Slavery and Abolition

8.2

Slavery became an explosive issue, as Southerners increasingly defended it, while Northerners increasingly attacked it.

In addition, the abolition movement gained momentum in attempting to end slavery.

Main Idea

Abolition William Lloyd

Garrison Frederick

Douglass

Abolitionists Speak Out

Definition - movement to outlaw slavery that gained momentum in the 1830s

Aboltionist Movement

Abolition

white abolitionist and newspaper editor in Boston, Massachusetts◦ In 1831, he began

publishing The Liberator, a newspaper that called for immediate, uncompensated emancipation (freeing of slaves)

◦ In 1833, he started the American Anti-Slavery Society, a group of white and black members who were committed to ending slavery

William Lloyd Garrison

American abolitionist and escaped slave from Maryland who became a public speaker for the American Anti-Slavery Society

• Eventually published his own newspaper, The Northstar

Frederick Douglass

U.S. had 2 million slaves by 1830, and by 1860, the U.S. had 4 million slaves

Most slaves had been born in the U.S., spoke English, and worked on plantations

Marriage allowed but not legally protected by law

Life Under Slavery

Plantation (rural) slavery◦ Slaves worked from

dawn until dusk in the fields

◦ A white overseer or slave driver was placed in charge of work crews to make sure slaves worked throughout the day

Plantation Slavery

some skilled jobs in cities were opened up for slaves◦ Mill work, shipping,

carpentry, blacksmithing

◦ Slave owners hired out their slaves to factory owners

Urban Slavery

Stono Rebellion Gabriel Prosser Denmark Vesey Nat Turner’s

Rebellion

Slave Rebellions

(1739) – 20 slaves in South Carolina tried to escape to Spanish controlled Florida◦ all were captured

and killed, then beheaded

Sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy

Stono Rebellion

Stono Rebellion

(1800) – plotted to take over Richmond, Virginia◦ Captured and killed

Gabriel Prosser

(1820) – plotted to take over Charleston, South Carolina◦ He and his followers

were captured and killed before they rebelled

Denmark Vesey

(1831) – 80 slaves in Virginia attacked several plantations, killing 60 whites◦ State militia

captured Turner and his followers

◦ Put on trial, convicted, and hanged

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

white on black violence erupted (200 blacks killed)

southern whites determined to defend the institution of slavery

slave codes – state laws passed to restrict slaves’ activities

Significance of the Slave Rebellions

Women and Reform

8.3

At the same time the abolitionist and temperance movements grew, another reform movement to give equal rights to women took root. This became known as the women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement.

Main Idea

cult of domesticity – def. – dominant idea of the 1800s that married women were restricted to housework and child care◦ no political rights for

women – no right to vote

Women’s Roles in the Mid-1800s

abolition movement

education movement

temperance movement

Women became socially active in the mid-1800’s

women became active in trying to abolish slavery

Abolition movement

women became active in pushing for more educational opportunities for women

Education movement

women became active in trying to prohibit the drinking of alcohol

Temperance movement

Significance - all of these social movements provided women with the opportunity to become active outside of the home, which helped lead to the push for increased rights

Womens Role in the Mid-1800’s

Susan B. Anthony

Seneca Falls Convention

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women’s Rights Movement Emerges

◦ Became a leading advocate for women’s suffrage in the mid to late 1800s

◦ Along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, founded NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association) in 1890

Susan B. Anthony

(1848) – women’s right convention held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott◦ Women there drafted the “Declaration of Sentiments”

to call for increased women’s rights including the right to vote Based on the Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women

are created equal.”

Seneca Falls Convention

◦ Attended an anti-slavery convention in Great Britain (1840) where women were discriminated against

◦ Decided to form a women’s rights convention and establish a women’s rights movement

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Quiz SOL Wrap Up

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