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SleepSleep
►What time do you sleep last night?What time do you sleep last night?
► If you don’t have enough time to If you don’t have enough time to sleep, how do you feel?sleep, how do you feel?
Why do we need sleep?Why do we need sleep?
►energy conservationenergy conservation
►predator avoidancepredator avoidance
►body restorationbody restoration
►memory consolidation Q: what memory consolidation Q: what else?else?
TopicTopic
►Today’s topic is about sleep pathways aToday’s topic is about sleep pathways and teenagers’ sleep disorder, later we wind teenagers’ sleep disorder, later we will talk some sleep diseases which are familll talk some sleep diseases which are familiar to publics, such as insomnia, iar to publics, such as insomnia, nnarcolepsy, sleep apnea. arcolepsy, sleep apnea.
Why students sleepy in the Why students sleepy in the morning?morning?
►The news showed that colleague The news showed that colleague students are sleepy in the morning students are sleepy in the morning classes.classes.
►Some experts think it is a problem that Some experts think it is a problem that teenagers’ sleep time different from the teenagers’ sleep time different from the adults.adults.
►There are more possible reasons, like There are more possible reasons, like hard studying, late sleep, no hard studying, late sleep, no breakfast……breakfast……
How much sleep time do we How much sleep time do we need? need?
Sleep PathwaysSleep Pathways
►How do we get into sleep? Scientists find How do we get into sleep? Scientists find that it depends on the neurotransmitters that it depends on the neurotransmitters released. The main reaction released. The main reaction neurotransmitters are serotonin and neurotransmitters are serotonin and melatonin.melatonin.
► serotonin melatoninserotonin melatonin
Serotonin Serotonin
► It is a kind of neurotransmitters which madIt is a kind of neurotransmitters which made by the place called Raphe Nudeus(e by the place called Raphe Nudeus( 縫核縫核 ). ).
►When serotonin increase, the person can bWhen serotonin increase, the person can be feel more comfortable, emotion insensitie feel more comfortable, emotion insensitive, and change the ve, and change the body temperaturebody temperature..
►Serotonin levels are highest in the brain steSerotonin levels are highest in the brain stem when you are awake and active, and almm when you are awake and active, and almost completely absent when we enter REM ost completely absent when we enter REM sleep, the deepest stage of sleep. sleep, the deepest stage of sleep.
melatoninmelatonin
►During sleep, the body's level of During sleep, the body's level of melatonin rises sharply. melatonin rises sharply.
► Its synthesis in the pineal gland, which Its synthesis in the pineal gland, which is powered by serotonin. is powered by serotonin.
►While light increases the production of While light increases the production of serotonin, darkness spurs on the serotonin, darkness spurs on the synthesis of melatonin.synthesis of melatonin.
How to increasing SerotoninHow to increasing Serotonin
►The text also claims that repetitive motionThe text also claims that repetitive motions like chewing gum or knitting can help ins like chewing gum or knitting can help increase serotonin. crease serotonin. Exercising Exercising and exposurand exposure to bright light also increase serotonin pre to bright light also increase serotonin production, particularly during the winter. oduction, particularly during the winter.
QuestionQuestion
►What would you do when you are What would you do when you are sleepy but can not sleep?sleepy but can not sleep?
►The methods above really work?The methods above really work?
REMREM
►REM is the abbreviation of Rapid eye REM is the abbreviation of Rapid eye movement movement
►The first step when get into sleepThe first step when get into sleep► Can consolidate the memory, so a Can consolidate the memory, so a
student needs sufficient sleep to student needs sufficient sleep to produce long-term memoryproduce long-term memory
Non-REMNon-REM
►The deeper sleep stepThe deeper sleep step► In this situation, the brain wave tend In this situation, the brain wave tend
to be slowerto be slower►Make the protein body needed Make the protein body needed ►General speaking, In the REM and Non-General speaking, In the REM and Non-
REM condition the skeletal muscle has REM condition the skeletal muscle has no functionno function
Sleep CycleSleep Cycle
►SCN SCN 視丘下神經核視丘下神經核 (suprachiasmatic nucle(suprachiasmatic nucleus) plays an important roleus) plays an important role
►The time cycle depend on the three proteiThe time cycle depend on the three proteins’ combination and degradationns’ combination and degradation
►Rat experiment Rat experiment
QuestionQuestion
►Do you have some brilliant idea after Do you have some brilliant idea after knowing the secret of sleep?knowing the secret of sleep?
Sleep diseasesSleep diseases
► insomnia(insomnia( 失眠症失眠症 ))
►narcolepsy(narcolepsy( 猝睡症猝睡症 ))
►sleep apnea(sleep apnea( 打鼾打鼾 ))
InsomniaInsomnia► Transient insomnia may be caused by another disTransient insomnia may be caused by another dis
order, by changes in the sleep environment, by thorder, by changes in the sleep environment, by the timing of sleep, severe depression, or by stress. e timing of sleep, severe depression, or by stress.
► Chronic insomnia longer than a month even can bChronic insomnia longer than a month even can be a primary disorder, caused by e a primary disorder, caused by muscular muscular fatigue, hallucinations, and/or mental fatigue. fatigue, hallucinations, and/or mental fatigue.
► The patients of chronic insomnia often show The patients of chronic insomnia often show increased alertness. increased alertness.
► The therapies mainly categorize to Non-The therapies mainly categorize to Non-pharmacological and pharmacological. The pharmacological and pharmacological. The former is better. former is better.
NarcolepsyNarcolepsy
►A syndrome has multiple symptoms A syndrome has multiple symptoms related with the gene descendingrelated with the gene descending
►the symptoms contain excessive the symptoms contain excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, regular daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, regular sleep paralysis, and sleep disturbancesleep paralysis, and sleep disturbance
►No complete therapy No complete therapy
Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea
►Normal troubleNormal trouble►Caused by the extra tissue in the air tubeCaused by the extra tissue in the air tube►ResultResult oxygen level decrease during oxygen level decrease during
the sleep the sleep ►Therapies: losing weight, stopping Therapies: losing weight, stopping
smoking, pharmacological treatment smoking, pharmacological treatment or just having a surgery to widen the or just having a surgery to widen the airway by removing some tissueairway by removing some tissue
Does gene relate to the Does gene relate to the sleep?sleep?
►The answer is yesThe answer is yes
►The gene DEC2 is a transcript factor, The gene DEC2 is a transcript factor, related to the sleep cyclerelated to the sleep cycle
►The mutated gene hDEC2 let people The mutated gene hDEC2 let people average sleep time decrease from 8.06 average sleep time decrease from 8.06 to 6.25 in the experiment of a caseto 6.25 in the experiment of a case
Something else…Something else…
►Sleep cycle is also related to Sleep cycle is also related to adenosine, and may pathways not adenosine, and may pathways not clearclear
►There are lots of questions needed we There are lots of questions needed we to resolveto resolve
Question Question
►After knowing the knowledge about After knowing the knowledge about sleep, what the reasons do you think sleep, what the reasons do you think that students are sleepy in the that students are sleepy in the morning?morning?
►We can select what kinds of methods We can select what kinds of methods to increase the sleep quality? to increase the sleep quality?
►Thank for your attention Thank for your attention
