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Smart Distribution Automation and Management System. 11 th Nov 2010. Index. Introduction Distribution Automation Necessity Technology Challenges Better Power Quality Drivers Power quality products Efficient Power Utilization Different efficient power utilization - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1 1
Smart Distribution
Automation and Management
System11th Nov 2010
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Index
• Introduction• Distribution Automation
– Necessity– Technology
– Challenges • Better Power Quality
– Drivers– Power quality products
• Efficient Power Utilization– Different efficient power utilization– Efficient utilization solution
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
1. Reliability- Continuity of power supply - Fault detection, isolation, service restoration after fault
2. Quality- Voltage, power factor, Harmonics, Frequency variations
3. Efficiency- Technical losses, commercial loss
4. Unplanned Growth of Electric Power Network- In Distribution; cause of difficulty in Management of the network
5. Complexity- Of network, Of technology
6. Cost- Implementation cost, maintenance cost
7. Time- To meet the requirement of customer within shortest time
Issues in Distribution System
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - Necessity To measure, protection control and monitor the components
which are remotely located outside the substation To integrate all substations within a circle and all such
components which are remotely located outside the substation for performance analysis
To make the fault detection and automatic isolation To integrate automatic meter reading to avoid manipulation
and loss of revenue by integrating DA with Automatic Billing and Collection Centre
To maintain load shedding schedule automatically To monitor network topology and network components
(assets) using GIS (Geographical Information System). To increase overall efficiency, reliability. To make operation and maintenance easy To save the time gap between a trouble call by a customer and
actual service by integrating DA and Trouble Call Management
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - Technology Components of Distribution Network:-
1) Transformers
2) Ring Main Units
3) Substations
Basic Components of Automation:-1. Master Distribution Automation Software
2. Engineering analysis software
3. Data Acquisition and Control Hardware like RTU, Relays, Digital Multifunction Meters, Remote Tap Changer
4. Communication Hardware
Basic Features:-1. Monitoring
2. Control
3. Protection
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - Technology Necessary Functions:-
System Level• Monitoring• Control
• Substation Automation• Feeder Automation
Customer Level• Remote Meter Reading and Billing• Load management• Customer Automation
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - Technology Monitoring and Control Functions:-
Data Monitoring Data logging Analog Data freeze Remote Meter Reading and Billing Automatic Bus/ Feeder Sectionalizing
Fault location, Isolation and Service Restoration Feeder Reconfiguration and Substation Transformer Load
Balancing Substation Transformer overload
Integrated Volt/ VAR Control Capacitor Control Voltage Control
Emergency Load Shedding Load Control
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - TechnologyGlobal Architecture of Distribution Automation and Management System
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - Technology
Types of Communication between various component of
Distribution Network:-– GPRS– PLCC– Leased Line communication on Local wired
telephone network– PSTN Dial up connectivity– Fiber Optic Network– Satellite Communication (V-sat)
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - TechnologySCADA-DMS System Architecture at Master Control Centre
Dual Monitor Workstations
GPS Receiver
GPS Master Clock
Redundant ISR Processors With External RAID Storage WEB Server
Redundant CFE
Router IDS
Router
Redundant SCADA Server
LinePrinter
Dot Matri
x
Laser Printer
Print Server
Color Inkjet Printer
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - Technology
CFE CFE
LAN AT MCC
SWITCH
E1 E1 E1 E1
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
E1 E1 E1 E1
LEASED LINE CONNECTIVITY BY 2 LINES OF 2MBPS
DATA HIGHWAY
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
HDSL MODEM HDSL MODEM
SWITCH SWITCH
HDSL MODEMHDSL MODEM
64 KBPS LEASED LINE64 KBPS LEASED LINE
RTU REDUNDANT COMM RTU REDUNDANT COMMSS #1
ROUTER
SS #N
SCADA-DMS System Architecture at Master Control Centre
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - TechnologyBilling Management System
SCADA/DMSCONTROL CENTER
Remote
HT Meter
ISR SERVER
LAN
SWITCH
HDSL
HDSL
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
SWITCH
HDSL
HDSL
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
TELEPHONEEXCHANGE
ROUTER
BCC#1BCC#N
DATA HIGH WAY
64KPBS LEASED LINE64KPBS LEASED LINE
2 MBPS LEASED LINEMBCMBC
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Distribution Automation - TechnologyTrouble Call Management System
Workstations 10 N0.
WEB SERVER
Router
LinePrinter
Dot Matrix
Color Inkjet Printer
EPABX
APPLICATION SERVER IVR SERVER
WORKS STATION PCADMINISTATION
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Challenges in Distribution
• Covering Large Area• Geographical and atmospheric Problems• Interoperability Issues• Huge Data Handling• Data storage and related care• Care of future expansion
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Power Quality (PQ) Drivers1. Penalties by utilities drive harmonic filter sales
2. Transition to PC-based controls in manufacturing plants
3. IEEE standards foster the use of harmonic filters
4. Rising energy costs promote harmonic filter market
5. Reduced equipment life drives harmonic filter market
6. Losses in production due to tripping and shutdowns incite sales
7. Shift from electric to electronic loads spurs market growth
8. Environmental considerations instigate harmonic filter market
9. Increase in Nonlinear Loads ignites harmonic filter demand
Ref:- WORLD HARMONIC FILTER MARKETS , Frost & Sullivan, 2009
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Nonlinear, Harmonic Causing Loads1. Electronic equipment such as PC2. Battery chargers3. Lighting dimmer controls4. Fluorescent lights5. Welders6. Electronic ballasts7. Printers8. Photocopiers9. Fax machines10. VFD
All Above PQ damagers are mandatory for today's developed World.
Hence PQ products is getting popular
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
PQ Products
1. Mechanical Switched Capacitor Current based p.f based
2. Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC)3. STATCOM
LV (415V, extendable up to 690V), ratings 110kVAR, 200kVAR, 500kVAR
LV (415V) 1-ph STATCOM, 100kVAR & module paralleling for high power rating
4. MV (11kV and above) STATCOM5. Voltage dip compensator6. Thyristor “Q” Compensator
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
STATCOM• Input source current
is sensed by DSP
• DSP calculates harmonic
components of the input
current and reactive input
power.
• Counter harmonics and
reactive power control is
generated by the DSP
driven Power Electronics
and fed to power circuit• Thus the harmonics
and reactive power is compensated by active filter
F und am enta l on ly
S upply
A ctiveF ilte r
i compensation
i d istortion
Load
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
CGL STATCOM
• 32 bit TI DSP controlling high speed IGBT
• Algorithm on synchronous rotating reference frame
i.e in DQ co-ordinates leading better harmonic attenuation
ratio and better PF correction• Closed loop active filter with source current sensing• High attenuation of individual harmonics• Programmable selective harmonic elimination• PF compensation, leading as well as lagging• Selection between PF and harmonic compensation• IGBT based inverter design• Many units can be used in parallel i.e modular• Self current limit present, when overloaded.• Graphics LCD display for local monitoring and setting.
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
Efficient Power Utilization1. Efficient Motors
• High efficiency motors, ECM (BLDC, SRM..)
2. Efficient Pump
• ECM (BLDC, SRM) driven high speed pump, Intelligent/smart pu
3. Efficient Appliances
• Intelligent/smart appliance, ECM (BLDC, SRM) driven fan
4. Efficient Lighting
• CFL, HID, IL, LED
5. Lighting Automation
• Building Management System, Office Management Systems
• Street light automation
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
The System—Street Light Automation
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
System Features
• Easy to install with wireless (GPRS) connectivity to data server• 32 bit microcontroller based embedded system for control panel• Remote control (ON-OFF)• Remote Monitoring (V, I, [P, KWh] etc..)• Astronomical Timer based ON-OFF• Ambient Light intensity based On-Off using IR sensing.• Load voltage regulation • Availability of load control and dimming schemes to save electricity.• Time synchronization with the server.• Web based SCADA• Instant fault reporting via SMS along with the probable fault details.• Event and fault Logging• Customizable MIS report generation• GIS (Geographical Information System) for location & status information
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
System Firmware
1. FreeRTOS: based design2. Self Diagnostic Features during boot
time3. GPRS Communication4. Protocol Support: MODBUS, BACnet5. IEC 60730 Standard based boot code6. Astronomical Clock for precise Sun
rise and Set time calculation7. Instant SMS alerts in case of faults8. Watchdog ensures failsafe operation9. Ergonomic principles considered for
local HMI design for best user friendliness
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
System SCADA1. Running on Robust RedHat Linux
Operating System
2. Few thousand concurrent communication threads
3. Open source database connectivity with MySQL
4. Maintains user and panel transaction database
5. Provides configuration and control
6. Provide time synchronization
7. Monitors user license period for communication support
8. Governs user attributes to reflect hierarchy
Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1
System Web Server
1. Open Source “JBOSS” web server
2. Java Server Pages and Java script for client side validation
3. Supported Browsers: Mozilla and IE5 and above
4. GIS Interface to locate Installation Site