Acceleration
Power1-Bat2-Sollar3-Vibration4-Acoustic Noise
1212
ArchitectureArchitecture
1313
PowerPower Power: Power: LithiumLithium Battery Battery
Big ProblemBig Problem Low capacity per unit of mass and volumeLow capacity per unit of mass and volume Needs support by sleep mechanism and low power Needs support by sleep mechanism and low power
techniquestechniques Not really so much innovation after Volta!Not really so much innovation after Volta!
SolarSolar VibrationVibration Acoustic noiseAcoustic noise Thermal conversionThermal conversion Nuclear ReactionNuclear Reaction Fuel CellsFuel Cells
1414
ComputationComputation Computation: ATMEL91M404000Computation: ATMEL91M404000 Micro ControllerMicro Controller
Core and variety of different functions Core and variety of different functions Flash , SRAM , E2PROMFlash , SRAM , E2PROM GPIO , ADC , PWM ,ComparatorGPIO , ADC , PWM ,Comparator Embedded serial Buses Embedded serial Buses Ex: Microcontrollers Atmel , Microchip, MotorolaEx: Microcontrollers Atmel , Microchip, Motorola
Microprocessors Intel Strong-Arms ,Motorola Microprocessors Intel Strong-Arms ,Motorola FPGAFPGA
Not Traditional Style Of programmingNot Traditional Style Of programming Hardware Descriptive Languages (VHDL, Verilog)Hardware Descriptive Languages (VHDL, Verilog)
Faster , Low Power , ReconfigurableFaster , Low Power , Reconfigurable Ex: Ex: Xilix,AtmelXilix,Atmel
1515
SensorsSensors
MotionMotion Sensing Sensing MagnetometerMagnetometer
Study 3 Element of Earth Magnetic field (Compass)Study 3 Element of Earth Magnetic field (Compass) AccelerometerAccelerometer
To measure Local vertical (tilt switch) or measure motion vectorsTo measure Local vertical (tilt switch) or measure motion vectors
EnvironmentalEnvironmental Sensing(Weather Monitoring) Sensing(Weather Monitoring) PressurePressure
BarometerBarometer TemperatureTemperature LightLight HumidityHumidity
1616
CommunicationCommunication
AcousticAcoustic RF radioRF radio OpticalOptical
PassivePassive ActiveActive
1717
Acoustic CommunicationAcoustic Communication
Power HungryPower Hungry High Background NoiseHigh Background Noise Large Size (proportional to harmonics of sound)Large Size (proportional to harmonics of sound) Fast Attenuation CurveFast Attenuation Curve Low communication baud rateLow communication baud rate Low power receiverLow power receiver
Good for event driven wake up systemsGood for event driven wake up systems
1818
RF CommunicationRF Communication
New low power techniquesNew low power techniques Not robust (No fancy Spread Spectrum)Not robust (No fancy Spread Spectrum)
ISM BandISM Band For practical frequencies large ANT Size(~For practical frequencies large ANT Size(~λ)λ)
It may have a tail!!It may have a tail!! Only one RF front endOnly one RF front end
MCU acts as base band controllerMCU acts as base band controller CRC,Encoding(Manchester),DC Balance,HeaderCRC,Encoding(Manchester),DC Balance,Header
1919
RF CommunicationRF Communication
Train Sequence Flag Byte Number OF Byte DATA CRC
•No Addressing
2020
Optical CommunicationOptical Communication
ActiveActive High power High power laserlaser source source Transmission of modulated laser beamTransmission of modulated laser beam
PassivePassive MEMS MEMS Corner Cube ReflectorCorner Cube Reflector Emit modulated ambient lightEmit modulated ambient light Extremely low powerExtremely low power
2121
2222
Optical Vs. RFOptical Vs. RF
Both mature technologyBoth mature technology Both Both ElectromagneticElectromagnetic waves waves light is quiet short wavelength compared to RFlight is quiet short wavelength compared to RF
Potential of smaller sizesPotential of smaller sizes light techniques are extremely light techniques are extremely directionaldirectional
Peer-PeerPeer-Peer RF techniques can be more omni directionalRF techniques can be more omni directional Directionality Brings the problem of Directionality Brings the problem of alignmentalignment
2323
Future WorkFuture Work
Design of multi hop networkDesign of multi hop network Autonomous network configurationAutonomous network configuration Data FusionData Fusion Network Decision makingNetwork Decision making Large Scale Distributed ProcessingLarge Scale Distributed Processing
2424
LinksLinks http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/co/5269/1.htmlhttp://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/co/5269/1.html http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,27573,00.htmlhttp://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,27573,00.html http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,44101,00.htmlhttp://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,44101,00.html http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/~warneke/SmartDust/http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/~warneke/SmartDust/ http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~glaser/Current%20Civil%20Applications.ppthttp://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~glaser/Current%20Civil%20Applications.ppt http://madmax.me.berkeley.edu/%7Eshadr/overview.htmlhttp://madmax.me.berkeley.edu/%7Eshadr/overview.html
2525
That is all folks!That is all folks!