Smart Buildings and their benefits

1

1. Introduction

2

Drawbacks of current buildings General approaches as solutions

Too hot or too cold environment Schedule heating and hot water to go on and off when needed

Inappropriate amount of light Customize the light system settings

Irrelevant people might enter the building The electric badges and the smart cameras

Vulnerability in case of natural disasters like earthquakes Automatically changing the way weight is carried by internal structure

Vulnerability in case of chemical attacks Instantly seal air ducts off and contact authorities

Smart BuildingsSolution

Sense when the user is uncomfortable and adjust

to his preferences

2. Smart Buildings• Definition:Use sensors, actuators and computers, to collect data and manage it according to a business’ functions and services

• Components of smart buildings:1) Building Automation System(BAS)2) Sensors3) Actuators4) Controllers5) Communication Protocols

• What is Building Automation System (BAS)?Any control system that automaticallycontrols building operations such as: Heating, Ventilation, Air conditioning (HVAC) Lighting Security

3Example of BAS

2.1. Sensors(Inputs)

• Detect changes in the environment and records, indicates, or responses accordingly

• Examples:PIR sensors: Used to build an automatic door system IR sensors: Used to build a fan speed control system that

uses a TV remote

Temperature sensors: Detects the temperature, used to assign the temperature to the user’s preferences

Occupancy sensors: Used to detect the occupancy of a room

4

2.2. Actuators(Outputs)

• A type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system

Different types of actuators:

Comb driveDigital micro mirror deviceElectric motorElectroactive polymerHydraulic cylinderPiezoelectric actuatorThermal bimorph

E.G.: The HVAC system:1)The opening and closing a valve of a motor to throw a certain amount of liquid2)The thermostats send signals to the dampers (actuators), to open and close to set the required temperature

Pneumatic actuatorScrew jackServomechanismSolenoidStepper motorShape-memory alloy

5

2.3. ControllersA device in the form of a microprocessor or computer, which monitors and physically alters the operating conditions of given dynamical systems

• Goes through theses steps:

Processes the input data from sensors

Applies to the logic of control

Causes an output to be generated

Compares the output and the expected value and measures the error

The actuator reacts accordingly

The process will be repeated so that we have less error

Example: Temperature Control System

6

Different types of Controllers:PLCsSystem/network controllers Terminal unit controller

2.4. Network

• All the devices communicate with each other through protocols

7

Protocols Modbus LonWorks BACnet

Benefits Easy to implement

Interoperability with other devices

Interoperability with other devices

Memory needed 2KB 16 KB 30-100 KB

Data object Properties

Sends data Sends data and parameters such as point name, resolution, units

Sends data and parameters such as point name, resolution, units

baud rate 9600 bps19200 bps

78125 bps 57600 bps115200 bps

5AM :Manager arrives for a global call

10AM: Meeting in the conference

room

1PM : Sun pours in through south-facing windows

6PM: Most of the building is empty

Overnight: When nobody is in the

building

8

• Sensors detect car and exterior lights go on

• Security system grants access

• Lights on• HVAC system adjusts airflow

+ temperature

• Lights on when people arrive• Temperature adjusts ,depending on the

number of people

• Daylight harvesting dims lighting

• Following a schedule lights off, except where occupancy is detected

• HVAC, lights, and security all set back

3. Expected benefits of smart buildings

• Reduction in energy consumption and operating costsWe can save:Up to 75% of lighting energy consumptionUp to 70% of electricity usage

• Improved occupant comfort

• Efficient operation of building systems

• Improved life cycle of utilitiesless power consumption results in longer lifetime for the devicesreduce annual operating costs 12%

• Avoiding damages

• Increased productivityRich data, customizable spaces, and 24/7 monitoring, results in productivity boost of 18%

9

3.1. Current smart buildings are not good enough• What can’t they do?

• Not adaptable enough• Don’t know users’ desires• Can’t operate with sufficient resolution• Don’t go higher than a building level• Remote Control is not good enough

•How do we solve these problems: IoT!!!•Sensors implemented on every “thing”•All devices can communicate and respond•More information to users, 5000 exabytes on cloud

10

4. Internet of Things• Definition:The inter-networking of things embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity to collect and exchange data

• What are things?

11

RFID:Wireless sensor nodesBarcodeZigbeeSmartphones

To make smaller things to have the capability to connect and interact

A wide range of sensing capability is needed to detect:LocationVibrationMotionPressureTemperature

…

To enhance the power of network by developing processing capabilities at different parts of the network

Uniquely identifiable

objects

Communication Data collectionProcessing Capability

12

4.1. How IoT works

4.2. Usage of IoT

• Connect with things:new way of interacting and learning

• Monitor things:observe things from far away

• Search for things:keys, people, deliveries,…

• Manage things:better energy efficiency, better productivity

• Control things:choosing your preferences

• Play with things

• Where the world will be in 20 years?Each individual will be in contact with up to 5000 smart things in our everyday lives

13

4.3. IoT and Smart(er) BuildingsWhy do we need IoT?• Need to know the location of the person• Need to know if the user is engaged in their job• Need to know how responding they are

From anywhere in the world we want to know:• Is this chair occupied?• If yes, who is sitting on it?How? A unique address Sensors to sense the environment:• Pressure Sensor• RFID tag reader Ability to communicate A mechanism of control

14

4.4. IoT •Things are connected to internet that were not connected before, no specific design is there, operation behind airgap •We don’t update computers, do we think people will update hundreds of devices in buildings?•Examples of giving things connectivity that went bad:

Scientists demonstrate deadly WIFI Pacemaker Hack

Insulin pump hack delivers fatal dosage over the air

FBI: Smart Meter Hacks Likely to Spread

2016 Dyn cyberattack through Mirai malware

Iran nuclear experts race to stop spread of Stuxnetcomputer worm

Researchers show How a Car’s Electronics Can Be Taken Over Remotely

Samsung dishwasher was hacked

4.5. Solution for security How to evaluate the IoT impacts on security in a smart building?1) Making a physical model of the building2) Simulate different systems of the building (e.g. HVAC system)3) Temperature dynamics should also be implemented in the model4) The ability to allow the sensors, the actuators, and the controllers to communicate with each other5) Emulating the HVAC system

Definition: A platform for conducting rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific theories, computational tools, and new technologiesObjective:• Allows us to understand what’s going to happen before implementing on the real case• Allows us to evaluate defenses• Find new techniques to make the building resilient to attacks

16

Testbed

Testbed Diagram

17

5. Testbed Proposal

18

Multilin Managed Switch

D 400 GatewaySubstation Clock

Substation ControllerSubstation Controller Multilin Feeder Protection System

Modern Switchgear NC CTs/PTs

HMI

Infrastructure objective:(Based up on the SAIC building)• Emulating the HVAC

functionality of an office building

• Consist of the simulation of the building temperature dynamics

• Incorporate actual sensors and actuators into the simulation framework

• Compatible with BACnet, LonWorks, and Modbus

• Able to use this testbed for any other building as well

Input Modules

Conclusion

• Owners demand remote access to building systems

• Manufacturers will have to make their systems accessible through Web browsers

• Every major global government, and every major economic bloc is investing heavily in the Internet of Things

• The combination of IoT and Smart Buildings will be so efficient and everyone will know it is a must to each and every company and houses

• Build a testbed to make sure the security for IoT is guaranteed

19

Questions?

• Thank you!

20