SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 1 SLHC and CMS LHC Upgrades Dan Green US CMS Program Manager Fermilab October 6, 2004

SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 1

SLHC and CMSSLHC and CMS

LHC Upgrades

Dan Green

US CMS Program Manager

Fermilab

October 6, 2004


OutlineOutline

SLHC – Upgrades and “Reach”

CMS and US CMS Collaborations


LHC Detector InnovationsLHC Detector InnovationsLHC challenges have led to dramatic detector progressLA – “accordion” for high speed operationPbWO4 – fast crystal calorimetry, radiation resistant.Muon Toroids – precision momentum over an enormous volume.All silicon tracking – 200 m2

Silicon pixels at p-p colliders for b tagging.DSM electronics – radiation hardOptical data transfers – fast, hermetic.


Evolution of LHC luminosityEvolution of LHC luminosity

Install upgrade here

When do you upgrade the LHC and expts?


Mass Reach vs L - SLHCMass Reach vs L - SLHC

1032

1033

1034

1035

103

104

Luminosity(/cm2sec)

MZ'

(Ge

V)

N=100 Events, Z' Coupling

2 TeV 14 TeV 28 TeV 100 TeV

In general mass reach is increased by ~ 1.5 TeV for Z’, heavy SUSY squarks or gluinos or extra dimension mass scales. A ~ 20% measurement of the HHH coupling is possible for Higgs masses < 200 GeV. However, to realize these improvements we need to maintain the capabilities of the LHC detectors.

VLHC

LHC

TevatronAt 1032 reach is already 2 TeV


KinematicsKinematics

Heavy States decay at wide angles. For example Z’ of 1 and 5 TeV decaying into light pairs. Therefore, for these states we will concentrate on wide angle detectors.

1 TeV5 TeV

/d dy

barrel y barrel


Higgs Self Coupling Higgs Self Coupling Baur, Plehn, Rainwater HH W+ W- W+ W- jj jj

Find the Higgs? If the H mass is known, then the SM H potential is completely known HH prediction. If H is found, measure self-couplings, but ultimately SLHC is needed. The plan is for 10x increase in luminosity ~ 2013. Given the needed R&D time, work on the new detectors needed for the SLHC must start very soon.


Detector EnvironmentDetector Environment

LHC SLHC

s 14 TeV 14 TeVL 1034 1035

100 1000

Bunch spacing dt 25 ns 12.5 ns

N( interactions/x-ing) ~ 12 ~ 62 dNch/d per x-ing ~ 75 ~ 375

Tracker occupancy 1 5Pile-up noise 1 ~2.2Dose central region 1 10

Bunch spacing reduced 2x. Interactions/crossing increased 5 x. Pileup noise increased by 2.2x if crossings are time resolvable. Tenfold L increase comes from dt, *, and p/bunch.

2/( sec)cm 2/( sec)cm 1 /fb yr 1 /fb yr

Ldt


Heavy Ion ProgramHeavy Ion Program

In heavy ion (HI) runs the particle density is ~ 5000 for Pb-Pb. Good study for detector “headroom” w.r.t. SLHC.


HI – Tracker StudyHI – Tracker Study

|| < 0.7

Efficiency Fakes

The CMS tracker has sufficient headroom to operate in the HI environment.


Tracker – Ionizing DoseTracker – Ionizing DoseThe ionizing dose due to charged particles is:

The dose depends only on luminosity, r, and exposure time .

For example, at r = 20 cm, the dose is ~3 Mrad/yr – ignoring “loopers”, interactions, …. “naïve” expectation.

2[ / ( ' )] /[2 ]I c mipID dE d x r


Tracker ID vs. RadiusTracker ID vs. Radius

100

101

102

103

10-1

100

101

102

103 Ionizing Dose in Tracker for 10 35 L and 1 Year

r(cm)

Dos

e(M

rad)

naive

1 2 3

Define 3 regions. With 10x increase in L, need a ~ 3x change in radius to preserve an existing technology.


Crossing ID: CMS HB Pulse Shape Crossing ID: CMS HB Pulse Shape

100 GeV electrons. 25ns bins. Average pulse shape, phased +1ns to LHC clock. Bunch ID at 12.5 nsec OK


HI - Jet ReconstructionHI - Jet Reconstruction

Full jet reconstruction in central Pb-Pb collision HIJING, dNch/dy = 5000HIJING, dNch/dy = 5000

Efficiency, purity Measured jet energy Jet energy resolution


ECAL – Shower DoseECAL – Shower DoseThe dose in ECAL is ~ due to photon showers and is:

In the barrel, SD is ~ . In the endcap, SD ~

At r = 1.2 m, for Pb with Ec = 7.4 MeV, the dose at y=0 is 3.3 Mrad/yr, at |y|=1.5 it is 7.8 Mrad/yr.

2sin[ / ( ' )] [

s

/ ] /[2 ]

( / 2)[ / ]in

I o mip T c

T c

SD dE d x p E

ID p

r

E

2/[ sin ]r 32 2 3/[ ] ~ ( / )z z e


HCAL and ECAL DoseHCAL and ECAL Dose

0 1 2 3 4 510

-2

10-1

100

101

102

103 Dose in ECAL and HCAL for L = 1035 and One Year

Dos

e(M

rad)

Barrel doses are not a problem. For the endcaps a technology change may be needed for 2 < |y| < 3 for the CMS HCAL. Switch to quartz fiber as in HF?

naive

ecal

hcal


HCAL - CoverageHCAL - Coverage

VBF and “tag” jets are important for calorimetry. Reduced forward coverage to compensate for 10x L is not too damaging to “tag jet” efficiency, SD ~ 1/3 ~ e3


Muons and ShieldingMuons and ShieldingThere is factor ~ 5 in headroom at design L. With added shielding, dose rates can be kept constant if angular coverage goes from |y|<2.4 to |y|<2.

2/( sec)n cm

r

r

z


L1 Trigger at 10L1 Trigger at 103535 ? ?Muons are ~ clean. Issue of low momentum muons from b jets. Jets are ~ clean. ECAL jets are mostly “garbage” need tracker to make big L1 improvements. Rutherford scattering ~ 1/PT

3 at low momentumSimply scale thresholds? Or migrate Tracking into L1 trigger at the SLHC.

L = 1034 L = 1035

20 GeV 40 GeV

5 7.5

J 250 540

J*MET 113*70 170*100


Summary and ConclusionsSummary and ConclusionsLHC experiments are designed for discovery at the new energy frontier

The detectors are nearing completion and commissioning has begun

Discoveries will come early because energy matters. The experiments must be ready on day one.

It is not just the quick discovery. With the SLHC the program (new spectroscopy ?) at the energy frontier will span decades.


The CMS CollaborationThe CMS Collaboration

1976 Physicists and Engineers 36 Countries 153 Institutions

Slovak Republic

CERN

France

Italy

UK

Switzerland

USA

Austria

Finland

Greece

Hungary

Belgium

Poland

Portugal

SpainPakistan

Georgia

Armenia

UkraineUzbekistan

CyprusCroatia

China, PR

TurkeyBelarus

EstoniaIndia

Germany

Korea

Russia

Bulgaria

China (Taiwan)

Iran

Serbia

New-Zealand

Brazil

Ireland

1005

528

443

1976

Member States

Non-Member States

Total

USA

Number ofScientists

59

38

153

Member States

Total

USA

56Non-Member States

Number ofLaboratories

Associated Institutes

Number of ScientistsNumber of Laboratories

7310

April, 05 2004/gmhttp://cmsdoc.cern.ch/pictures/cmsorg/overview.html


CMS – SC and MBCMS – SC and MB


US CMS – 38 +1 GroupsUS CMS – 38 +1 GroupsPhysicists - PD + Faculty, 282 Total

Boston University

University of California, Davis

University of California, LosAngelesUniversity of California,RiversideUniversity of California, SanDiegoUniversity of California, SantaBarbaraCalifornia Institute ofTechnologyCarnegie Mellon University

Fairfield University

Fermi National AcceleratorLaboratoryUniversity of Florida

Florida InternationalUniversityFlorida State University

Florida Institute ofTechnologyUniversity of Illinois atChicagoUniversity of Iowa

Iowa State University

Johns Hopkins University

University of Kansas

Kansas State University

University of Maryland

Massachusetts Institute ofTechnologyUniversity of Minnesota

University of Mississippi

University of Nebraska-LincolnNortheastern University

Northwestern University

University of Notre Dame

Ohio State University

Princeton University

Purdue University

Rice University

University of Rochester

Rutgers University

Texas Tech University

Virginia Polytechnic Instituteand State UniversityUniversity of Wisconsin

Yale University


US CMS GroupsUS CMS Groups


PMP – L2 ManagersPMP – L2 Managers

Fiscal Authority

Policy & reporting

Liaison

Fermilab Deputy Director

HCAL L2M

ECAL L2M

TRIG L2M

EMU L2M

FPIX L2M

Outreach IB

HCAL IB

DAQ IB

TRIG IB

EMU IB

FPIX IB

US CMS Advisory Board

US CMS Collaboration Board

US CMS Collaboration Board Chair

US CMS Project Office

(Fermilab)

Project Manager -Deputy Project Manager -Budget Officer -Resource Manager -Administrative Support

Education Outreach

US CMS NSF Project Office (Northeastern Univ.)

NSF Administrator (PI) - Admin. Support

SiTrkr L2M

DAQ L2M

ECAL IB

SiTrkr IB

US CMS CERN Project Office CERN Administrator

Com Proj L2M

Project Management

Group

DOE/NSF Joint Oversight

Group ---------------------------------

U.S. LHC Program ---------------------------------

U.S. LHC Project


WBS for US CMS WBS for US CMS

WBS 5.-FPIX(NW)

WBS 4.-ECAL(UMinn)

WBS 1. -EMU(UW)

WBS -2.HCAL(UM)

WS 6.-CP

(UW,FNAL)

WBS 3.-

Trigger (UW)

DAQ(FNAL)

1. Endcap Muon -Cathode Strip Chambers

2. Hadron Calorimeter - full HB, HOB, HE and HF transducers and readout.-HE scint, HF QP fibers

3.Endcap muon and calorimeter trigger. DAQ filter

4. Electromagnetic Calorimeter - barrel transducers, front end electronics, and laser monitor

5. Forward pixels

6. Common Projects - endcap yoke, barrel cryostat and superconductor

7. Project office

8. Si Tracker – full TOBWBS 8. -Si Trkr(UCSB)


One Page SummaryOne Page Summary

WBS schedule saturates BA – go as fast as possible. Initial contingency level was 43 %. TPC is capped. Lag in work performed (reporting?) and in actuals (delayed invoicing). Close completed tasks after 1 year.

US CMS Detector Project

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Se

p-9

6

Se

p-9

7

Se

p-9

8

Se

p-9

9

Se

p-0

0

Se

p-0

1

Se

p-0

2

Se

p-0

3

Se

p-0

4

Se

p-0

5

AY

M$

BCWS

BCWP

ACWP

EAC

TPC

BA


HEPAP Survey – Ramp UpHEPAP Survey – Ramp Up

US CMS Survey

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 >FY07

FT

E

Grad Students

Postdocs

Faculty

CERN – US CMS #

= faculty + PD

(total interest not FTE)


CMS - USC 55CMS - USC 55

13 April 2004 – USC55 Cavern

Delivery estimatedfor 1 June 2004. Can be accommodated in v34.0 leading to ready for crates on 15 Jul 2005.

3 shifts runningunderground withup to 200 workers

Contractors areanxious to finishpt 5 work asap.


CMS - Experimental CavernsCMS - Experimental Caverns

Experiment: UXC55 ready July 04

Service : USC55 ready Jan 04


CMS – Si TrackerCMS – Si Tracker

Layer 4&1 Backward

All TIB layers completed: L1, L2, L3 and L4 (F/B).Surveyed TIB layers: L1B and L4F/B.Layer 3 Proto: ready for module integration.

Layer 4&3 Forward

Layer 3 Proto ready


Dipole InstallationDipole Installation

Jan., 2004


US LHC - IR QuadUS LHC - IR Quad

US involved in next generation (SLHC) low quads


CMS: 1CMS: 1stst Coil Module at CERN-SX5 Coil Module at CERN-SX5

World’s largest electro-magnet. 4T field. Calorimetry is inside.


SX5 and Pit-head Cover SX5 and Pit-head Cover

cover completecover complete

first closing testfirst closing testlater this month.later this month.

SX5 Jura wallSX5 Jura wallremoval this removal this summer summer


Mass “Reach” and LMass “Reach” and LThe number of Z’ detected in leptonic decays is:

For , if N = 100 is discovery level then M ~ 5.3 TeV is ~ the mass “reach” in 1 year (M=4 -> 5.3 TeV).

The leptons will be sharply limited to low |y| or large angles (“barrel”).

2

/

2{ [ } ( )( ) [ /8 ]( )]x M sW xu x xu x MN B e e y

11[ ( ) ( )] 0.36 (1 )xu x xu x x x


HI TrackingHI Tracking

Match Reconstructed tracks to MC input on a hit by hit basis.

(Event sample: dn/dy ~3000 + one 100GeV Jet/Event)

pT/pT < 1%

|| < 0.7


The Algorithm – HI TrackingThe Algorithm – HI TrackingAdapted from default p+p reconstruction.

Based on Kalman Filter (ORCA_6_3_0) Modifications to the p+p Algorithm:1) Trajectory Seed Generation

Three pixel hit combinations compatible with primary event vertex

2) Trajectory BuildingSpecial error assignment to merged hits

3) Trajectory cleaningAllow only one track per trajectory seed

4) Trajectory Smoothing Final fit with split stereo layers

Code is currently frozen and prepared for release


HI, dN/dy ~5000HI, dN/dy ~5000

Charged particle spectra can be reconstructed for pT>1GeV (“loopers” are lost)

Lower cutoff possible with reduced field


Preparing for the PhysicsPreparing for the PhysicsTest beam work continues – calibration, low momentumOptical alignment, construction constants – databasesTrigger and DAQ studies at low and high luminosity.Initial physics run studies with 10 fb-1 - LHC Symposium.Grid Computing – hierarchical structure, Tier 0 – Tier 1 and Tier 2.Core Computing and SoftwareData Challenges – incremental, DC04 = 25% bandwidth


US CMSUS CMS387 Members from 38 Institutions387 Members from 38 Institutions

US CMSUS CMS387 Members from 38 Institutions387 Members from 38 Institutions

US is the single largest national group in CMS. US is distributed widely over universities in CMS. There are 50 distinct groups working on US CMS L2 subsystems.


US LHC Construction ProjectsUS LHC Construction Projects

The 531 M$ investment in US LHC construction has been wisely used. The Projects are on schedule (for 2005 ~ completion) and on budget. Next step is to use the time before 2007 to prepare for the physics – commissioning and preops in SX5 – more “slice” tests.

US CMS - Total Cost and Scheduled Cost

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Sep

-96

Sep

-97

Sep

-98

Sep

-99

Sep

-00

Sep

-01

Sep

-02

Sep

-03

Sep

-04

Sep

-05

AY

(M$) Scheduled

Total

Documents

SLHC, Cornell Oct. 6, 2004 1 SLHC and CMS LHC Upgrades Dan Green US CMS Program Manager Fermilab October 6, 2004