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8/4/2019 Small Wind Turbines Final
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Small Wind TurbinePurchasing GuideO-grid, Residential, Farm & Small Business Applications
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Itodctio to Small Wid Tbies.3
What.is.small.wind?.3
Where.to.go.or.more.detailed.planning.inormation5
Beoe Yo By: Assessig Site-Specifc Expectatios.6Wind.resource.and.site.topography.6
Property.size,.setbacks,.and.zoning.restrictions.7
Other.considerations:.costs,.interconnection,.neighbours.7
Whe Yo By: Pchase ad Pemittig.9
Sizing.your.Turbine.9
What.other.equipment.will.you.need?.9
Purchasing.tips.10
A.word.about.sound.levels.10
Prepare.required.paperwork.11
Ate Yo By: Istallatio, Opeatio, ad Maiteace.12
Impact.o.micro-siting.on.perormance.expectations.12
Getting.help.with.installation.12
Notications.and.compliance.with.regulations.12Sae.operation.and.maintenance.requirements.13
Pemittig Checklist o Small Wid Cstomes.14
Contact.your.planning.department.or.permitting.agency.14
Review.the.applicable.standards.and.restrictions.14
Communicate.with.your.neighbours.14
Plan.your.purchase.and.installation14
Environmental.review.14
Permitting.ees.and.timetable.14
Glossay15
Woksheet Local Cotact & Deale Iomatio.16
Contents
This Gide was developed by the Pembia Istitte adeFomative Optios, LLC with dig om the CaadiaWid Eegy Associatio.
Cotibtos iclded:
Heather.Rhoads-Weaver,.eFormative.Options.LLCSusan.Savitt.Schwartz,.EditorKristin.Zarowny,.Pembina.InstituteTim.Weis,.Pembina.InstituteSean.Whittaker,.CanWEAMeg.Gluckman,.eFormative.Options.LLCMichael.French,.Southwest.Windpower
Additional.project.advisors.and.reviewers.included:Mike.Bergey,.Bergey.WindpowerDavid.Birch,.Lakeshore.Power.SystemsMatthew.Bulmer,.AerojouleBrad.Davis,.Cleaneld.Energy
Svend.de.Bruyn,.Detronics.LtdJohan.de.Leeuw,.Wind.Energy.SolutionsPeter.Forint,.Wardell.Proessional.DevelopmentTrudy.Forsyth,.National.Renewable.Energy.LaboratoryPaul.Gipe,.Wind-WorksJames.Glennie,.Wind.Energy.Institute.o.CanadaJennier.Jenkins,.Southwest.WindpowerAndy.Kruse,.Southwest.WindpowerJohn.Maissan,.Leading.Edge.ProjectsMiriam.Robbins,.Southwest.WindpowerJennier.Wilder,.Canadian.TireCharley.Ye,.BC.Hydro
The.Canadian.Wind.Energy.Association.(CanWEA).is.a.national,.not-or-prot.association.that.works.on.behal.o.our.members.to.acilitate.and.promote.the.responsible.and.sustainable.growth.o.wind.energy.in.Canada.Wind.energy.is.an.important.part.o.Canadas.energy.uture,.creating.new.investment.and.jobs.in.Canadian.
communities.while.also.contributing.to.a.cleaner.environment.or.uture.generations.Established.in.1984,.CanWEA.undertakes.policy.development.and.advocacy.with.dierent.levels.o.government,.implements.a.broad.range.o.communications.and.outreach.activities.and.provides.educational.and.networking.opportunities.or.all.stakeholders
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Small.wind.turbines..ranging.rom.mini.or.micro.battery-charging.models.under.1.kW.to.300.kW.tower-mounted.turbines..are.becoming.increasingly.accessible.through.major.retail.outlets.Consumers.inter-ested.in.the.environmental.and.economic.advantages.o.using..
wind.power.to.generate.their.own.electricity.want.to.know:.. What beefts ca I expect?..
What.benets.can.I.expect?.How.much.does.a.wind.turbine.cost,.and.what.incentives.are.available.to.help.pay.or.it?.How.much.energy.will.it.produce?.Will.I.still.need.to.purchase.electricity,.have.battery.storage.or.install.a.secondary.hybrid.solar.or.micro.hydro.system?
. Is my site appopiate o a small wid tbie?..Can.I.put.a.turbine.on.my.property?..What.siting.requirements.or.restrictions.will..I.need.to.consider?.
. Which tbie is best o me?..
What.size.turbine.do.I.need?..What.other.equipment.do.I.need.to.purchase?.
. How ca I get my tbie istallatio appoved?..Will.I.need.special.permits.or.other.approvals?..What.about.my.neighbours?
. Who ca help me istall my tbie?..What.is.involved.in.installing.a.wind.energy.system?..Can.I.do.it.mysel,.or.will.I.need.to.hire.someone?
. How ca I keep my system peomig well?..How.much.maintenance.is.required?..Do.I.need.additional.insurance?..How.long.can.I.expect.my.turbine.to.last?
For more detailed inormation about small wind turbines,
see the Canadian Wind Energy Associations small wind
webpage at:www.smallwindenergy.ca.
This.Guide.is.intended.to.answer.these.and.other.questions.It.ollows.a.basic.check-list.approach,.rom.evaluating.your.wind.resource.and.whether.your.site.is.suitable.or.a.small.wind.turbine.to.choosing.the.right.equipment,.obtaining.the.necessary.permits.and.approvals,.selecting.an.installation.contractor,.and.maintaining.and.operating.your.small.wind.turbine.saely.This.Guide.is.organized.in.three.sections:
1. Beoe Yo By:Assessig Site-Specifc Expectatios
. Wind.resource.and.site.topography
. Property.size,.setbacks,.and.zoning.restrictions
. Other.considerations.(costs,.interconnection,.neighbours)
2. Whe Yo By: Pchase ad Pemittig
. Sizing.your.turbine
. What.other.equipment.will.you.need?
. Purchasing.tips
. Preparing.documents.needed.or.permitting
3. Ate Yo By:Istallatio, Opeatio, ad Maiteace.
. Impact.o.micro-siting.on.perormance.expectations
. Getting.help.with.installation
. Notications.and.compliance.with.regulations
. Sae.operation.and.maintenance.considerations
Introduction to Small Wind Turbines
Source:wwwwindatlasca
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What is small wind?
This.guide.covers.turbines.ranging.rom.smaller.than.1000.Watts.(W).up.to.300.kilowatts.(kW).Turbine.size.is.given.in.terms.o.rated.capacity:.the.net.level.o.power.(in.Watts,.or.kilowatts).that.the.turbine.is.capable.o.delivering.under.normal.operation.The.table.below.shows.the.size.
ranges.suited.to.dierent.small.wind.applications
Table 1.Small wind applications
Maket Segmet Size Applicatios
Batterycharging/ 10-300kW institutional
*Turbines
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Where to go or more detailedplanning inormation
Buying.and.installing.a.wind.turbine.is.a.long-term.commitment.This.guide.is.intended.to:.1).inorm.your.purchase.decision.with.site-specic.
perormance.expectations;.and.2).supplement.installation.instructions.with.best.practice.siting,.saety,.and.interconnection.guidelines
CanWEAs.website.provides.a.detailed.step-by-step.planning.guide.which.includes.a.tool.or.estimating.the.ballpark.cost.o.satisying.your.electricity.needs.with.wind.energy;.detailed.inormation.on.sizing.and.siting.your.turbine;.and.listings.o.small.wind.manuacturers.and.Canadian.dealers.and.installers.This.guide.ocuses.on.the.elements.o.the.CanWEA.planning.guide.that.are.marked.with.an.asterisk.(*).below.
CanWEAs Small Wind Planning Guidewww.smallwindenergy.ca/en/SmallWindAndYou/Planning.html
Stage 1: Determining the Ballpark Cost
Given your wind resource and electricity usage, what can
you expect to pay or a wind turbine that will meet your
needs?
Stage 2: Crucial Stu to Consider
Have you reduced your electricity demand frst?
Can you put up a small wind turbine on your property?*
Will your neighbours accept having a
wind turbine near them?*
Is your property suitable or putting up a turbine ree o
obstructions?* I you need to connect your turbine to the grid, are you
allowed and able to do so?*
Stage 3: Planning the Rest
What size turbine will satisy your electrical
requirements?
How do you interace with the utility
(grid-connected only)?*
Are there any fnancial incentives to help
you pay or your turbine?
Where exactly should you put the turbine
on your property?*
What other legal and regulatory issues
will you need to address?*
What is the exact wind resource at the proposed turbine
location on your site? How can you get a better estimate
o a turbines technical and fnancial easibility?
Is there anything else you should consider
beore turbine shopping?*
How and where should you buy a turbine
and how should it be installed?*
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Beore You Buy:Assessing Site-Specifc Expectations
Wid esoce ad site topogaphy
Popety size, setbacks, ad zoig estictios
Othe cosideatios: costs, itecoectio,
eighbos
Wind.energy.oers.both.environmental.and.economic.benets:.it.is.emissions-ree.and.renewable,.and.the.uel.itsel.is.ree,.local,.and.will.never.fuctuate.in.cost.But.wind.systems.are.a.long-term.investment,.and.wind.energy.is.a.very.site-specic.resource.To.gure.out.what.benets.you.can.expect.rom.installing.a.small.wind.turbine,.you.must.rst.evaluate.your.site..assessing.the.wind.resource,.site.topography,.and.relevant.permitting.restrictions..to.determine.how.much.power..you.could.generate.
The.nancial.benets.o.a.small.wind.turbine.not.only.depends.on.how.much.electricity.you.can.produce,.but.also.on.the.relative.value.o.that.
electricity.
. O-gid:.I.you.are.looking.at.a.mini.or.other.o-grid.application,.how.much.power.will.your.application.require?.
. Gid-coected:.I.you.are.looking.at.a.system.connected.to.the.electric.grid,.the.value.o.the.power.you.generate.is.a.unction.o.how.much.you.would.otherwise.expect.to.pay.or.utility-generated.power.(Check.whether.your.utility.allows.net-metering.This.allows.your.meter.to.run.backward.when.you.produce.more.electricity.than.you.use,.eectively.allowing.you.to.store.excess.wind.power.on.the.grid.and.value.it.at.the.retail.rate).
Remember:Saving a kilowatt-hour is almost always cheaperthan producing one! Taking steps to reduce your energy use
frst will save you money and likely reduce the size o the
wind turbine you require.
Bear.in.mind.that.the.initial.cost.can.be.signicant..and.that.installing.and.connecting.your.turbine.can.cost.as.much.as.the.turbine.itsel.(see.table.2,.next.page).You.will.want.to.consider.your.objectives,.options.and.potential.obstacles.beore.investing.
Wind resource and site topography
Location,.location,.location!.The.rule.o.thumb.or.real.estate.is.also.
critical.or.evaluating.whether.wind.energy.makes.sense.or.a.particularsite,.and.what.kind.o.perormance.you.can.expect.rom.a.turbine.installation.Key.site.evaluation.actors.include:
. Wid speed..Most.small.turbines.require.a.minimum.wind.speed.o.15.km/hr.(4.m/s).or.higher.just.to.operate.In.general,annual.average.wind.speeds.o.at.least.18.km/hr.(5.m/s).are.required.or.grid-connected.applications.Note.that.an.average.annual.wind.speed.o.22.km/hr.(6.m/s).is.considered.amoderate.wind.resource,.but.the.average.wind.speed.is.not.always.the.best.indicator.o.a.sites.suitability.due.to.seasonaadvantages.and.application.considerations.Wind.maps.(such.as.wwwwindatlasca).can.give.you.an.approximate.idea.o.
whether.your.area.gets.enough.wind,.but.local.geography.mayinfuence.whether.your.site.is.better.or.worse.than.the.regionaaverage.A.10%.change.in.wind.speed.can.result.in.as.much.aa.30%.change.in.available.power,.so.you.may.want.to.monitorwind.speeds.at.the.height.and.location.o.the.specic.sites.that.seem.most.promising.
Putting a turbine on too short a tower is likeputting a solar panel in the shade.
Mike Bergey
. Miimm lad ad setback eqiemets...Even.small.turbines.need.to.be.mounted.on.a.tower,.to..capture.higher.wind.speeds.and.avoid.turbulence.rom.surrounding.topography,.trees,.and.other.natural.and.man-made.eatures.Check.the.local.zoning.code.or.minimum.property.size.and.setback.requirements.that.may.limit.your.ability.to.install.an.appropriate.tower.or.mounting.your.turbine.The.height.o.the.tower,.as.well.as.the.size.o.the.turbine.and.the.average.wind.speed,.will.determine.how..much.power.you.can.expect.to.produce.
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Property size, setbacks,and zoning restrictions
Wind.energy.installations.must.comply.with.local.building.codes,.applicable.zoning.laws.and.permitting.requirements.Check.with.
your.local.municipal.oces.or.inormation.about.requirements.and.restrictions.that.may.be.relevant.to.your.installation,.including:.minimum.lot.or.property.size,.required.setbacks.rom.property.lines.or.neighbouring.structures,.height.restrictions,.and.noise.ordinances.Find.out.ahead.o.time.what.approvals.you.may.need.(See.the.Permitting.Checklist.included.at.the.end.o.this.Guide).
. Height estictios:.The.taller.the.tower,.the.better.the.power.is.an.old.adage.rom.the.1930s,.and.it.is.no.less.true.today.The.height.o.the.turbine.tower.is.a.key.actor.determining.the.operational.eciency.o.the.turbine.because.wind.speeds.generally.increase.with.height.above.ground.(with.wind.energy.increasing.exponentially.as.a.unction.o.wind.speed),.and.because.there.should.be.sucient.clearance.between.the.lowest.tip.o.the.turbine.blade.and.any.nearby.natural.or.man-made.structure.to.minimize.local.air.turbulence.
. Zoning.restrictions.on.your.site.may.limit.the.allowable.tower.height,.requiring.you.to.seek.a.conditional.use.permit.or.variance.rom.your.city.or.county.planning.department.Local.authorities.have.the.discretion.to.issue.zoning.waivers.or.small.turbines.where.appropriate
. Setback eqiemets:.Generally,.turbines.should.be.set.back.at.least.by.the.height.o.the.tallest.point.on.the.turbine.rom.all.buildings,.electrical.lines,.roads.and.property.lines.(unless.specic.permission.is.granted.rom.your.neighbour).Specic.local.zoning.restrictions.may.include.other.setback.
requirements,.notably.or.noise.requirements..
Other considerations:costs, interconnection, neighbours
HOW MuCH WILL IT COST TO PurCHASEAnD InSTALL A WInD SYSTEM?
System.cost.is.partly.a.unction.o.size,.but.in.addition.to.the.cost.o.the.turbine,.tower.and.oundation,.your.budget.must.take.into.account.permits.and.ees,.installation.costs.(including.mechanical,.electrical,.and.civil.services),.and.maintenance.costs.For.example,.the.average.purchase.cost.o.a.10.kW.residential.turbine.is.$30,000-40,000..but.the.total.installed.cost.is.usually.double.that.amount.(see.table.2,.below)..While.a.turbines.installed.cost.per.rated.kW.is.an.important.consideration,.its.perormance.in.your.wind.regime.is.the.biggest.actor.in.the.resulting.cost.o.electricity.produced.Depending.on.your.terrain.and.soil.conditions,.a.special.oundation.design,.a.taller.than.standard.tower,.and/or.various.installation.installations.may.add.costs.Comparing.turbines.on.an.expected.price.per.kWh.basis.is.a.good.way.to.incorporate.many.o.the.variables.as.well.as.to.determine.i.you.are.being.appropriately.compensated.or.the.renewable.electricity.you.are.delivering.to.the.grid.
Building.a.system.rom.o-the-shel.components.may.appear.to.oer.savings.over.turn-key.systems,.but.there.may.be.a.trade-o.in.terms.o.eciency.losses,.and.it.is.risky.to.install.and.may.be.impossible.to.obtain.permits.and.interconnection.approval.or.equipment.(including.towers).that.has.not.been.certied.
CanWEA.has.a.Ballpark.Cost.Calculator.that.looks.up.the.wind.perormance.and.electricity.rates.or.your.postal.code.and.examines.how.our.typical.turbine.sizes.(400.W,.1.kW,.10.kW,.and.50.kW).might.
be.expected.to.perorm.in.your.area.wwwsmallwindenergyca/en/SmallWindAndYou/Planning/BallparkCosthtml
Table 2:Average Capital & Installed Costs* or Small Wind Turbines
Small Wind Typical Average Purchase Average TotalTurbine Power Cost* o Turbine Only Installed Cost*Applications Rating (per unit power) (per unit power)
Battery Upto $2,800-3,000/kW $5,000-$7,000/kW Charging 1,000W (1kW)
Residential 1kWto $3,000-4,000/kW $6,000-8,000/kW 10kW
Farm Above10kW $2,000-$2,500/kW $3,000-4,000/kW to300kW
*Costsarebasedona2004surveyoCanadianpricingestimatesandreecttheaverageoarangeoinstallationsthatmayvarydependingontechnology,locationandothersitespecifcactors.Notethatpricesbasedonmanuacturersratedpowerdonotnecessarilyprovidecomparableresultingcostsorenergyproductionatagivenwindspeed.Forup-to-datecostestimates,consultareputabledealerorchecktheCanWEAwebsite:www.
smallwindenergy.ca/en/Overview/Costs/CostComparison.html
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Incentives.can.be.ound.at.the.ederal,.provincial,.local,.or.utility.level.Consult.your.local.utility.or.check.the.CanWEA.website.or.up-to-date.inormation.about.available.incentives.
Annual.operation.and.maintenance.costs.typically.range.around.3%.o.the.initial.capital.cost.(including.installation).or.a.well-designed.and.
well-built.turbine.1
COnnECTInG TO THE GrID
Unless.you.are.planning.a.micro.turbine.application.or.an.o-grid.application,.you.will.need.to.review.the.requirements.or.connecting.your.turbine.to.the.local.utility.grid.You.should.also.contact.your.local.utility.to.nd.out.whether.they.oer.a.net.billing.or.net.metering.arrangement
LET YOur nEIGHBOurS KnOW YOur PLAnS
The.courtesy.o.inorming.neighboring.property.owners.about.your.system.installation.can.correct.misperceptions.and.avert.opposition.
to.your.project.A.letter.like.the.one.included.below.will.answer.most.questions.people.have.about.wind.turbines..how.much.sound.they.produce,.the.visual.impact,.saety.considerations,.and.potential.aects.on.wildlie.and.property.values.It.can.let.neighboring.property.owners.know.that.you.have.done.your.homework.and.are.proceeding.responsibly
Dear Neighbour,
You may be interested to learn that we plan to install a
small wind energy system on our property at [address].
This modern system will generate emission-ree renewable
electricity that will reduce use o other orms o energy.
We plan to install a [turbine make and model] that will be
mounted on a __m tower, set back ___ m rom the street
and __ m rom our [north/east/south/west] property line.
This turbine uses a [two/three] bladed rotor ___ m in diameter.
It does not turn until the wind speed reaches at least __ kph.
On calm, quiet days the turbine will not likely be audible.
When the rotor is turning, the sound o the wind passing
through will register about __ decibels (dBA) at a distance
o __ m, which will barely be audible rom neighboring
buildings over other sounds caused by the wind.
[Manuacturer] has installed [number] o [turbine make
and model] in Canada [and overseas]. They have a trackrecord o producing energy quietly, cleanly, and saely. I you
have any questions about the proposed installation, please
eel ree to contact me.
Sincerely,
.1Natural.Resources.Canada
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Sizig yo tbie
What othe eqipmet will yo eed?
Pchasig tips
A wod abot sod levels
Pepae eqied papewok
Sizing your turbineThe.size.o.the.turbine.you.require.depends.on.your.wind.resource.and.how.much.power.you.need.to.generate.Manuacturers.typically.provide.a.power.curve.or.energy.curve.indicating.the.turbines.expected.power.output.or.energy.production.at.various.wind.speeds.Note.that.power.curves.are.not.standardized.and.only.provide.an.approximation.o.how.much.electricity.a.turbine.will.generate.In.general,.the.larger.the.rotor-swept.area.(the.diameter.o.the.circle.dened.by.the.rotating.blades),.the.more.power.a.turbine.will.produce.at.a.given.wind.speed
. Multiply.your.annual.electricity.consumption.in.kilowatt-hours.(kWh).by.the.percentage.you.want.to.satisy.with.small.wind.to.determine.the.annual.kWh.you.need.the.turbine.to.satisy.
. Take.your.sites.average.annual.wind.speed.and.look.at.the.manuacturers.specications.or.each.turbine.to.get.an.idea.o.approximately.how.much.power.the.turbine.would.produce.Compare.the.generating.perormance.o.each.model.with.your.peak.power.needs.and.the.annual.electricity.you.want.the.turbine.to.generate.or.you
. Consider.the.specic.types.o.equipment.you.wish.to.power.and.your.utilitys.interconnection.requirements.What.quality.o.
AC.power.does.the.inverter.produce?.Is.it.capable.o.meeting.your.needs?.
Because.the.wind.is.a.variable.resource,.you.may.need.to.consider.secondary.power.options.O-grid.systems.typically.include.battery.storage,.but.you.may.want.to.consider.other.sources.o.generation,.such.as.a.biodiesel.generator.or.even.a.hybrid.system.combining.wind.with.solar.power.or.micro.hydro.Grid-connected.systems.give.you.the.option.o.drawing.power.rom.the.grid.as.back-up.when.your.wind.turbine.does.not.meet.your.power.needs,.allowing.owners.to.net.meter.the.turbines.production.against.on-site.usage
Figure 3. Representitive Energy Curve or 200 watt Wind Turbine
What other equipment will you need?
Small.wind.turbines.typically.consist.o:.a.2-3.bladed.rotor,.a.generator.
(DC).or.alternator.(AC).that.converts.wind.energy.into.electric.power,.thegearbox.(that.matches.the.rotor.speed.to.the.generator.speed.or.some.turbines.>.10.kW),.the.nacelle.(which.houses.the.generator,.gearbox.andother.components),.the.tail.vane,.and.the.control.and.protection.systemOther.less.common.designs.include.vertical.axis.and.multi-bladed.turbines.The.rotor.and.nacelle.should.be.mounted.on.a.tall.tower,.whichpositions.the.turbine.where.it.can.capture.the.wind.energy.and.avoid.turbulence.Finally,.there.are.balance.o.system.(BOS).components.which.may.include.batteries.and.an.inverter,.along.with.cables,.switches,.circuit.breakers,.meters,.and.other.apparatus.not.necessarily.supplied.by.the.turbine.manuacturer
Let the Buyer Beware...is sound advice when purchasing a small wind turbine.
Remember, i it seems too good to be true, it probably is!
Check the perormance track record or the turbine make
and model beore you buy, and purchase only rom an
authorized dealer.
When You Buy: Purchase and Permitting
60
50
40
30
20
10
0.8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14
.(36). (40). (44). (49). (54). (58). (63)
MonthlyEnergyOutput(kWh)
Average.Annual.Wind.Speed
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Purchasing tips
Comparison.shop.or.a.wind.system.as.you.would.or.any.major.purchase..start.by.obtaining.and.reviewing.the.product.literature.rom.several.manuacturers.Check.ratings.rom.the.North.American.Small.Wind.Certication.Council,.i.available.Here.are.some.questions.to.consider.
when.choosing.a.brand.and.model:
. Peomace tack ecod:.How.long.has.the.manuacturer.been.producing.small.wind.turbines?.How.long.has.the.make.and.model.been.on.the.market,.and.what.is.its.track.record.or.perormance.and.longevity.at.customer.installations?.Is.your.sites.average.wind.speed.well.above.the.cut-in,.or.minimum.required.or.the.turbine.to.start.generating.power?.Can.the.turbines.overspeed.protection.be.demonstrated.to.be.eective?.How.quietly.does.the.turbine.operate?
. Compoets:.Do.you.need.to.buy.the.tower,.electronics,.and.other.components.separately.or.are.they.all.included?.Are.the.wiring.and.smaller.parts.also.supplied?.Do.all.the.components.
have.UL.and.CSA.approval?.Is.there.sucient.lightning.protection?.Does.the.warranty.cover.a.reasonable.period.including.documented.repair.service.on.both.parts.and.labour,.as.well.as.crane.costs.i.needed?
. Sevices:.What.services.are.oered.with.the.turbine.(eg,.installation.assistance,.maintenance.package)?.Does.the.manuacturer.oer.any.technical.support?
. Istallatio ad Maiteace:.Is.the.turbine.suitable.or.do-it-yoursel.installation,.or.will.you.need.a.proessional.to.install.it?.(Seegetting.help.on.page.12).How.easy.will.it.be.to.get.replacement.parts.now.and.in.10-15.years?
. Docmetatio:.Can.you.browse.the.user.manual.beore.
buying?.Does.the.manual.clearly.describe.the.assembly.and.installation.procedures.or.the.unit.and.the.subsequent.operation.and.maintenance.requirements?
What the warranty really covers should beconsidered, but in our experience even a 5-yearwarranty is not a measure o a units quality.Replacing a $5 bearing ater returning the unit tothe actory alls ar short o the ull repair cost.
Svend de Bruyn
For UL certifcation the inverter must be tested tostandards to ensure saety. We recommend thisbecause utility companies have a higher degree oconfdence that their electrical line workers wontbe hurt by wind turbines.
Trudy Forsyth
CanWEAs.website.lists.35.small.wind.turbine.manuacturers.(world-wide).and.150.Canadian.dealers.and.installers.Dealers.have.to.be.authorized.by.the.manuacturer.Once.you.have.narrowed.down.your.choice.o.model,.compare.what.dierent.dealers.have.to.oer.Is.the.model.available.locally?.Is.it.popular.enough.that.you.might.be.able.to.nd.a.better.deal.on.it.rom.a.dierent.dealer?.Does.the.dealer.oer.installation.services.and.have.a.good.reputation?.Be.sure.to.ask.or..and.check..reerences.and.insurance.policies!.Inquire.with.your.localchamber.o.commerce.about.any.complaints.and.make.sure.the.companyyou.select.has.not.been.sued.or.cited.or.raudulent.business.practices
A word about sound levels
In.most.cases,.the.sounds.wind.turbines.make.when.operating.generallyblend.in.with.background.noise.rom.cars,.animals,.airplanes,.and.trees.in.windy.conditions.Within.a.ew.hundred.meters.o.a.machine,.it.may.be.possible.to.distinguish.the.swish.sound.o.its.turning.blades.and.the.whirring.o.the.generator.rom.background.noise.However,.the.actual.noise.level.depends.on.the.turbine.itsel,.the.wind.pattern.(turbulent.wind.increases.noise),.the.site.terrain.(sound.travels.arther..in.certain.terrains),.and.the.distance.to.dwellings.
Complaints.(rom.customers.or.others).about.sound.characteristics.are.rare,.but.are.usually.related.to.turbines.with.fexible.blades.and.side.urling.mechanisms.The.sound.strength.right.at.the.base.o.the.wind.turbine.(sound.power.level).varies.rom.about.75-100.dB(A),.which.at.a.distance.o.30.m.(100.t).rom.the.rotor.hub.corresponds.to.sound.pressure.levels.(perceived.sound).o.40-65.dB(A).For.comparison,..40.dB(A).is.roughly.equivalent.to.the.sound.level.in.an.average.living.room;.the.average.oce.is.about.50.dB(A),.and.a.loud.conversation.is..60.dB(A).In.a.typical.Class.3.wind.regime.with.wind.speeds.averaging.56.m/s.(125.mph),.most.commercially.available.small-scale.wind.turbines.will.produce.sound.pressure.levels.exceeding.65.dB(A).about.6%.o.the.time,.at.wind.speeds.above.11.m/s.(24.mph).
Rule-o-thumb:The mean sound pressure level valueshould not exceed 6 decibels (dBA) above background
sound, as measured at the exterior o the closest
neighbouring inhabited dwelling (or wind speeds >10 m/s).
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Sound.levels.decrease.at.a.rate.equal.to.the.square.o.the.distance..rom.the.source.A.sound.reading.taken.76.m.(25.t).rom.a.turbine..will.all.by.a.actor.o.our.at.15.m.(50.t),.by.a.actor.o.16.at..30.m.(100.t),.and.so.on.I.the.turbine.is.well.sited,.then.noise.is.not.usually.a.problem.Because.some.small.turbines.can.be.noisier.than.others,.it.is.critical.to.do.your.homework.(preerably.by.obtaining.data.
and.case.studies.rom.the.dealer.and/or.manuacturer).on.the.make..and.model.you.plan.to.install,.nd.out.what.distance.you.need.to.set.it.back.rom.nearby.buildings,.and.discuss.noise.issues.with.your.neighbours.beore.purchasing.and.installing.a.turbine.
Prepare required paperwork
Do.your.homework.Find.out.what.documentation.your.municipal.permitting.authority.and.local.utility.require.Will.you.need.to.submit.plans.rom.a.consulting.engineer?.Or.will.documentation.rom.the.turbine.manuacturer.or.dealer.suce?.At.a.minimum,.you.will.need.to.demonstrate.that.your.project.complies.with.the.applicable:
. Bildig code: The.turbine.manuacturer.should.provide.documentation.o.International.Building.Code.compliance
. Electic code:.You.will.need.a.line.drawing.showing.conormance.with.existing.electrical.codes.and.applicable.authority.(eg.Electrical.Saety.Authority.in.Ontario)
I.you.need.to.seek.a.conditional.use.permit.(CUP).or.a.waiver.rom.local.zoning.restrictions.to.accommodate.the.height.o.your.tower,.check.with.your.city.or.county.planning.department.as.to.what.documentation..they.require
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Impact o mico-sitig o peomace expectatios
Gettig help with istallatio
notifcatios ad compliace with eglatios
Sae opeatio ad maiteace cosideatios
Impact o micro-sitingon perormance expectations
Within.a.site,.the.ideal.turbine.position.is.where.wind.is.least.obstructed..oten.the.highest.point.on.the.site.At.a.minimum,.wind.turbines.should.be.elevated.high.enough.to.avoid.air.turbulence.that.places.stress.on.mechanical.components.and.compromises.turbine.perormance.(see.Rule.o.thumb.below).Manuacturers.always.recommend.elevating.the.turbine.well.above.adjacent.obstacles.
Rule o thumb:To optimize peormance, the bottom tips o theturbine blades should pass at least three (3) times above the
top o any physical barriers (trees, buildings, blus) within 90-
150 m o the wind turbine tower.
Tower-mounted.horizontal.axis.wind.turbines.(HAWTs).generally.perorm.much.better.than.vertical.axis.wind.turbines.(VAWTs),.and.account.or.the.vast.majority.o.small.wind.turbine.installations.Bear.in.mind.that.rootop.installations.can.be.dangerous,.and.in.rare.cases.where.easible.require.careul.analysis.by.expert.structural.engineer.as.to.the.impact.on.
the.buildings.structure
The three most common errors in sitinga wind turbine:
1. Too low a tower2. Too short a tower3. Tower o insufcient height
Mick Sagrillo
Figure 4.Obstruction o the Wind
Getting help with your installation
Unless.you.are.installing.a.very.small.turbine.or.are.very..
experienced.and.knowledgeable.about.the.technology,.you.should.seek.proessional.assistance.with.installing.your.turbine.CanWEA.recommends.that.you.obtain.quotes.rom.a.minimum.o.three.installersSee.CanWEAs.website.or.a.list.o.small.wind.dealers.and.installers..(wwwsmallwindenergyca/en/Resources/DealersInstallershtml)
Turbine Size Can I install it mysel?
500W-1kW Canbeinstalledandmaintanedeitherbyaknow- ledgeableownerorbyanexperiencedproessional.
>1kW Willalmostalwaysrequireproessional installationandmaintenance.
*Itisnotagoodideatomountaturbineonarooorattachittoa
buildingwithouttheadviceoacompetentstructuralengineer.
Installers.should.provide.a.warranty.on.installation.and.be.able.to.conrm.their.liability.insurance.Electrical.components.should.be.installed.or.inspected.by.a.contractor.qualied.by.the.provincial.or.territorial.electrical.authority..eg,.the.Electrical.Saety.Authority.in.Ontario.A.proessional.installer.should.be.able.to.help.with.obtaining.the.necessary.permits.and.approvals.Be.sure.to.check.prospective.
installers.experience.and.reerences.(see.Installer.evaluation.worksheeincluded.at.the.end.o.this.guide)
Notifcations and compliancewith regulations
Your.small.wind.turbine.requires.the.notication.o.and/or.approval.rom.Transport.Canada,.local.permitting.agencies,.and.(in.the.case.o.grid-connected.turbines).your.local.utility.A.proessional.installer.may.be.able.to.help.you.obtain.the.necessary.permits,.but.notication.and.compliance.with.relevant.zoning,.building.and.electrical.codes,.air.trac.saety.requirements,.and.utility.interconnection.requirements.are.ultimately.your.responsibility.
APPLY FOr PErMITS
Once.you.have.the.necessary.documentation.ready,.you.can.apply.or.a.building.permit.i.required.Processing.small.wind.turbine.permit.applications.can.take.up.to.six.weeks.or.more.rom.the.time.the.permit.and.all.required.documentation.are.led,.so.nd.out.what.you.will.need.early.on.The.Canadian.Wind.Energy.Association.(CanWEA).has.prepareda.guide.to.siting.small.wind.energy.systems.that.includes.detailed.checklists.and.additional.best.practice.guidelines.or.consumers.and.installers.This.guide.can.be.downloaded.rom.CanWEAs.website:.. wwwsmallwindenergyca/downloads/Small_Wind_Siting_Guidelinespd
Ater You Buy:Installation, Operation, and Maintenance
20 H2 H
Obstruction of the Wind by a Building
or Tree of Height (H)
02979307m
?
2 H
Region
of highlyturbulent
flow
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A.note.about.ees:.CanWEA.recommends.that.small.wind.permit.ees.not.exceed.$50.I.a.particular.ee.seems.excessive.or.inappropriate.or.your.situation,.nd.out.the.basis.or.it.You.may.be.able.to.avoid.it.or.have.it.reduced.
nOTIFY ELECTrIC uTILITY (GrID-COnnECTED SYSTEMS OnLY)
Grid-connected.system.owners.will.need.to.notiy.the.local.electric.utility,.secure.an.interconnection.agreement.with.host.utility,.and.schedule.inspections.beore.interconnecting.the.turbine.with.the.grid.The.utilitys.interconnection.requirements.serve.to.ensure.the.saety.o.personnel.and.equipment.as.well.as.the.quality.o.power.being.ed.into.the.utility.grid
nOTIFY TrAnSPOrT CAnADA
Transport.Canada.requires.that.prospective.owners.accurately.provide.the.location.(latitude.and.longitude).and.height.o.all.wind.turbines.to.be.installed.so.that.they.can.be.plotted.or.aeronautical.maps.and.fight.paths.Navigation.Canada.may.then.impose.specic.markings.
and.lighting.that.must.appear.on.the.turbines.so.that.helicopters.and.airplanes.in.both.commercial.pathways.and.search.and.rescue.zones.can.visually.identiy.the.wind.turbines.
KEEP YOur nEIGHBOurS APPrISED
I.you.have.not.already.notied.your.neighbours,.this.is.a.good.time.to.do.it.Taking.steps.to.show.that.you.have.done.your.homework.and.providing.inormation.ahead.o.time.is.both.a.courtesy.and.the.best.way.to.avert.opposition
Sae operation and maintenance
requirementsA.turbine.is.much.like.a.car:.it.must.be.operated.saely,.and.requires.regular.attention.and.care.to.work.properly.But.because.it.is.mounted..on.a.tall.tower,.reliability.should.be.a.prime.consideration.
MAInTEnAnCE
Minor.maintenance.is.usually.done.on.a.quarterly.basis.or.twice.a.year,.and.some.maintenance.required.annually.Typical.annual.maintenance.includes:.
. Checking.and.tightening.bolts.and.electrical.connections.
. Checking.oil.levels.i.applicable
. Checking.all.components.or.corrosion.
. Checking.guy.wires.or.proper.tension.
. Checking.gear.backlash.and.blade.pitch.settings.i.applicable
. Checking.or.and.replacing.worn.edge.tape.on.the.leading.edges.o.the.blades,.i.appropriate
Are you willing to check the oil and keep up the
wind turbines maintenance as required? I not,
dont install one!
- David Birch
While.smaller.machines.need.very.little.intervention.during.operation.and.very.minimal.maintenance.until.replacement,.wind.expert.Paul.Gipecautions.that.small.turbines.seldom.last.as.long.or.are.as.trouble-ree.asadvertised.More.complex.designs.and.larger.machines.require.regular.maintenance.and.a.major.component.replacement.ater.10-15.years.
O-grid.systems.with.batteries.require:.
. Keeping.the.batteries.within.operating.temperature.ranges.
. Ensuring.charge.and.discharge.rates.are.not.exceeded.
. Using.correct.switches,.uses.and.circuit.breakers.to.help.ensure.sae.operation.
. Maintaining.unsealed.lead-acid.batteries,.topping.up.o.water.
and.veriying.state.o.charge
. Storing.batteries.in.ventilated.enclosures.due.to.o-gassing
InSurAnCE & SAFETY rECOMMEnDATIOnS
Isace:.Many.homeowner.insurance.policies.can.be.extended.to.insure.against.a.liability.brought.about.by.damage.or.injury.caused.by.a.wind.turbine.The.wind.turbine.itsel.can.be.protected.by.insurance.coverage.against.damage.as.a.result.o.re,.lightning,.ice.or.thet.Checkwith.your.agent.or.specics
Saety:.To.minimize.the.likelihood.o.damage.or.injury,.consider.reserving.a.set-back.distance.o.at.least.one.tower.height.rom.property.
lines.and.structures,.and.including.an.anti-climb.device.on.the.wind.turbine.tower.Other.recommendations:
. Peiodic towe check:.Guy-cable.tension,.clips,.and.attachments.should.all.be.checked.periodically.For.truss.towers,.periodically.check.or.nuts.and.bolts.at.the.bottom.o.the.tower
. Towe saety:.It.is.always.saest.to.work.on.your.machine.on.the.ground.Where.possible,.a.tilt-down.tower.that.can.be.lowered.to.the.ground.or.service.is.recommended.However.a.tilt-down.tower.still.requires.training.and.special.equipmentto.lower;.even.a.1.kW.turbine.requires.1,500.lbs.o.orce.Small.wind.turbines.that.require.climbing.should.have.a.work.
platorm,.a.all-arrest.system.and.all-arrest.anchorages.to.be.worked.on.saely.No.one.should.lower.or.climb.a.wind.turbinetower.without.training.in.tower.saety
. Bolt tbie beoe wokig o it.A.through-bolt.or.equivalent.should.be.used.to.lock.the.wind.turbines.rotor.and.to.lock.the.wind.turbine.in.yaw.beore.anyone.works.on.the.turbine.atop.the.tower.i.possible
.
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Contact your planning departmentor permitting agency
. Are.small.wind.energy.systems.specically.addressed.in.municipal.by-laws?.Are.they.considered.a.permitted.or.accessory.use.(subject.to.certain.requirements)?.Or,.do.they.require.a.special.use.permit?.
. Learn.the.relevant.permitting.procedures,.including.applicable.orms.and.where.to.obtain.them,.notication.or.hearings.required.(i.any),.inspections,.etc.
. What.documents.will.you.need?.Will.you.need.to.submit.plans.rom.a.consulting.engineer,.or.will.documentation.rom.the.turbine.manuacturer.or.dealer.do?.
Review the applicable standards
and restrictions
CanWEA.recommends:
. Minimum.property.size:.01.ha.(025.acre).or.towers.up.to.25.m.(80.t);.02.ha.(05.acre).or.taller.tower.heights,.typically.wind.turbines.larger.than.100.kW;.subject.to.the.setback.requirements.described.below
. Maximum.tower.height:.no.limit.other.than.where.it.cannot.be.accommodated.within.lot.lines
. Setback:.1.tower.height.rom.property.line,.all.inhabited.dwellings.and.power.lines
. Sound.levels:.mean.sound.pressure.level.value.not.to.exceed.6.decibels.(dBA).above.background.sound,.as.measured.at.exterior.o.closest.neighbouring.inhabited.dwelling.(or.wind.speeds.>10.m/s).
. Equipment:.approved.by.CanWEA-recognized.small.wind.certication.program.(once.in.place)
. Building.code.compliance:.manuacturer.documentation.o.International.Building.Code.compliance
. Electric.code.compliance:.line.drawing.showing.conormance.with.existing.electrical.codes.and.applicable.authority.(eg.Electrical.Saety.Authority.in.Ontario)
. Navigation.Canada.requirements:.Transport.Canada.must.
be.notied.o.location.(latitude/longitude).and.height.o.all.wind.turbine.installations;.applicant.must.comply.with.any.requirements.
Communicate with your neighbours
Local.planners.oten.advise.applicants.to.notiy.their.neighbours.
beore.proceeding.with.installing.a.wind.turbine.Small.wind.turbine.manuacturers.also.recommend.early.notication.o.neighbours.That.courtesy.will.in.many.cases.correct.misperceptions.and.head.o.potentopposition.A.simple.letter.can.answer.most.questions.neighbours.haveabout.a.proposed.small.wind.turbine,.correct.misperceptions.and.let.youneighbours.know.you.have.properly.researched.the.project.(See.sampleletter.on.page.8)
Plan your purchase and installation. Customers.are.encouraged.to.get.quotes.rom.at.least.three.
installers
. For.grid-connected.systems:.Notiy.electric.utility.and.secure.interconnection.agreement.(i.required).in.conormance.with.requirements.established.by.local.utility
. For.o-grid.systems:.These.should.be.installed.or.inspected.bya.contractor.qualied.by.the.provincial.or.territorial.electrical.authority.(eg,.the.Electrical.Saety.Authority.in.Ontario)
Environmental review. Projects.located.on.public.lands.are.subject.to.an.
Environmental.Assessment.(EA).Most.small-scale.wind.turbines.receive.a.negative.declaration,.meaning.they.have.no.signicant.adverse.environmental.impact
Permitting ees and timetable. Building.permit.and.special.use.permit.ees.vary.CanWEA.
recommends.that.ees.not.exceed.$50.
. I.a.particular.ee.seems.excessive.or.inappropriate.or.your.situation,.nd.out.the.basis.or.the.ee.You.may.be.able.to.avoid.it.or.have.it.reduced
. The.timetable.or.processing.small.wind.turbine.permit.applications.is.typically.about.6.weeks.rom.the.time.the.permand.all.required.documentation.are.led
.
Permitting Checklist or Small Wind Customers
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Aemomete..Wind.speed.measurement.equipment,.installed.on.a.tower.typically.30-70.m.tall,.usually.connected.to.a.data.recorder.to.track.the.wind.speed.over.a.length.o.time.(eg,.1.year).
Aal Aveage Wid Speed (AWS)..The.average.o.all.instantaneous.wind.speeds.or.a.location.over.the.course.o.a.year
Balace o System (BOS)..The.equipment.beyond.the.standard.wind.turbine.and.tower.required.to.install.a.complete.wind.system
Ct-i wid speed .Lowest.speed.(at.hub.height).at.which.the.turbine.starts.to.produce.power
Ct-ot wid speed..Maximum.hub.height.wind.speed.at.which.the.wind.turbine.is.designed.to.stop.producing.power
Demad..The.amount.o.electricity.drawn.rom.an.electric.system.at.a.given.time,.generally.measured.in.kilowatts
Distace to dwelligs..Some.jurisdictions.set.dierent.requirements.or.dwellings.than.or.non-habitable.structures.such.as.silos.or.storage.sheds,.requiring.a.dierent.minimum.distance.between.the.turbine.
and.dwellings.located.on.the.owners.property.versus.dwellings.on.neighbouring.properties
Distibted Geeatio..A.small-scale.power.generation.technology.that.provides.electric.power.at.a.site.closer.to.customers.than.central.station.generation.The.term.is.commonly.used.to.indicate.non-utility.sources.o.electricity,.including.acilities.or.sel-generation
Eegy cve.-.A.graph.indicating.how.much.electricity.(in.kWh).a.wind.turbine.will.produce.at.given.wind.speeds.Energy.production.is.presented.on.the.vertical.axis;.wind.speed.on.the.horizontal.axis.
Fee-stadig towe..A.tower.that.does.not.use.guy.wires.or.other.external.supports
Gy acho..Foundation.designed.or.guy.wire.connection
Gy cable..Cable.or.wire.used.as.a.tension.support.between.a.guy.anchor.and.a.tower
Gyed towe..A.tower.that.utilizes.external.guy.supports
HAWT..Horizontal.Axis.Wind.Turbine.
Hb..The.xture.or.attaching.the.blades.or.blade.assembly.o.a.horizontal.axis.wind.turbine.to.the.rotor.shat
Itecoectio..The.process.and.regulations.or.physically.connecting.your.small.wind.turbine.to.the.electrical.grid.via.your.utility
Kilowatt (kW)..The.basic.unit.o.electrical.energy,.equal.to.1,000.
Watts.Average.household.demand.is.10.to.15.kW
Kilowatt-ho (kWh)..A.unit.o.energy.o.work.equal.to.1,000.Watt-hours.The.basic.measure.o.electricity.generation.or.use.A.100-Watt.light.bulb.burning.or.10.hours.uses.one.kilowatt-hour.Average.household.energy.use.is.10,000.kWh.per.year
Load..The.amount.o.energy.drawn.at.a.specic.time.rom.an.electric.system,.or.the.total.energy.drawn.rom.the.system.Peak.load.is.the.amount.o.energy.drawn.at.the.time.o.highest.demand
nacelle..The.housing.which.contains.the.drive-train,.generator.and.other.elements.on.top.o.a.horizontal.axis.wind.turbine.tower
net meteig / et billig..The.administrative.and.billing.agreement(net.metering.agreement).or.sel.generation.in.parallel.with.the.grid.to.track.and.bill.the.electricity.you.use.and.the.electricity.you.store.onthe.grid,.allowing.you.to.run.your.electrical.meter.backwards.i.your.turbine.generates.more.than.your.acility.is.consuming.Note.that.undnet.metering,.you.will.not.typically.be.paid.or.excess.electricity.-.you.will.only.be.allowed.to.store.it.on.the.grid.or.a.certain.period.o.tim
Powe cve.-.A.graph.indicating.how.much.power.(in.watts.or.kilowatts).a.wind.turbine.will.produce.at.given.wind.speeds.Power.is.presented.on.the.vertical.axis;.wind.speed.on.the.horizontal.axis.
Popety lie setback..The.required.minimum.distance.rom.the.baso.the.tower.to.the.nearest.property.line.
Pblic saety cosideatios..Include.such.actors.as.the.structuralintegrity.o.the.turbine.tower.and.equipment,.electrical.saety.requirements,.air.trac.saety,.etc
rated ameplate capacity..The.maximum.rated.output.o.electric.power.production.equipment.This.output,.in.Watts.or.kW,.is.typically.
specied.by.the.manuacturer.with.the.wind.turbines.nameplate.rating
rated powe..Wind.turbines.reach.their.rated.or.nominal.power.attheir.rated.wind.speed.in.meters.per.second.(m/s).Rated.power.is.nosynonymous.with.peak.power,.though.they.are.occasionally.the.same.Rated.power.and.peak.power.are.just.two.points.on.a.power.curve.[Paul.Gipe,.wwwwind-worksorg/articles/PowerCurveshtml]
roto speed..Rate.o.rotation.o.the.rotor.blades.about.the.turbine.ax
roto-swept aea..Area.o.the.disk.described.by.the.rotating.rotor.blades.The.main.actors.determining.how.much.power.a.turbine.will.produce.are.the.average.wind.speed.at.hub.height.and.the.rotor-swep
area,.which.is.based.on.the.diameter.o.the.rotorSod..Generally.measured.in.dB(A),.or.A-weighted.decibels.to.compensate.or.the.human.ears.sensitivity.over.a.range.o.requenciesIt.is.important.to.distinguish.between.sound.power.level,.which.is.a.measure.o.source.strength,.and.sound.pressure.level,.which.is.a.measure.o.the.sound.level.at.a.receptor.(eg,.a.neighbours.house)
Total system height .The.height.rom.ground.level.to.the.tip.o.the.rotor.at.its.highest.point
Towe height..The.height.above-grade.o.the.xed.portion.o.the.winturbine.tower,.excluding.the.wind.turbine.and.rotor.
Tbie..A.device.or.converting.the.fow.o.a.fuid.(air,.steam,.water,.ohot.gases).into.mechanical.motion.that.in.turn.produces.electricity
VAWT..Vertical.Axis.Wind.Turbine
Visal impact..Because.turbines.are.mounted.on.tall.towers,.they.oten.are.visible.rom.beyond.the.property.line.The.impact.o.a.small.turbines.visibility.depends.on.the.landscape.setting,.the.points.rom.which.it.would.be.viewed,.and.the.attitudes.o.those.whose.views.would.be.aected
Watt..A.unit.o.electrical.energy
Glossary
2.Many.o.these.denitions.were.developed.by.Windustry,.wwwwindustryorg/resources/glossaryhtm.
8/4/2019 Small Wind Turbines Final
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Worksheet Local Contact & Dealer Inormation
Popety Addess: Property.Size.(acres):
Local Plaig
Agecy cotact ame:
Phone:. Fax/Email:
Aal Load (kWh): Peak Load (kW):
Electic utility Compay: Accot #:
utility Itecoectio cotact ame: . . .
Phone:. Fax/Email:
Tbie Make/Model:
Deale 1 Deale 2 Deale 3
Deale name:. . .
. Address:. . .
. Phone:.. .
. Fax/Email:. . .
. Contact.person:. . .
Yeas i bsiess
Qalifcatios/Backgod. . .
. Familiar.with.local.electrical.requirements. . .
. Member.o.CanWEA?. . .
. Reerences. . .
. Experience.satisactory?. . .
. Insurance.documented. . .
Techical picig details available?
System maal available
Sevices oeed:. . .
. Installation?. . .
. Warranty.support?. . .
. Maintenance?. . .
Pice
Paymet Optios
Geeal Commets ad Obsevatios
use this woksheet to fll i local iomatio sch as the ames ad phoe mbes o the local plaig agecy ad tilityitecoectio cotacts as well as o compaig deales.