Slide 1

An Analysis of Flooding An Analysis of Flooding Aboard the RMS TitanicAboard the RMS Titanic

bybyCapt. Charles Weeks, Jr.Capt. Charles Weeks, Jr.

Titanic SymposiumMaine Maritime Acedemy

April 24, 2004

Slide 2

General Deck PlansGeneral Deck Plans

• Passenger and Crew Areas Color Passenger and Crew Areas Color CodedCoded

• WT Bulkheads and Doors IndicatedWT Bulkheads and Doors Indicated

• Probably Location of Gates IndicatedProbably Location of Gates Indicated

Slide 3

Boat DeckBoat Deck

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 4

A DeckA Deck

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 5

B DeckB Deck

Ports

Ports

Port Ports

Ports

Port

Port

Gate Buckley Climbed Over

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 6

C DeckC Deck

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 7

D DeckD Deck

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 8

E DeckE Deck

PortPortAshPort

PortPort

PortPortPortPortPort

Escape Doors from Boilers Rms and Enginge Rms

Bostwick Gate Up(NARA Plans)

Bostwick Gate(NARA Plans)

First or Second ClassCtd as First

First or Second ClassCtd as Second

Possible Location of Doors (Gates?)

Between First and Second Class

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 9

F DeckF Deck

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 10

G DeckG Deck

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 11

Orlop DeckOrlop Deck

Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 12

Tank TopTank Top

All Watertight Doors Operated from Bridge

slide #Crew 1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class Probable Gates Watertight Bulkhead Watertight Door

Slide 13

Testimony re FloodingTestimony re FloodingAmerican and British American and British

InquiriesInquiries

Slide 14

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett 2340 (1868)Barrett 2340 (1868)

Slide 15

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett 2340 (1917)Barrett 2340 (1917)

Slide 16

Wreck Commissioner’s Wreck Commissioner’s ReportReport2340+2340+

Slide 17

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBuley Buley 2340+ (Day 7 USA)2340+ (Day 7 USA)

Slide 18

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyHendrickson Hendrickson 2345 (4856-4866)2345 (4856-4866)

Slide 19

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyHendrickson, Sheirs 2340-2350 Hendrickson, Sheirs 2340-2350

(4559)(4559)

Slide 20

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett Barrett 2340+ 2350+ (Day 18 2340+ 2350+ (Day 18

USA)USA)

Slide 21

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyPoingdestre Poingdestre 2340-2350 (2821-2340-2350 (2821-

2)2)

Slide 22

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett Barrett 2350 (1926)2350 (1926)

Slide 23

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBeauchamp Beauchamp 2350+ (671+)2350+ (671+)

Slide 24

Wreck Commissioner’s Wreck Commissioner’s Report Report Flooding in the First 10 Flooding in the First 10

Min. Min.

Poingdestre 2821-2Poingdestre 2821-2Hendrickson 859, 4856-66, 4870, 4849Hendrickson 859, 4856-66, 4870, 4849

Slide 25

Wreck Commissioner’s Wreck Commissioner’s ReportReport

23502350

Slide 26

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBoxhall Boxhall 2350-2400 (15374, 15390)2350-2400 (15374, 15390)

0000

0005-0010

Slide 27

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett 2350-0040 (1669, 2034, 2039, Barrett 2350-0040 (1669, 2034, 2039,

2141)2141)

23500040

Slide 28

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett (1969, 2038, 2039, 2041)Barrett (1969, 2038, 2039, 2041)

2350Rush of WaterBetween Bulkheads

Slide 29

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyLee and PitmanLee and Pitman

Lee 0000 (2455, 249, 24, 85)Lee 0000 (2455, 249, 24, 85)Pitman 0000 (14962, 14965)Pitman 0000 (14962, 14965)

Slide 30

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyPitman Pitman 0000 (14548-49)0000 (14548-49)

WTDs Not Closed at This Time

Slide 31

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyJohnson Johnson 0005 (3397)0005 (3397)

Slide 32

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyPoingdestre 0010-0025 (2872, 3178)Poingdestre 0010-0025 (2872, 3178)

Bulkhead Gives Way Starboard to Port

Slide 33

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyPoingdestre Poingdestre 0020 (2894-61)0020 (2894-61)

Slide 34

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyBarrett (1869, 1874)Barrett (1869, 1874)

Slide 35

Still Dry. No Damage Aft of #4 Boiler Rm.All WTDs Aft of Main ER Opened0010 WTD Aft of #4 Boiler Rm. Opened

Inquiry TestimonyInquiry TestimonyDillon 0120 (3816), Caroll 0120 (4287-Dillon 0120 (3816), Caroll 0120 (4287-

4263)4263)

Slide 36

Inquiry Testimony 0135Inquiry Testimony 0135Lee, Rowe, Jewell, and LightollerLee, Rowe, Jewell, and Lightoller

D LoweredLee (2541), Rowe (17688-89),Lee (2541), Rowe (17688-89),

Jewell (167), and Lightoller (14081, 14023)Jewell (167), and Lightoller (14081, 14023)

Slide 37

The Sinking of RMS Titanic: The Sinking of RMS Titanic: Investigated by Modern Investigated by Modern

TechniquesTechniquesby by

C. Hackett, Senior Naval Architect, C. Hackett, Senior Naval Architect, Harland and Wolff and Harland and Wolff and

J. G. Bedford, Retired Chief Naval J. G. Bedford, Retired Chief Naval Architect, Harland and WolffArchitect, Harland and Wolff

© 1996 The Royal Institution of Naval Architects© 1996 The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

Presented to a joint meeting of The Royal Instiute of Naval Presented to a joint meeting of The Royal Instiute of Naval Architects (RINA) and the Institution of Engineers and Architects (RINA) and the Institution of Engineers and

Shipbuilders in Scotland (IESIS)Shipbuilders in Scotland (IESIS)

Slide 38

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford10 Min. Post Collision (2350)10 Min. Post Collision (2350)

Slide 39

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford20 Min. Post Collision (2400)20 Min. Post Collision (2400)

Slide 40

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford40 Min. Post Collision (0020)40 Min. Post Collision (0020)

Slide 41

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford60 Min. Post Collision (0040)60 Min. Post Collision (0040)

Slide 42

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 1Hr 25 Min. Post Collision (0120) 1Hr 25 Min. Post Collision (0120)

Slide 43

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 2Hrs 30 Min. Post Collision (0210) 2Hrs 30 Min. Post Collision (0210)

Slide 44

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 10 Min. Post Collision (2350) 10 Min. Post Collision (2350)

Tank Top and Lower OrlopTank Top and Lower Orlop

Peak tank, cargo areas flood

Slide 45

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 10 Min. Post Collision (2350) 10 Min. Post Collision (2350)

Orlop DeckOrlop Deck

1st & 2nd Class baggage area and mail room flood

Slide 46

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 20 Min. Post Collision (2400) 20 Min. Post Collision (2400)

Orlop DeckOrlop Deck

Cargo areas flood

Slide 47

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 40 Min. Post Collision (0020) 40 Min. Post Collision (0020)

Orlop DeckOrlop Deck

Boiler Rooms 5 & 6 flood

Slide 48

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 40 Min. Post Collision (0020) 40 Min. Post Collision (0020)

G DeckG Deck

Slide 49

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 40 Min. Post Collision (0020) 40 Min. Post Collision (0020)

F DeckF Deck

Slide 50

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)

Orlop DeckOrlop Deck

Chain locker and storage floods

Slide 51

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)

G DeckG Deck

Chain locker, Storage Area, and Boiler Room 6 flood

Slide 52

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)

F DeckF Deck

Chain locker, Storage Area, and Compartments 5 & 6 flood

Slide 53

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)

E DeckE Deck

Slide 54

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 60 Min. Post Collision (0040) 60 Min. Post Collision (0040)

D DeckD Deck

Slide 55

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 2 hrs. 5 Min. Post Collision 2 hrs. 5 Min. Post Collision

(0145) (0145) D DeckD Deck

1st Class Cabins flood

Slide 56

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford 2 hrs. 5 Min. Post Collision 2 hrs. 5 Min. Post Collision

(0145) (0145) C DeckC Deck

Slide 57

Hacket & BedfordHacket & Bedford

Green 10 min. past collisionBlue 20 min. past collisionPurple 40 min. past collision

Orange 60 min. past collisionPink 1 Hr. 25 min. past collisionRed 2 Hrs. 30 min. past collision

Slide 58

Titanic at 2:00 A.M.Titanic at 2:00 A.M.by by

Paul J. QuinnPaul J. Quinn19971997

Slide 59

Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 29p. 29

“…water washed against the formast.”

Slide 60

Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 29p. 29

B DeckBow and Forward Well Deck go under.

Slide 61

Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 35p. 35

Water not yet up to D Deck on Grand Staircase.First Class areas along A, B, and C Decks virtually untouched.

0100

0200

Slide 62

Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 35p. 35

B DeckForward Promenage floods. Inside A, B, & C decks virtually untouched.

Slide 63

Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 35p. 35

E DeckWater reaches base of E Deck on Grand Staircase at 1:00

and stays there for an hour.

Slide 64

Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 36p. 36

“By 2 a.m. a considerable amount of the bottom of the forward part of the ship had flooded -- away from the view of most of the passengers.”

Slide 65

Quinn 2:00 a.m.Quinn 2:00 a.m.p. 36p. 36

Tank TopBoiler Rms. 5 & 6 completely flooded, Boiler Rm. 4 partly submerged.

Slide 66

Quinn 2:05 a.m.Quinn 2:05 a.m.p. 37p. 37

0100

Forward railing on B deck was now dipping underwater.On D Deck water creeps towards elevators. On E Deck Scotland Road was underwater.

Slide 67

Quinn 2:05 a.m.Quinn 2:05 a.m.p. 40p. 40

0130

0100

Doors between compartments slow flooding. Water appears at base of Grand Staircase a little after 1:00 but does not appear in Boiler Rm. 4

(below Grand Staircase) until around 1:30.

Slide 68

Quinn 2:05 a.m.Quinn 2:05 a.m.p. 42p. 42

Water had easier access to E and F Decks than to boiler rooms below, creating a condition where water was resting on top of air.

Water laps as the base of the Promenade Deck.

Slide 69

Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 55p. 55

Slide 70

Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 55p. 55

D DeckWater advances to Reception Room.

Slide 71

Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 55p. 55

E DeckScotland Road flooding and water pours down 3rd class staircase to

Dining Room on F Deck.

Slide 72

Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 55p. 55

F DeckWater pours down staircases to 3rd class Dining Room.

Slide 73

Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 56p. 56

Bow goes under, forward buoyance was lost, and redistribution of weight leads to a noticeable slanting motion which was noticed by

passengers like Jack Thayer.

Slide 74

Quinn 2:10 a.m.Quinn 2:10 a.m.p. 68, 71p. 68, 71

Docking bridge and forward railing going under.Grand Staircase flooded on E Deck, part of D Deck.

Slide 75

Quinn 2:15 a.m.Quinn 2:15 a.m.p. 75p. 75

Water up to bridge, D Deck Reception Room.

Slide 76

Quinn 2:15 a.m.Quinn 2:15 a.m.p. 83p. 83

Crow’s nest level with the water.