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Smart citiesBackground literature
The concept
Is similar or overlaps with the following discourses in urban development(1): Wired Digital Intelligent Creative Telecommunicatio
n based Informational Knowledge based
E-governance Entrepreneurial
The concept cont.
It is also seen related to(2):
New urbanism Sustainable development Green development Livable communities Traditional neighborhood
development
The concept cont.
And seen in a more negative light as(3):
Capitalist development policy Part of economic development
discourse
“new smart growth coalitions, with power of contemporary economic development discourses, are reshaping urban natures to suit new consumption tastes through place marketing.”(Krueger, 2007)
Why smart city labeling(1)?
Actual infrastructure change Effective IT policies
Or
Marketing purposes
Meanings of intelligent city
Use of a wide range of electronic and digital applications
Use of information and communication technologies
linking ICTs and people to enhance innovation, learning, knowledge and problem solving
Smart growth
The concept addresses various social, ecological, spatial, and economic problems by
Use of innovative ICTs Architectural design and planning Creative cultural industries Social and environmental
sustainability Citizen participation
Is it really smart?
Some underlying assumptions:
IT transforms life and work within a region
Private sector will also prioritize goals of social inclusion and environmental and social sustainability
What makes a city smart?
The USA approach: Utilization of networked
infrastructure Emphasis on business led urban
development-domination of neo-liberal urban spaces
“ Only private capital can supply the large amounts of money needed to meet the growing demand for smart growth developments” (Smart Growth Network, 2007)
Cont.
European/Canadian interpretation of the concept adds other aspects: E-citizenship is committed to
ensuring that everyone can have access to ICTs and participate in the knowledge society
Helping entire community to go online in order to create specific services to address local objectives and advance collective skills
Cont.
Emphasize on art, digital media and culturally creative industries
Change towards environmental and social sustainability
Overall, smart can mean different things to different people.
Critics of the concept
It is technologically determined It is used as a smokescreen for
ushering in the business dominated informational city
It increases polarization and gentrification in the cities
Serves multinational corporations rather than local businesses
What to do now?
Smart growth needs to be explored at a conceptual level rather than on a tool by tool basis
Ongoing projects
Singapore:IT2015 initiative, following Intelligent Island Plan
Malaysia: Multimedia Super Corridor
South Korea: media city Blacksburg, Virginia: electronic
village San Diego:“City of the Future”
Ongoing projects cont.
Stockholm, Seattle, and Sacramento: large-scale public-access networks
Canada: ‘Smart Communities’ initiative
UK, Southampton: Multi application smart card
Brisbane, Australia: Sustainable brand of smart urbanism
“The 1997 World Forum on Smart Cities suggested that around 50,000 cities and towns around the world would develop smart initiatives over the next decade.” (Hollands, 2008)
Ongoing studies
http://cities.media.mit.edu/
Reinventing the Automobile: Personal Urban Mobility for the 21st Century
New Object Studio GreenWheel Electric Bicycle Mobility-on-Demand CityCar Wheel Robots Scooter with ITRI and Sanyang Motors Liberated Pixels Contested Mobilities Space Explorers
Ongoing studies cont. Space Explorers Instrumented Landscapes Material Ecology Protopia Flexible Forms Athlete Concept Vehicle Zero Car Transology Digital Mile, Zaragoza, Spain e*Lens RATP Paris, France Cannes Reloaded PAC Miami Reactive Playgrounds