Slides 1-bio

8/14/2019 Slides 1-bio

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Deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, orother germs (agents) used to cause illness ordeath on people, animal or plants

Started on Roman Civilization- BubonicPlague


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can be easily disseminated or transmittedfrom person to personresult in high mortality rates and have thepotential for major public health impactmight cause public panic and socialdisruptionrequire special action for public healthpreparedness.


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Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis )Botulism (C lostridium botulinum toxin)Plague (Ye rsinia p e stis )

Smallpox (variola major)Tularemia (F rancis e lla tular e nsis )Viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g.,Ebola, Marburg] and arenaviruses [e.g.,Lassa, Machupo])


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are moderately easy to disseminateresult in moderate morbidity rates and lowmortality ratesrequire specific enhancements of CDC'sdiagnostic capacity and enhanced diseasesurveillance.


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Brucellosis (Bruc e lla species)Epsilon toxin of C lostridium p e rfring e nsFood safety threats (e.g., Salmon e lla species, Esch e rcoli O157:H7, Shig e lla )Glanders (Burkhold e ria mall e i)

Melioidosis (Burkhold e

ria pse

udomalle

i)Psittacosis ( C hlamydia psittaci )Q fever (Coxi e lla burn e tii )Ricin toxin from R icinus communis (castor beans)Staphylococcal enterotoxin BTyphus fever ( R icke ttsia prowaz e kii )Viral encephalitis (alphaviruses [e.g., Venezuelan equinencephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, western equineencephalitis])Water safety threats (e.g., V ibrio chol e ra e ,C ryptosporidium parvum )


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Third highest priority agents includeemerging pathogens that could beengineered for mass dissemination in thefuture because of

availabilityease of production and dissemination; andpotential for high morbidity and mortality ratesand major health impact.


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Hanta Virus

Nipah Virus


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It has caused disease in animals and inhumans, through contact with infectiousanimals

Virus family P aramyxovirida e

Fruit Bats

The incubation period is between 4 and 18days


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the onset is usually with "influenza-like"symptomshigh fever and muscle pains (myalgia)

The disease may progress to inflammation ofthe brain (encephalitis) with drowsiness,disorientation, convulsions and coma

Fifty percent of clinically apparent cases die.


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Treatment- Supportive

Ribavirin

Risk of transmission to health care workers islow


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Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused byinfection of the intestine

Vibrio Cholerae

A person may get cholera by drinking water oreating food contaminated with the cholerabacterium

A simple rule of thumb is " Boil it, cook it, p eit, or forg e t it . "


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All travelers to areas where cholera has occured shouldobserve the following recommendations:Drink only water that you have boiled or treated withchlorine or iodine. Other safe beverages include teaand coffee made with boiled water and carbonated,

bottled beverages with no ice.Eat only foods that have been thoroughly cooked andare still hot, or fruit that you have peeled yourself.Avoid undercooked or raw fish or shellfish, includingceviche.Make sure all vegetables are cooked avoid salads.Avoid foods and beverages from street vendors.Do not bring perishable seafood back to the UnitedStates.


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Fluid and Electrolyte ReplacementAntibiotics


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Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a severe, often-fatal disease in humans and nonhumanprimates (monkeys, gorillas, andchimpanzees) that has appeared sporadicallysince its initial recognition in 1976

Filoviridae

Natural Habitat-unknown


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Transmissiondirect contact with the blood and/or secretionsof an infected person.families and friends because they come in close

contact with such secretions when caring forinfected personsneedlesHealth care spreadAirborne- Virginia


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Incubation Period- 2-21 days

fever, headache, joint and muscle aches,sore throat, and weakness, followed bydiarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain.

A rash, red eyes, hiccups and internal andexternal bleeding may be seen in some

patients


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Supportive


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