SkyTrain Cost Analysis

8/2/2019 SkyTrain Cost Analysis

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Actual SkyTrain costs

Cost reported of 4km Surrey SkyTrain extension (1989) without trains:

$127 million in 1989 dollars, $205 million in 2011 dollars $51.4 million per km in 2011 dollars for the guideways and stations Assuming a station cost of $20 million (Surrey Rapid Transit Study document) and 3 new stations,

track guideway and signalling was built at a cost of $145 million

Track and guideway cost - $36.25 million per kmCost reported of 20 Mk I SkyTrain cars in 1994 for new Expo extension:

$47.84 million in 1989 dollars, $65.45 million in 2011 dollars $3.27 million per car in 2011 dollars These numbers already include interest during construction by %, escalation by %, etc. little-no

indirect costs are assumed because SkyTrain does not interfere with ground-level ROW.

Modern cost of a Bombardier ART 200 vehicle for four-car trains (including A, B and C cars [C cars

are centre cars that do not contain driver controls and other such equipment])

Approx. $1.9 million per car ($7.7 million per 4-car train) based on actual costs of an order byKuala Lumpurs PUTRA for the Kelana Jaya Line

Fraser Highway extension from King George Highway to 166th

St:

6.5km track The cost of 6.5km of new guideway = $235.6 million Four new station locations will be assumed:

o 140th Sto 152nd Sto 160th Sto 166th St

These three new stations will cost $60 million at $20 million per station. Estimated cost of guideway and stations: $315.6 million ($48.55 million per km) Amount of trains needed assuming:

o 162 second peak hour service is maintained for the segment of the Expo Line pastColumbia Station

o All new trains will be 4-car ART 200 or ART 300 trains from Bombardier Amount of trains every 162 seconds in both directions to fill 6.5km of guideway:

o Assuming an average operation speed of 54.7 km/h 4.875 minutes end to end without stops at 80km/h, + 52 seconds (Expo Line

avg) for deceleration/layover/acceleration per station = 8.35 minutes travel

time on this new portion

6.5km in 8.35 minutes or 0.14 hours = 46.7 km/h average speed


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o Trains are every 2.1km apart every 162 seconds.o There are 6.5km of track. One station is an end stat*4=ion. Therefore, approximately 6

trains are required for this new portion of line.

Assuming an order of 6 4-car ART 200 or 300 trains at $46.2 million (see cost above) no OMCexpansions required

Total line implementation cost = $361,800,000Total line implementation cost per km = $55.6 million per km

Fraser Highway extension from 166th

St to Langley Centre: 9.35km of track 2.5km of possible at-grade track through the ALR with one major overpasss The cost of the 7.7km of elevated guideway: $279.125 million The cost of 2.5km of at-grade guideway + overpasses assuming costs of Segment B Victoria LRT

apply: $85.725 million

Four new station locations will be assumed:o 186th St/Clayton Town Ctro 64th Aveo Langley Bypass/Willowbrooko Langley Centre

These four new stations will cost $80 million at $20 million per station. Estimated cost of guideway and stations: $444.85 million ($47.577 million per km) Amount of trains needed assuming:

o 162 second peak hour service is maintained for this segment of the Expo Line pastColumbia Station

o All new trains will be 4-car ART 200 or ART 300 trains from Bombardier Amount of trains every 162 seconds in both directions to fill 9.35km of guideway:

o Assuming an average operation speed of 54.7 km/h 7.0125 minutes end to end without stops at 80km/h, + 52 seconds (Expo Line

avg) for deceleration/layover/acceleration per station = 10.48 minutes of travel

time on this new portion

9.35km in 10.479 minutes or 0.1746 hours = 53.5 km/h average speedo Trains are every 2.4km apart every 162 seconds.o There are 9.35km of track. One station is an end station. Therefore, approximately 8

trains are required for this new portion of line.

Assuming an order of 8 4-car ART 200 or 300 trains at $61.6 million (see cost above) no OMCexpansions required, or one can be constructed at low cost

Total line implementation cost = $506,450,000Total line implementation cost per km = $54.16 million per km

King George Highway/104th

Ave L Line:


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13.4km of track The cost of 14km of new guideway = $485,75 million Eleven new stations will be assumed:

o 156th St exchangeo Guildford Town Centreo 146th/Hawthorneo 140th/Asian Centreo Surrey Centralo 96th Ave/Surrey Memorialo 88th Aveo 80th Ave/Newton Northo Newton (72nd Ave)o 64th Aveo 59th Ave

These 11 new stations will cost approximately $12.5 million per station (using shorter 50mplatforms as a result of cost savings attributed with operating a feeder/circulator/non-line-haul

that connects local centres; there is still a large capacity potential with 50m platforms) this

estimate may vary a +/- $2 million. Assuming that exact value, the stations will altogether cost

$137.5 million.

Estimated cost of guideway and stations: $623.25 million ($46.5 million/km) Amount of trains needed assuming:

o 180 second initial peak hour service is maintainedo All new trains will be 2-car ART 200 or ART 300 trains from Bombardier

Amount of trains every 180 seconds in both directions to fill 14.3km of guideway:

o Assuming an average operation speed of 10 minutes end to end without stops at 80km/h, + 52 seconds for

deceleration/layover/acceleration per in between station and extended 60

seconds at Surrey Central station = 19.533 minutes travel time on this new line

14.3km in 19.533 minutes or 0.3255 hours = 43.9 km/h average speedo Trains are every 2.19km apart every 180 seconds.o There are 14.3km of track. Two stations are end stations. Therefore, approximately 13

trains are required for this new line.

Assuming an order of 13 3-car ART 200 or 300 trains at ($2.233 million per car, an estimatetaking to account the cost of C-cars vs A/B-cars and amount of C-cars per train) at $87.09 million

no OMC expansions required. These trains might be shared, used on Expo and Millennium Line

track as well, while 4-car ART 100 or 2-car ART 200 trains also have the ability to provide service

on this line.

Total line implementation cost = $710.34 million ($53 million/km)


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Total expenditures for rapid transit in Surrey connecting Surrey Central Station

with Guildford/156th St exchange, Fleetwood/Fleetwood Rec, and

Newton/Panorama Ridge = $1.072 billion; full extension to Langley at $1.578

billion

Actual light rail costs

Costs as actually studied in detail and reported for proposed Victoria LRT system, noting the on-street

segment costs as a primary example:

For the full costs of the full length 18.2km Victoria LRT implementation including the futureextension to Westhills, excluding $117 million of indirect costs: $833 million ($46.2 million/km)

o $457 million for actual construction costs (48%) $48.8 million for segment A (existing corridor/some on-street) $82.9 million for segment B (alongside highway w/several overpass

reconstructions, landscaping, and environment protection needed)

$46.6 million for segment C (on-street, Douglas corridor in Victoria) $103.9 million for trackwork $36 million for signalling, communications and ticketing

o $90 million for 15 40m vehicles at $6 million per vehicleo $72 million (8%) dedicated to escalation of costs over timeframeo $118 million (12%) contingencyo $96 million interest

Breakdown of the Segment C right of way construction cost:o ROW on Douglas Street is 4km longo $46.6 million for right-of-way (ROW) construction incl. streetscaping - $11.65 million/kmo $103 million for trackwork Douglas segment is 22% of the total length; so trackwork =

$22.66 million - $5.665 million/km

o Total cost for ROW and trackwork is $69.2 milliono Total cost of stations at $18 million at $3 million per stationo Cost for ROW and trackwork without stations is $51.2 million or $12.8 million per kmo $64.6 million for traction power and substations (i.e. overhead poles) Douglas

segment is 22% of total length; so power/substations = $14.2 million - $3.55 per km of

project costs

o $36 million for the signalling, communications and ticketing systems Breakdown of the Segment B right of way construction cost:

o Trans-Canada ROW is 6.3km longo $85 million for right-of-way (ROW) construction incl. overpasses and landscaping - $13.5

million/km


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o There are 4 stations along this corridor; cost of ROW without stations is $11.58million/km

o Taking into account trackwork costs: $35.65 million - $5.66 million/kmo Taking into account power/substation costs - $22.36 million - $3.55 million/kmo Total cost of constructing light-rail along an at-grade corridor with overpasses &

landscaping: $34.29 million/km

Other costso $18 million for land purchases (i.e. for OMC) - TOTALo $35.7 million for a maintenance centre for 15 40m vehicles (to be excluded in per-km

estimate) - minimum site area of 2 ha and expansion ability to 3.2ha

o $20.5 million for other costsCost breakdown of the costs of on-stret Light Rail implementations: Will assume 22% segment C share

for portions that are unsure

Total cost per km to construct a light rail ROW on-street: $88 milliono $69.2 million per km - $17.3 million per km for ROWo $14.2 million for electric overhead for this ROW - $3.55 million per kmo $1.12 million per km for other costs

$22 million per km with stations, $17.5 million without $35.7 million for maintenance centre we can assume that this is $2.38 million per 15m train $15 million per 40m vehicle 6 immediate stations planned on Douglas. TransLink estimates a $3 million per station cost for

an at-grade LRT station (Surrey Rapid Transit Study document)

Assume a 10% contingency, interest rate, and 8% escalation Noting that the SkyTrain capital cost estimates are for lines already built and they include

interest/escalation/etc. the LRT comparison breaks down the raw costs beforehand, thus thismust be added on top.

Fraser Highway line from Surrey Central Station to 166th

St:

8km track The cost of 8km of track and ROW = $140 million Six new station locations will be assumed:

o Surrey Central Station/SkyTrain connectiono King George Station/SkyTrain connectiono

140

th

Sto 152nd Sto 160th Sto 166th St

These three new stations will cost $18 million at $3 million per station. Estimated cost of ROW/track and stations: $158 million ($19.75 million per km) Amount of trains needed assuming:


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o 5 minute peak hour service is maintainedo All new trains will be articulated 40m vehicles as described in the Victoria LRT project at

$6 million per vehicle (in contrast a 16m SkyTrain vehicle costs $1.9 million for a C-car

and $2.9 million for an A or B car).

Amount of trains every 3 minutes in both directions to fill 8km of LRTo Assuming an average operation speed of 29.6km/h

8 minutes end to end without stops at 60km/h, 52 seconds for deceleration/layover/acceleration per station 3 minutes for possible signal light delays at 17 locations:

135th St & 102nd Ave 102nd Ave & King George Blvd King George Blvd & left-turn lane mall parking entrance King George Blvd & 100th Ave King George Blvd & Fraser Highway Fraser Highway & Whalley Blvd Fraser Highway & 140th St Fraser Highway & 96th Ave Fraser Highway & 148th St Fraser Highway & 152nd St Fraser Highway & Fleetwood Way Fraser Highway & 88th Ave Fraser Highway & 156th St Fraser Highway & 159th St Fraser Highway & 160th St Fraser Highway & 84th Ave Fraser Highway & 164th St

16.2 minutes travel time on this new portion 8km in 16.2 minutes or 0.27 hours = 29.6km/h average speed

o Trains are every 1.48km apart every 5 minutes.o There are 8km of track. Two stations are end stations. Therefore, approximately 11

trains are required for this line.

Assuming an order of 11 40m Light Rail Vehicles at $66 million (see cost above) An OMC for 11 vehicles with expansion ability to 2 minute frequency of (17 vehicles) should cost

approximately 13% more than the Victoria one at $42.21 million, excluding land costs we can

estimate that the majority of the $18 million goes to land THIS VALUE WILL BE RESEARCHED

FURTHER. FLAT VALUE UNTIL CONFIRMED: $8 million

The signalling, communications and ticketing system should cost approx. $18.7618 million Total line implementation cost without interest, contingencies, escalation = $302.86 million 10% interest rate during construction: $30.286 million 10% contingency: $30.286 million 8% escalation: $24.22 million


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Total implementation cost: $377.75 million

Average cost per km: $47.2 million per km

Fraser Highway line from 166th

St to Langley Centre:

9.35km track at-grade 0.5km overpass of railway tracks in Langley east of Willowbrook Centre The cost of 8.85km of track and ROW = $154.875 million Cost of the overpass (assuming similar capital costs to SkyTrain): $18.125 million Four new station locations will be assumed:

o 186th St/Clayton Town Ctro 64th Aveo Langley Bypass/Willowbrooko Langley Centre

These three new stations will cost $12 million at $3 million per station. Estimated cost of ROW/track and stations: $185 million ($19.79 million per km) Amount of trains needed assuming:

o 3 minute peak hour service is maintainedo All new trains will be articulated 40m vehicles as described in the Victoria LRT project at



Amount of trains every 3 minutes in both directions to fill 8km of LRTo Assuming an average operation speed of 37.46 km/h

Segments with different speeds, average 63.5km/h: 3.3km at 70km/h 6.05km at 60km/h

8.87 minutes end-to-end without stops 52 seconds for deceleration/layover/acceleration per station 2.64 minutes for possible signal light delays at 13 locations:

Fraser Highway & 168th St Fraser Highway & Highway 15 (176th St) - HIGHWAY Fraser Highway and 184th St Fraser Highway & 68th Ave Fraser Highway & 188h St

Fraser Highway & 64

th

Ave Fraser Highway & 194th St (ped X-ing) Fraser Highway & Willowbrook Dr Fraser Highway & Highway 10 (Langley Bypass) - HIGHWAY Fraser Highway & 200th St Fraser Highway & 201A St Fraser Highway & 203 St Fraser Highway & 56th Ave


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14.976 minutes travel time on this new portion 9.35km in 14.976 minutes or 0.249 hours = 37.46km/h average speed

o Trains are every 1.87km apart every 3 minutes.o There are 9.35km of track. Two stations are end stations. Therefore, approximately 10


Assuming an order of 6 40m Light Rail Vehicles at $36 million (see cost above) An OMC or OMC expansion for 10 vehicles with expansion ability to 2 minute frequencies (15

vehicles) should cost approximately the same as the Victoria one at $35.7 million, excluding land

costs we can estimate that the majority of the $18 million goes to land; THIS VALUE WILL BE

RESEARCHED FURTHER. FLAT VALUE UNTIL CONFIRMED: $8 million

The signalling, communications and ticketing system should cost approx. $21.61 million Total line implementation cost without interest, contingencies, escalation = $286.31 million 10% interest rate during construction: $28.63 million 10% contingency: $28.63 million 8% escalation: $22.9 million Total line implementation cost: $366.474 million Average cost per km: $39.195 million per km

Total implementation cost through to Langley: $744.24 millionAverage cost per km: $42.9 million per km

Cost difference vs SkyTrain ($868.25 million): 14.3% less for LRT; 16.6% more for SkyTrain

King George Highway/104th

Ave L Line:

14.2km of track at-grade The cost of 14.2km of new ROW/track = $248.5 million Twelve new stations will be assumed:

o 156th St exchangeo Guildford Town Centreo 146th/Hawthorneo 140th/Asian Centreo Surrey Central Stationo King George Stationo 96th Ave/Surrey Memorialo 88th Aveo 80th Ave/Newton Northo Newton (72nd Ave)o 64th Aveo 59th Ave

These three new stations will cost $36 million at $3 million per station. Estimated cost of tracking/ROW and stations: $284.5 million ($20 million/km)


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Amount of trains needed assuming:o 3 minute peak hour service is maintainedo All new trains will be articulated 40m vehicles as described in the Victoria LRT project at



Amount of trains every 3 minutes in both directions to fill 8km of LRTo Assuming an average operation speed of

14.2 minutes end-to-end without stops at 60km/h 52 seconds for deceleration/layover/acceleration per station 4.76 minutes for possible signal light delays at 27 locations:

104th Ave & 156th St 104th Ave & 154th St 104th Ave & 152nd St 104th Ave & 150th St 104th Ave & 148th St 104th Ave & 146th St 104th Ave & 144th St 104th Ave & 142nd St 104th Ave & 140th St 104th Ave & Whalley Blvd 104th Ave & King George Highway 104th Ave & City Parkway City Parkway & 102A Ave 102A Ave & King George Blvd King George Blvd & Mall Left Turn King George Blvd & 100th Ave King George Blvd & Fraser Hwy King George Blvd & 96th Ave King George Blvd & 94a Ave King George Blvd & 92nd Ave King George Blvd & 88th Ave King George Blvd & 84th Ave King George Blvd & 80th Ave King George Blvd & 78th Ave King George Blvd & 76th Ave King George Blvd & 74th Ave King George Blvd & 72nd Ave

29.36 minutes travel time on this new portion 14.2km in 29.36 minutes or 0.489 hours = 29km/h average speed

o Trains are every 1.45km apart every 3 minutes.o There are 9.35km of track. Two stations are end stations. Therefore, approximately 13



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Assuming an order of 13 40m Light Rail Vehicles at $78 million (see cost above) An OMC or OMC expansion for 13 vehicles with expansion ability to 2 minute frequencies (20

vehicles) should cost approximately 33% more than the Victoria one at $47.48 million, excluding

land costs we can estimate that the majority of the $18 million goes to land; THIS VALUE WILL

BE RESEARCHED FURTHER. FLAT VALUE UNTIL CONFIRMED: $8 million

The signalling, communications and ticketing system should cost approx. $32.82 million Total line implementation cost without interest, contingencies, escalation = $450.8 million 10% interest rate during construction: $45.08 million 10% contingency: $45.08 million 8% escalation: $36 million Total line implementation cost: $576.96 million Average cost per km: $40.6 million per km

Total implementation cost of all LRT in Surrey: $1321.2 million

Average cost per km: $41.877 million/km

Amount of vehicles needed to be served immediately and in the future by new OMC: 34 (51 future)

Capital cost compared vs SkyTrain total ($1578.45 million): 14.3% less for LRT; 19.4% more for SkyTrain

(Disclaimer: Cost estimates may vary up to $100 million in each direction)

Documents

SkyTrain Cost Analysis