Small  Wind  Turbines  –  Applica4ons  &  Poten4al  for  India    

Jami  Hossain  Treasurer,  World  Wind  Energy  Associa4on  

Chief  Mentor  and  Founder,  WinDForce  Management  Services  Private  Limited    

 Small  Wind,  Husum    March  2013    

Egyp4ans  used  wind  in  Sail  Boats  at  around  4000  

BC  

WinDForce Background

•  WinDForce is a subsidiary of Emergent

Ventures India Pvt. Ltd. (EVI)

•  Started in March 2008 to provide advisory and

development services to wind power producers

•  Led by Jami Hossain, a well known

internationally recognized industry expert

•  WinDForce is managed by professionals

having more than 150+ man years of

experience in wind energy development.

•  The team has very strong credentials in the

wind energy business across advisory, sales,

project management and technology &

resource assessment.

About  Emergent  Ventures    

“Emergent  Ventures  (EVI)   is  a  trusted  global  consultancy  firm  providing  customized  and  comprehensive  Sustainability,  Renewable  Energy  and  Carbon  soluBons.  

Our   integrated   offerings   create   strong   proposiBon   for   investors,   corporates,   policy  makers   and  masses.  We   have   a   team   of   over   100   consultants  with   strong  

domain  experBse  and  years  of  experience.  Our  global  presence  enables  us  to  collate  local  and  internaBonal  best  pracBces”.  

We  provide  wind  project  advisory  though  our  subsidiary  WinDForce  Management  Services  Pvt.  Ltd.    

 

IDFC  Private  Equity  is  an  investor  in  EVI.  IDFC  PE  is  India’s  largest  PE  firm  focused  on  infrastructure  managing  a  corpus  of  over  $1.3B  

Quick  Facts  

•  IDFC  Funded-­‐  IDFC  Private  Equity  is  an  investor  in  EVI.  IDFC  PE  is  India’s  largest  PE  firm  focused  on  infrastructure  managing  a  corpus  of  over  $1.3B  

•  Experienced  professionals    -­‐  We  have  Entrepreneurs,  Technologists,  Economists,  Researchers    working  for  us  

•  End  to  end  services  -­‐    Services  from  conceptualiza4on  to  implementa4on  

•  Long  term  rela?onship  -­‐  Repeated  clients  over  the  years;  customized  services  to  the  new  ones  

•  EVI  Mission-­‐  we  have  been  working  con4nually  working  on  finding  ways  to  combine  finance  with  low  carbon  technology  to  bring  about  solu4ons  that  

mi4gate  climate  change  

•  Diverse  Industry  Exposure  -­‐  We  con4nue  to  work  aggressively  with  industry,  the  financial  sector,  with  government  bodies  and  mul4lateral  agencies  to  help  

pursue  our  mission.  

“WinDForce  Management   Services  Private   Limited   (WinDForce)   is  a  Wind  Energy  Development-­‐cum-­‐Technical   services   company   that  offers   End-­‐to-­‐End   turnkey  

Windfarm  Project  Management  Services.  The  company,  a  subsidiary  of  Emergent  Ventures   India  was  co-­‐founded  by  Jami  Hossain   in  partnership  with  Emergent  

Ventures   India.   Jami  Hossain   is   a   reputed   internaBonal   expert   on  wind   energy  with   nearly   25   years   of   experience   in   the   Industry.   The   services   offered  by   the  

Company  include  the  enBre  spectrum  of  Windfarm  Project  Development  from  wind  resource  assessment  at  Macro  level  to  MicrosiBng  of  wind  turbines  to  complete  

implementaBon  of  the  project  as  well  as  monitoring  the  OperaBon  and  Maintenance  of  wind  turbines  

 

WinDForce Some of the Clientele •  Our Completed and On Going Projects

q  400+ MW of Owner’s Engineer.

q  4000+ MW of Wind Resource Assessment.

q  2000+ MW of Due Diligence.

q  300 MW Wind Farm Pipeline Development

•  Overseas assignments – Japan, Mauritius, Malaysia, Kenya.

India  Facts  

Popula4on    -­‐  1.21  billion  (17.31%  of  World  Popula4on)  

Popula4on  Density  is  382  people/Sqkm  

Per-­‐capita  electricity  consump4on  ~1000  kWh/yr  

More  than  45%  of  rural  house-­‐holds  are  not  electrified  

8-­‐12%  energy  deficit  and  upto  25%  peaking  power  deficit  

Latent  Demand  

Electricity  Sector  in  India  

Erra4c  Electricity  supply.    

Smaller  Towns  and  ci4es  Majorly  hit  

Electricity  Back-­‐up  support  

Rising  electricity  needs  

Wind  Map  India  (80  m)  

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•  The  map  developed    

 by  WinDforce    

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strategies. The main issue in harnessing the wind energy potentialis that of redesigning the existing electricity grid in order to make itcompatible with distributed generation. Similarly, the conventionalmanner of operating the grid, its economic rationale of despatchingpower etc. needs rethinking and reworking. Work is needed in

identifying viable large scale storage technologies such ascompressed air, hydrogen and pumped hydro that go hand in handwith higher levels of utilisation and integration of wind energy.Further research will be required in this direction.

Perhaps, combined with other renewable energy sources suchas solar, biomass, small-hydro, the overall renewable energypotential is enough to meet the energy needs of the country. Thepossibility of 100% Renewables India exists!.

This work has demonstrated that GIS platform can be effectivelyused in such research and assessment. This being the first attempton this scale and resolution, authors are of the view that theassessment can be further improved upon.

It may be possible to obtain somewhat different figures bycarrying out analysis for still larger wind turbines (>1.5 MW),which also come up on towers higher than 80 m.

One is also hopeful that this will pave the way for appropriaterevision in the official figure of the Potential Assessment (WPAe III)and also for adequate policy and planning thrust at all levels torealise the vast wind resource potential in the country.

Fig. 9. Wind Power Potential map of India by PLF (%)

Table 8Country-wide potential for windfarms.

NET_PLF % Area MW

1 0e5% 1755.52 5266.550072 5e10% 127182.32 381546.94893 10e15% 548218.46 1644655.3944 15e20% 724902.09 2174706.2755 20e25% 484697.72 1454093.1466 25e30% 136073.93 408221.79897 30e35% 28990.13 86970.399898 35e40% 3572.55 10717.656619 40e45% 38643.55 115930.6352

Total Area (4e9) 2094036.27 4250639.912

J. Hossain et al. / Renewable Energy xxx (2011) 1e1110

Please cite this article in press as: Hossain J, et al., A GIS based assessment of potential for windfarms in India, Renewable Energy (2011),doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.017

Author's personal copy

strategies. The main issue in harnessing the wind energy potentialis that of redesigning the existing electricity grid in order to make itcompatible with distributed generation. Similarly, the conventionalmanner of operating the grid, its economic rationale of despatchingpower etc. needs rethinking and reworking. Work is needed in

identifying viable large scale storage technologies such ascompressed air, hydrogen and pumped hydro that go hand in handwith higher levels of utilisation and integration of wind energy.Further research will be required in this direction.

Perhaps, combined with other renewable energy sources suchas solar, biomass, small-hydro, the overall renewable energypotential is enough to meet the energy needs of the country. Thepossibility of 100% Renewables India exists!.

This work has demonstrated that GIS platform can be effectivelyused in such research and assessment. This being the first attempton this scale and resolution, authors are of the view that theassessment can be further improved upon.

It may be possible to obtain somewhat different figures bycarrying out analysis for still larger wind turbines (>1.5 MW),which also come up on towers higher than 80 m.

One is also hopeful that this will pave the way for appropriaterevision in the official figure of the Potential Assessment (WPAe III)and also for adequate policy and planning thrust at all levels torealise the vast wind resource potential in the country.

Fig. 9. Wind Power Potential map of India by PLF (%)

Table 8Country-wide potential for windfarms.

NET_PLF % Area MW

1 0e5% 1755.52 5266.550072 5e10% 127182.32 381546.94893 10e15% 548218.46 1644655.3944 15e20% 724902.09 2174706.2755 20e25% 484697.72 1454093.1466 25e30% 136073.93 408221.79897 30e35% 28990.13 86970.399898 35e40% 3572.55 10717.656619 40e45% 38643.55 115930.6352

Total Area (4e9) 2094036.27 4250639.912

J. Hossain et al. / Renewable Energy xxx (2011) 1e1110

Please cite this article in press as: Hossain J, et al., A GIS based assessment of potential for windfarms in India, Renewable Energy (2011),doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.017

Author's personal copy

Why  Electricity  Demand  will  increase  

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In  the  urban  sector,  there  is  a  major  trend  of  secng  up  new  townships  with  modern  ameni4es  and  commercial  spaces.  Over  the  last  20  years,  en4rely  new  ci4es  have  sprung  up  in  the  sub-­‐urban  areas  like  NOIDA,  Gurgaon,  Navi  Mumbai.  This  trend  is  now  spreading  to  all  state  capitals  and  smaller  towns.  The  new  ci4es  and  townships  have  many  4mes  more  electricity  requirements  on  a  per-­‐capita  basis.  

Small  towns  or  villages  are  emerging  as  new  areas  of  economic  growth.  This  can  be  assessed  from  the  great  focus  that  retail  businesses  have  on  this  segment.  As  this  movement  expands  and  gets  deeper  into  the  rural  landscape,  energy  demand  will  rise  manifold.          

It  is  an  established  fact  that  in  order  to  sustain  a  certain  growth  rate    in  GDP,  the  corresponding  growth  in  power  infrastructure  should  1.5-­‐2  4mes  the  GDP  growth  rate.  If  we  go  by  growth  rate  in  GDP  (average  8%),  the  growth  rate  in  the  electricity  infrastructure  should  be  of  the  order  of  12%.  Going  by  this  assump4on  as  well  as  the  trends  in  capacity  addi4ons  over  the  last  60  years,  by  2032  we  will  need  nearly  2000  GW  of  installed  capacity.  

What  Applica?ons?  

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Public  ligh4ng  

Commercial  building  energy  needs  

Domes4c  ligh4ng  &  energy  •  Rural  •  Urban  

Infrastructure  Facili4es  for  ligh4ng  

Water  pumping  

Water  Desalina4on  

Mini-­‐grid  (Rural  Electrifica4on)  

What  Applica?ons?  

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Stand-­‐alone  systems  for  domes4c  and  public  ligh4ng  (0.1  to  10  kW)  

Stand-­‐alone  systems  for  agricultural  water  pumping  

Hybrid  or  stand  alone  systems  for  industry,  commercial  establishments,  resorts,  planta4ons,  hotels  etc.  

Stand-­‐alone  or  hybrid  systems  for  rural  applica4ons.  

Stand  alone  and  hybrid  systems  for  drinking  water  pumping  

Stand  alone  and  hybrid  systems  for  water  desalina4on  

Stand  alone  and  hybrid  systems  for  telecommunica4on  towers  

Stand  alone  and  hybrid  systems  to  meet  requirements  of  water  treatment  plants.  

What  modes?  

11  

Wind-­‐Grid  System  :    This  will  interface  with  the  grid,  when  it  is  available  through  power  electronics  or  through  the  inverter  –  bamery  system.  It  can  meet  electricity  loads  either  directly  or  through  bamery.  When  the  bamery  charge  is  high  and  load  demand  is  low,  the  system  can  meet  non-­‐essen4al  loads  such  as  water-­‐pumping  or  grinding  etc.    

Wind  Diesel  System:    Wind  Diesel  systems  can  provide  uninterrupted  supply  and    can  be  very  interes4ng    in  large  parts  of  India  for  electricity  requirements  of  small  industry,  commercial  establishments,  ins4tu4ons,  planta4ons,  semlements  and  telecommunica4on  towers  that  run  on  diesel.  Wind  Diesel  systems  can  play  a  significant  role  in  mee4ng  the  firm  electricity  requirements    in  areas  endowed  with  rich  wind  resource.  Op4miza4on  of  wind  turbine  size,  bamery  bank  and  the  load  and  power  management  system  are  key  technological  challenges  in  Wind  Diesel  systems  

Wind  P  V  System:    Wind  PV  hybrid  systems  would  deploy  a  certain  capacity  of  PV  systems  with  the  wind  turbine  to  meet  the  load  demand.  There  is  some  synergy  in  these  systems  because  PV  systems  will  typically  generate  during  the  day  4me    while  the  wind  turbines  pick  up  late  anernoons  and  evenings  and  well  into  the  night.  The  challenge  here  will  be  op4misa4on  of  bamery  capacity.  Such  systems  can  also  be  designed  to  operate  in  grid  –  interac4ve  mode.  

Wind-­‐Biomass  systems:    Wind  systems  working  in  a  hybrid  mode  with  gassifiers  which  will  be  very  much  like  wind  diesel  system.  However,  it  can  be  a  100%  renewable  energy  system.  

Stand-­‐alone  opera?on:  Wind  turbines  can  be  deployed  for  stand  alone  opera4on  for  non  essen4al  loads  such  as  water  pumping  or  just  for  charging  bameries.    

General  Comments  

12  

Stand-­‐alone  and  hybrid  systems  will  be  more  effec4ve  in  rural  areas  or  semi-­‐urban  areas  because  in  the  urban  areas  inverters  that  interface  with  grid  and  charge  bameries  during  hours  of  supply  to  meet  electricity  requirements  in  off-­‐grid  hours  have  worked  very  well  even  with  an  erra4c  grid.    

At  the  same  4me  farther  we  go  from  urban  secngs,  the  greater  is  the  viability.  

Poten?al  Assessment  Rural  Households  

13  

•  Assump4ons  –    

–  Popula4on  Density  220  persons/sqkm  

–  Five  persons  per  family  

•  Typical  requirements  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assessment   carried   out   by  WinDForce   for  wind   poten4al   areas   shows   that   there   could   be   a  

poten4al  of  nearly  880  MW  in  rural  sector  just  for  ligh4ng.  Today  the  total  installed  capacity  is  

2.2  MW  

Three lights of 40 watts 120 watts

Two fans of 40 watts 80 watts

TV 130 watts

Total 350 watts (say)

Therefore total electricity requirement is 44 X 350 = 15.4 kW/sqkm. Considering public lighting etc. say, 20 kW/Sqkm

Agricultural  Pumping  

14  

A  very  large  poten4al  possibly  exists  in  this  sector.    

Water  pumping  does  not  require  firm  power  

Water  can  be  stored  when  wind  is  available  or  used  directly  for  irriga4on  

There  can  be  a  Solar  Back-­‐up  

Agricultural  sector  accounts  for  25%  of  electricity  consump4on  in  India.  The  consump4on  is  believed  to  be  majorly  for  irriga4on.  

In  the  States  with  wind  poten4al,  Agricultural  consump4on  accounts  for  68569  GWh/yr  

Assuming  that  only  25%  of  this  capacity  can  be  met  by  wind,  we  have  a  poten4al  of  the  order  of  10  GW  

Poten4al  assessed  in  other  applica4ons  being  much  smaller  than  10  GW,  one  could  conclude  that  poten4al  for  offgrid  wind  energy  systems  and  small  wind  systems  of  all  kinds  is  of  the  order  of  10  GW        

Total  Poten?al    

15  

Main Categories Potential (GW)

Stand-alone and hybrid system 10

Water Desalination Vast potential – not quantified

16  

“The  true  India  is  to  be  found  not  in  its  few  ci?es,  but  in  its  seven  hundred  thousand  

villages.  If  the  villages  perish,  India  will  perish  too”  

MAHATMA  GANDHI  

Thanks!    Let’s  hope  we  all  get  there!  

jami@windforce-­‐management.com