Upload
priscilla-goodman
View
215
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Slide 1 of 40
Prokaryotic Cells:
Includes ONLY
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 2 of 40Most numerous organisms on Earth
Slide 3 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
BACTERIA:•Most numerous organisms on Earth•1st forms of life on Earth•All are prokaryotic
•General Traits of all prokaryotes:•Lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.•Unicellular (separate or in a colony)•Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
(make own food) (obtain food from others)
•Are microscopic “.”•300 side by side = printed period
Slide 4 of 40
Bacteria is found EVERYWHERE…
fFood
Air
Soil
On and in our body
On all objects
Slide 5 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
430,000 year old bacteria found in a fresh water lake in Antarctica
Deep Ocean
Slide 6 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cell wall:
-made up of proteins and carbs -protects and gives shape to cell.
Cell wall
Slide 7 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cell Wall
Cell membraneCell membrane:
-regulates what goes into and out of the cell
Slide 8 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Outer covering that is sticky. Allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and prevents WBC’s from engulfing them.
Capsule
Slide 9 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Capsule
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm:-liquid
solution which suspends the DNA and ribosomes.
Slide 10 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Capsule
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Ribosomes:
-uses DNA’sinstructions to
make all proteins
Slide 11 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Capsule
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
DNADNA: -genetic material -1 loop of DNA
Slide 12 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
DNA
Sex pili
Sex pili:
-short proteins which bacteria use to pick up DNA from the environment or from another bacteria cell
Flagella: -1 or more whip like structure or movement
Flagella
Slide 13 of 40
Flagella: for movement.
Slide 14 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Conjugation
During conjugation, a hollow bridge made up of the sex pili forms between two bacterial cells, and segments of DNA move from one cell to the other.
Examples of how sex pili are used:
Slide 15 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Transformation:
When bacteria use their sex pili to pick up DNA from their environment.
Slide 16 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Classifying Prokaryotes
E. coli, a Typical Eubacterium
Cell wall
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
DNAFlagellum
Capsule
Slide 17 of 40
Ideal Reproductive/Growth Conditions
-moisture-warmth-food source-darkness
Food and moistureWarm and darkness
Ideal warm, dark and moist environment with plenty of food?
The human body
Slide 18 of 40
Part A of Bacteria lab
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 19 of 40
Endospores
A hard, protective case that forms around the DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable growth conditions.
Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions.
Spores can remain dormant for months or years.
Slide 20 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Bacteria can be:
1. Heterotrophic-uses other organisms as a food source.
Slide 21 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
2. Saprophytic:
-live off dead matter-bacteria is the #1 decomposer
3. Autotrophic:
-makes their own food through photosynthesis.
Slide 22 of 40
Reproduction
Binary fission
Binary Fission Bacteria copies its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells.
Form of asexual reproduction
Takes about 20 min. in bacteria.
Slide 23 of 40
Most people think of bacteria of only being “bad” but bacteria do a lot of good too!!!
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 24 of 40
The GOOD……..
To make medicines
Oil eating bacteria
To make food
#1 decomposer
Sewage treatment
Slide 25 of 40
The BAD………..Makes us
sick/causes illnesses
STD’s: Gonorrhea, SyphilisChlamydia, Botulism, LymesDisease, Pinkeye, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia
Slide 26 of 40
Can they be stopped?
RefrigerationFreezing
Heat: canning, cooking, sterilization
Dehydration
Antiseptics
Antibiotics
Slide 27 of 40
Set up Part B of lab
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 28 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
You go to the doctors with a sore throat……………..now what happens????
Slide 29 of 40
The doctor has to classify the bacteria to know how to
treat it.
1. The doctor cultures/grows the bacteria.
Slide 30 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Identifying Prokaryotes
2. The doctor determines the shape of the bacteria.
Bacilli
Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called
bacilli.
Slide 31 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Identifying Prokaryotes
Spherical prokaryotes are called cocci.
Cocci
Slide 32 of 40
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Identifying Prokaryotes
Spiral and corkscrew-shaped
prokaryotes are called spirilla.
Spirilla
Slide 33 of 40
3. The doctor determines its “colony” formation:
Strept mean grows in a long chain.
Staph means grows in a cluster
Slide 34 of 40
Can you identify these bacteria?
Steptococcus
Round and in a straight line
Staphococcus
Round and in a cluster.
Slide 35 of 40
Part C of the Bacteria lab
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall