COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCES OF VARIOUS TYPE OF MATERIALS

ON RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED

TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT

Faculty of Electronic and Computer EngineeringFINAL YEAR PROJECT

Physical properties for different materials

 Materials/Properties

Copper Aluminium

Silver Gold Graphene

Conductivity (S/m)

5.96 X 107 3.8 X 107 6.29 X 107 4.10 X 107

108

Melting Point (K)

1356 933.47 1234.93 1337.33 3800

Density (g/cm3) 10.30 2.70 10.49 19.30 2.1-2.2

Thermal conductivity

( W/ m-K)

401 237 429 318 5000

GRAPHENE

STRONG and THINNEST material [6]

TWO-DIMESIONAL and CONDUCTIVE [4][5]

STRETCHABLE and IMPERMEABLE [6]

Graphene is form of carbon.Graphene is a single atomic layer

of graphite [6]

Graphene is a two-dimensional flat monolayer of carbon atoms

arranged in honeycomb lattice [4][5]

Graphene also contains elastic properties, being able to retain its

initial size after strain [6]

Discovered and attracted tremendous interest because of its excellent mechanical, thermal and

electrical properties [4]

Graphene

Objectives

To develop the rectangular stacked patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot in CST STUDIO SUITE Software.

To study the performance of parameter such as bandwidth, gain and directivity for a material between copper, aluminium, silver, gold and graphene as a patch material.

To compare the effect of parameter mention above between rectangular patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with and without stacked patch.

Frequency, fo 3.5GHz

Return Loss ≤ -10dB

Gain > 2.5dB  

Substrate FR4  

Dielectric constant, 4.3

Substrate height 1.6mm

Dielectric loss tangent 0.019

Material thickness 0.035mm

Design Specification

YES

NO

Literature review:

• Microstrip patch antenna; Rectangular patch antenna

• Characteristics of copper, aluminium, silver, gold and

graphene

• Calculation that related in designing process

START

Design specification; the resonant frequency, types of materials and

design characteristics

Designing rectangular patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with and without stacked patch in CST STUDIO

SUITE Software

Finalize the layout design

Simulation result OK?

END

Writing thesis

Collecting and analysing the result

Tabulated the data and compare

Discussion

Flow Chart Methodology

Antenna Design

RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT

RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT

Substrate

material

Patch material

GLASS

FirstDesig

nSecon

dDesig

n

Antenna parameters for optimized antenna

Calculation of width and length for the

patch1. W=

2. L= - 2

3. = + []

4. = 0.412h

Result and Discussion

FirstDesig

n RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE

TRIANGLE SLOT

Copper = 3.0946 GHz

Aluminium = 3.1987 GHz

Silver = 3.5868 GHz

Graphene = 3.6719 GHz

BandwidthFirstDesig

n

Gold = 3.5111 GHz

Graphene is the highest and followed with silver, gold, aluminium and copper.

Copper = 2.953dB

Aluminium = 2.953dB

Silver = 2.953dB

Gold = 2.791dB

Graphene = 2.954dB

FirstDesig

nGain

FirstDesig

nCopper = 3.15dBi

Aluminium = 3.155dBi

Silver = 3.155dBi

Gold= 3.155dBi

Graphene = 3.279dBi

Directivity

RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED

TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT

FirstDesign

Materials Bandwidth (GHz)

Gain (dB) Directivity (dBi)

Copper 3.0946 2.953 3.155Aluminium 3.1987 2.953 3.155Silver 3.5868 2.953 3.155Gold 3.5111 2.791 3.155Graphene 3.6719 2.954 3.279

Graphene gives the best performance in terms of bandwidth, gain and directivity.

SecondDesign RECTANGULAR WITH STACK PATCH

ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT

Bandwidth

Copper = 3.4826 GHz

Aluminium = 3.6057 GHz

Silver = 3.7184 GHz

Gold = 3.7950 GHz

Graphene = 3.9028 GHz

Second

Design

Second

Design

Gain

Copper = 3.164dB

Aluminium = 3.231dB

Silver = 3.165dB

Gold = 3.279dB

Graphene = 3.321dB

Second

Design

Directivity

Copper = 3.691dB

Aluminium = 3.754dB

Silver = 3.691dB

Gold = 3.792dB

Graphene = 3.824dB

RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT

Second

DesignMaterials Bandwidth

(GHz)Gain (dB) Directivity (dBi)

Copper 3.4826 3.164 3.691

Aluminium 3.6057 3.231 3.754

Silver 3.7184 3.165 3.691

Gold 3.7950 3.278 3.792

Graphene 3.9028 3.321 3.824

Addition of a stacked patch antenna has improve a higher gain and directivity.

Graphene gives the best performance in terms of bandwidth, gain and directivity.

Potential Value

Suitable for WiMAX application(From the simulated results, a wide impedance bandwidth for a practical WiMAX operations based on IEEE 802.16 standard, this design is suitable for it)

Graphene – Nanotechnology(Researches nowadays finding a wide variety of ways to make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as high speed and lighter weight)

Conclusion

The novel rectangular stacked patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot configuration is presented with the simulation results.

The performance of parameter for example bandwidth, gain and directivity for a material between copper, aluminium, silver, gold and graphene as a patch material on the antenna design have been studied in this project.

In terms of antenna performances such as bandwidth, gain and directivity graphene is the best material among copper, aluminium, silver and gold.

The rectangular patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with stacked is better than without stacked based on the result from the improvement of parameter.

[1] H. Nornikman, F. Malek, N. Saudin, M. M. Shukor, N. a. Zainuddin, M. Z. a. A. Aziz, B. H. Ahmad, and M. a. Othman, “Design of rectangular stacked patch antenna with four L-shaped slots and CPW-fed for WiMAX application,” 2013 3rd Int. Conf. Instrumentation, Commun. Inf. Technol. Biomed. Eng., pp. 39–43, Nov. 2013.

[2] J. Gautam and N. Jayanthi, “Design of stacked miniaturized slotted antenna with enhanced bandwidth for WiMAX application,” 2014 Int. Conf. Signal Process. Integr. Networks, pp. 663–666, Feb. 2014.

[3] S. Chaimool and P. Akkaraekthalin, “CPW-Fed Antennas for WiFi and WiMAX,” Adv. Transm. Tech. WiMAX, Dr. Roberto Hincapie (Ed.), ISBN 978-953-307-965-3, InTech, 2012.

[4]Min Liang, M. T. (n.d.). IEE EXPLORE. Graphene Conductivity Characteristics At Microwave and THz Frequency, 489-491.

[5] ARYA FALLAHI, J. P. (2013). ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE METASURFACES AND APPLICATION. 492-495.

[6]Fuente,J. D. (2013). Properties of Graphene. Retrieved 11 12, 2014, from Graphenea: http://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-properties#.VGv--jSUe6M

[7] B. Alfano, T. P. (2015). Tailoring the selectivity of chemical sensors based on graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles. IEEE, 1-4.

[8] H. F. AbuTarboush, H. S.-R. (2009). Bandwidth Enhancement for Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Stacked Patch and Slot. Wireless Networks &

Communications Centre (WNCC), School of Engineering & Design Brunel University, West London U.K., 42-44.

[9] John Coonrod, B. R. (JULY 2012). Comparing Microstrip and CPW Performances. MICROWAVE JOURNAL, 74-82.

References