SLAC: Present and Future David B. MacFarlane Assistant Director, Particle and Particle Astrophysics (PPA) Directorate Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting

SLAC: Present and Future

David B. MacFarlaneAssistant Director, Particle and

Particle Astrophysics (PPA) Directorate

Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the SLAC Users Organization

SLAC: Present and Future 2

SLAC’s changing role

Research directions are evolving dramaticallyo Balance of program elements and focus of effort are changing in

substantial ways, following the imperative of fundamental physics questions that need to be addressed

Photon science is rapidly expanding with LCLS and SPEAR3

o In 2009, the major onsite accelerator-based facilities will both be primarily serving photon science

Particle physics & particle astrophysics will remain an essential part of SLAC as a national laboratory

o Will no longer be centered on a forefront onsite acceleratoro Will most certainly be serving a broad national and international

user community• Exploitation of the unprecedented BABAR data set• TeV-scale physics at the LHC and the ILC• Particle astrophysics at GLAST, LSST, and SNAP• Major non-accelerator efforts such as EXO

o Will continue to pursue a vibrant accelerator research program


SLAC photon science future

X-Rays have opened the Ultra-Small World—Realm of SPEAR3—Operating Now

o 1012 photons/sec from high brightness undulatoro Energies ranging from 400 eV to 40 keV o 50 ps pulse lengtho limited coherence at x-ray wavelengths

X-ray Lasers will open the Ultra-Small and Ultra-Fast Worlds—Realm of LCLS—First Light 2009

o 1012 photons/pulseo Energies from 800 eV to 9 keVo 200 fs pulse length at commissioning, evolving to 10-30 fs within

1-2 yearso Fully coherent at x-ray wavelengths


SPEAR3—a new machine


At turn-on in 2009: LCLS will be the world’s first X-ray laser

Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)


LCLS: remarkable opportunities for discovery Femtochemistry and

biology Nanostructured materials Atomic physics Plasmas and warm dense

matter Imaging of nanoclusters

and single biomolecules X-ray laser physics


Overview of Particle Physics and Particle Astrophysics Program


Exciting but challenging times

Excitemento The Standard Model is fabulously successful, but…

• Dark Matter and Dark Energy make up 95% of the Universe• We don’t understand why the Universe is matter dominated • We don’t understand the fundamental nature of the neutrino

o Compelling questions confront us• Within this decade tools coming on line to make progress in

our understanding• Developing tools for discovery in the next decade

Challengeo Premier US HEP accelerators will turn off by the end of the

decade and the frontiers of HEP will be off shoreo Long term health and future of the field of HEP relies on ILC

• Not a certainty! Timescale for physics end of next decadeo Need to balance near, medium and long term priorities of the

field


SLAC particle & astrophysics future

Successful completion of B-Factory programo Highest priority for SLAC PPA Directorate

Physics at the energy frontiero ILC, LHC, and fundamental accelerator research

Investigations of dark matter and dark energy o GLAST, LSST, and SNAP

Investigation of fundamental nature of the neutrinoo EXO-200 and full EXO observatory

All elements supported by strong program of theoretical investigations


Timelines for program elements

Science in the near future (now to 2012)o BABAR operations to 9/2008, physics exploitation through

2012 or beyondo GLAST launch and science exploitation (2007-2012/2017)o TeV-scale physics at LHC with Atlas and LARPo Proof-of-principle experiments in accelerator research

R&D for mid-term physics (2012 and beyond)o R&D for the ILC and LCDo Development of the LSST CCD camera designo Construction and operation of EXO-200 & development of

Ba++ tagging for full EXOo Contributions to SNAP

R&D for long-term future (2020 and beyond)o High-gradient accelerator program with SABERo Frontier accelerator research: laser, plasma-based

techniques

SLAC: Present and Future 12BABAR & PEP-II See talks by Hassan

Jawahery, Denis Dujmic


B-Factory physics program

Present and future physics goalso Highly constrained and redundant set of precision tests of

weak interactions in the Standard Model• Legacy of fundamental constraints on future New Physics

discoverieso Searches for physics beyond the Standard Model

• Sensitivity to New Physics at LHC mass scaleso Potential for discovery from large data sample across range of

heavy quark and lepton flavor, two-photon and ISR physics B-Factory program operates until end of FY2008

o Final upgrades to machine and detector during fall 06 shutdown

Ultimate goal: deliver to BABAR ~1ab-1 by end of FY2008

SLAC is committed to delivering B Factory luminosity


PEP-II luminosity records


0

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Jul-99

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Projected BABAR data sample growthIn

teg

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d L

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inosit

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Lpeak = 9x1033

o PEP-II: 9xIR-2 vacuum chambers (including 2xnew Q1/Q2 bellows), 2xrf stations, BPM work, feedback systems

o BABAR: LST installation4-month down for

LCLS, PEP-II & BABAR

Double data set from 2006 to

2008

ICHEP08


Longer-term plans for BABAR

Post data-taking phase beyond 2008o Physics analysis will continue at a vigorous rate for 2-3

years after end of data taking• Analogous to physics produced from summer 2004 data

o Data sample will offer a long-term legacy beyond this, with an expectation that analysis will continue at a reduced level well into the next decade

Ideas for Super B Factories are vigorously pursuedo Physics case based on sensitivity to new physics in beauty,

charm and tau sectors, as a complement to LHC discoverieso Mature Super KEKB proposal to upgrade KEKB to 4-8x1035

o INFN moving to prepare a design concept based on linear collider ideas for a new very high luminosity facility (>1x1036)


Planning for FY09 Transition

In FY09, the B Factory will stop operations & LCLS will startupo The challenge we face between now and 2009 is the

balancing B Factory and LCLS priorities • Issue was a focus at B Factory operations review this

springo We recognize this challenge, which is receiving active and

aggressive management

Transition planning well underwayo Laboratory model for support of LCLS operations by OS/Basic

Energy Sciences has been developed under leadership of Persis Drell and Keith Hodgson

o Subject of a review this week by Office of Science

Laboratory will grow between now and end of the decade

SLAC: Present and Future 18Atlas at the LHC


The Energy Frontier: LHC

Participation in LHC accelerator research program (LARP)o Designing collimators for LHC & LHC upgrades

SLAC now a member of Atlaso Four major areas of participation identified working closely

with our Atlas university and laboratory colleagueso Growing efforts in HLT and DAQ, pixel detectors and

tracking, GEANT4 and simulation, already having impacto Proposal for Tier 2 Center accepted and already being

implemented• Supported by all west coast Atlas institutions and US

Atlas community• Partnering with UCSC and LBNL to develop a strong

west coast hub for Atlas physics exploitation


Arguments for SLAC entry into Atlas Allows exploitation of the physics synergy between

LHC and ILC at the energy frontiero Direct involvement in both is best path to gaining a first-hand

understanding of the full physics opportunityo ILC approval is now also tied to the initial outcome of LHC and its

potential for new physics discovery After BABAR data taking & before physics at the ILC,

there will be a significant gap in accelerator-based HEPo Joining LHC an obvious way of maintaining & developing a healthy

work force for ILC, by continuing to attract the best young people to SLAC

Responds to the needs of our user communityo Supports traditional SLAC-University partnerships, now in the

commissioning, operation, and physics exploitation of the LHCo Provides an avenue for other University user groups to join the

LHC, while also working on BABAR, for example


SLAC areas of involvement

With advice from Atlas and US Atlas managements, and many US/Atlas users, identified 4 related areas of initial contribution:

o Pixel detector commissioning and calibration, based on experience at Mark II, SLD, & BABAR

o Higher level trigger, building on extensive SLD & BABAR expertise

o Core and Atlas-specific GEANT4 simulation o Tier 2 computing center & eventually a west-coast physics center

in partnership with LBNL, UCSC, and the larger Atlas user community

Roles are connected to each other, to our physics interests, and to our user community

Consistent with likely roles on ILC detector as wellAll areas with unique strengths at SLAC matched to a national

laboratory role


Western Tier 2 center at SLAC Proposing to be a premier Tier 2 center = simulation,

calibration & detector studies, and physics analysis o Good data access and strong technical support is crucial for

analysiso Proposal supported and developed in conjunction with LBNL,

Arizona, UCSC, UCI, Oregon, Wisconsin Madison, & Washington Will leverage existing & planned investments for BABAR

o Investment level about 25% of typical BABAR computing needso Proven management tools and scalable infrastructureo “Lights out” no operator 24x7 operation for last 10 yearso Common CPU pool with BABAR can benefit both experiments by

exploiting staggered peak usageo One incremental FTE systems/operations support person from Tier

A; remainder of support directed to hardware purchases SLAC, in partnership with LBNL & UCSC, will help support

a vibrant west coast center for physics on Atlaso Many common interests in Atlas: pixel and inner detector

tracking/alignment, trigger and event simulation, & physics analysiso User facilities exist to house many visitors on siteo New mode for HEP that we are keen to develop with our users


ILC Detector

ILCILC DetectorDetector

ILC machine & detector

See talks by Barry Barish, Jim Brau


The Energy Frontier: ILC & LCD

Committed to the ILC as highest priority new facility for international particle physics

o Broadly involved in all aspects of the ILC machine design and development

o Partnering with university community in developing concept for detector

Major focus of SLAC ILC effort as part of GDE coordinated effort

o RF power sources, operational issues, particle sources, beam delivery system, machine-detector interface and instrumentation

Developing ILC detector concept in partnership with university community

o Focus on R&D for silicon tracking, particle-flow calorimetry, detector simulation, and overall detector concept


The ILC effort at SLAC

Large and broad effort: 60 FTEs made up of about 80 people

Four areas of major focuso RF power sources (modulators, klystrons, RF distribution)

• Builds on core SLAC strengtho Operational issues (highly available hardware, beam

instrumentation, beam tuning techniques, and Machine Protection System)

• Builds on experience from SLC and X-band R&D programo Particle sources (Polarized electron source and Positron source)o Beam delivery system and Machine-Detector Interface

• Particle sources and Beam Delivery System utilize experience from the SLC and R&D for the X-band linear collider

• SLAC has led these efforts for the linear collider over the last decade


LCD overall strategy

Factors driving development timelineo Technical requirements require significant large-scale R&D

to realize beyond state-of-the-art performance, e.g., from particle-flow calorimetry

o GDE pursues an aggressive TDR goal by 2009o Scale of European R&D effort significantly larger: Need to

increase US effort to maintain intellectual leadership consistent with EPP2010 report

Strive to develop coherent detector design SiD with US and international partnerso Allows exploration of overall constraints and optimization o Key element is particle-flow calorimetry, requiring dense,

highly segmented SiW electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry

o High magnetic field, compact tracking follow from cost considerations

30%/ E


EXO: Enriched Xenon ObservatoryEXO: Enriched Xenon Observatory


Neutrinos—EXO

Determining fundamental nature of neutrino with search for bb0n decay in 136Xe --> 136Ba+

+e-e-

o What is absolute mass scale for neutrinos?o Is the neutrino its own antiparticle?

Strategy:o Currently building EXO 200 for installation at end of year

• Study detector performance (no Ba++ tagging)• Sensitivity of ~0.2 eV to 0 mode

o Continue R&D on Ba++ tagging for next 2-3 years

Successful R&D would lead to proposal for full EXO (ton scale experiment)o EXO goal: <m(e)>~10’s of meV

SLAC: Present and Future 29Accelerator ResearchAccelerator Research

See talk by Patric Muggli, John Seeman


The energy frontier: accelerator research Push the envelope with operating accelerators

o Supporting PEP-II and flavor factories worldwide Study beam physics and develop accelerator

technology for next generation facilitieso ILC, future multi-TeV linear colliders & high gradient research

Push the state-of-the-art in computational toolso Bridging the gap between theory and technology

Explore advanced accelerator research in collaboration with university communityo Laser accelerationo Plasma wakefield acceleration

Exploit unique facilitieso Final-focus test beam (FFTB & soon SABER)o NLC Test Accelerator (NLCTA)


FFTB final experiments

Final FFTB running shared between SppS and Plasma wake-field experiment (E167)

o End of the line for spectacular facilityo Disassembled to make way for LCLS

Spectacular results from final E167 runo Demonstrated 42GeV of acceleration in 1.2m column of plasmao Highest energy electrons ever made at SLAC

SABER (FFTB replacement) in developmento White paper outlining science case 11/05o Workshop with community 2/06o In discussions with DOE about funding and timeline

SLAC: Present and Future 32Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology

SNAP

GLAST

LSST

See talks by Roger Blandford, Ted Baltz, Tom

Abel


Instrumentation, data analysis, particle astrophysics, relativity, computational astrophysics,observational cosmology, theoretical cosmology…

Founded 2003Director: Roger BlandfordDeputy Director: Steve Kahn~120 membersTwo new buildings, labs

KIPAC is a major new opportunity for the SLAC user community

Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology


Particle astrophysics and cosmology Tremendous scientific opportunities to explore

the dark universe, recognized as priority by EPP2010

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)o Best matched instrument for ground-based weak lensing

measurements to use dark matter to map properties of dark energy

o Focus on development of CCD camera & corresponding DAQ challenges as well matched ot HEP experience

Participation in Joint Dark Energy Missiono Partnering under leadership of LBNL in the SNAP concept

Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)o Moving towards launch in fall 2007, with growing understanding

of GLAST’s role in dark matter campaigno Center for scientific program (ISOC) based at SLAC


GLAST instrument status

Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) continues to march towards launch

o Growing understanding of GLAST’s role in dark matter campaign

• Baltz, Battaglia and Peskin; hep-ph/0602187

Instrument is fully assembled o Shipped from SLAC in Mayo Instrument level environmental

tests in conducted at NRL Environmental testing

completed! On track for Fall 2007 launch

o In transit to be mated with launch vehicle


Summary of SLAC program

An array of fundamental physics questions challenge our understanding of nature and the universe

o EPP2010 maps out a strategy of leadership for the US program in addressing these questions

o Central elements of this strategy are:• Full exploitation of the LHC• Development and eventually hosting of the ILC in the US• Pursuit of particle astrophysics experiments (GLAST, LSST,

SNAP), a new round of coordinated neutrino experiments (EXO), full exploitation of BABAR and possible further exploration at Super B Factories

SLAC PPA program recognized early on these scientific directions, as is already well aligned with national priorities

o Actively planning a transition from onsite accelerator-based frontier research at BABAR to a portfolio involving major contributions to the international program at Atlas, SiD, and EXO, astro-particle physics (GLAST, LSST, SNAP) and potentially elsewhere

o Science has and will continue to be the driver for this program, with SLAC continuing its role a strong partner and national user facility

Backup Slides


To PSD In FY09

Consolidated after launch

Programs will grow

Resources will redistribute between programs

Documents

SLAC: Present and Future David B. MacFarlane Assistant Director, Particle and Particle Astrophysics (PPA) Directorate Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting