Skinner’s Behaviourism

Conditioning Shaping BehaviourBehaviour Modification

Positive ReinforcementToken Economy

Extinction

ApproximationsLearning

Reinforcements

Environment

Operant

Who was Skinner?

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• American Psychologist

• Operant Conditioning

• Of the first to describe radical behaviourism

• Founded school of experimental analysis of behaviour

• Prolific author who published over 20 books

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What is Behaviourism?

Objective study of behaviour

Learning as a function of change

Personal responses to environment

Rewarded responses= Conditioning

Reinforcements

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Principles of Behaviourism

Behaviour that is positively reinforced will reoccur.

Information should be presented in small amounts so that responses can be shaped and reinforced.

Reinforcements will generalize across similar stimuli and stimulus generalization.

Classical Conditioning

Pavlov’s Dog

Operant Conditioning

Behaviour Modification

Behaviour can stem from previous reinforcement history.

Believed freedom and dignity to be unobservable and useless for a scientific purpose.

Skinner’s Beliefs & Goals

Shape patients behaviour so that they would behave in socially acceptable ways.ABC’s of Behavioural LearningSkinner believed that we could get organisms to perform the most complex of behaviours.

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Skinner’s Work

Work with rats and pigeons

Skinner Box

Skinner Box Pigeon Video

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Skinner’s Toolbox

Behaviourist strategies advocated and utilized by Skinner:

Operant Conditioning: Behaviour ModificationPositive Reinforcement

Extinction Schedules of Reinforcement

Token Economy Approximations of desired behaviour

Why Sara is failing in school

Failure to provide positive reinforcement for good behaviour.

Information and instruction not presented in small, manageable chunks.

Teacher fails to reward approximations

Failure to look at antecedants and consequences of behaviour

Behaviourist Solutions and Tools for Sara’s Success

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Reward approximations of desired behaviour

Behaviourist Solutions and Tools for Sara’s Success

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Token Economy

Behaviourist Solutions and Tools for Sara’s Success

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Positive Reinforcement

Behaviourist Solutions and Tools for Sara’s Success

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Internalized Self

Reinforcement

Thank You!

Token Economy Game

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