Skills Support for the Workforcessw.fundingunit.org.uk/.../FNR_TA_AgriTech_MS.100918..docx · Web viewYNYER Future Skills Needs – Agri-tech. Manufacturers and Suppliers subsector

Future skills needs in the York, North Yorkshire and East Riding Local Enterprise Partnership Area

Transitional Area: East Riding

Agri-Tech:Manufacturers and Suppliers

Beyond 2030 has produced this Report on behalf of Calderdale College and as part of the College’s delivery of the 2017-18 ESF funded Skills Support for the Workforce programme across the York, North Yorkshire and East Riding Local Enterprise Partnership Area.

July 2018

YNYER Future Skills Needs – Agri-tech. Manufacturers and Suppliers subsector

Executive Summary York, North Yorkshire and East Riding Local Enterprise Partnership (YNYER LEP) has

commissioned a series of research reports, which will allow key decision makers to understand more fully the future skills needs of the YNYER LEPs eight identified priority sectors.

Agri-tech, where technology is being utilised to provide solutions to problems in agriculture, farming, and food production and distribution, are being developed to allow farmers to increase productivity and reduce costs.

It is estimated that Agri-tech directly accounts for £14.3bn in value-added and 542,000 jobs across the UK. The sector is dominated by the agriculture (farming) subsector, but other key subsectors include research and development and the supply of technologies.

This report considers the manufacturers and suppliers subsector within the wider Agri-tech sector.

Beyond 2030 spoke with 5 employers in this subsector across the TA and relevant stakeholders such as the Stockbridge Technology Centre, the Society of Dairy Technology, Lantra, Chartered Institute of Horticulture, and East Riding Council to inform this report, in addition to drawing on the sources mentioned in the bibliography.

Transitional Area of East Riding

East Riding has a resident population of 337,700, of which nearly 160,000 individuals are employed. Employment rates stand at 76.2%.

The East Riding economy is mainly based on agriculture and this, along with tourism, has contributed to the rural and seaside character of the area.

Large employment sectors include health and social work, manufacturing and retail.

Manufacturers and Suppliers in Agri-tech

The YNYER LEP has five priorities in its Strategic Economic Plan, with its second named priority being the aim to be, ‘a global leader in food manufacturing, Agri-tech and biorenewables.’

85 businesses operate in the manufacture and supply of Agri-tech subsector, employing 1,085 individuals across East Riding.

Job roles in the subsector include sales accounts and business development managers, production managers in manufacturing, agricultural machinery drivers, book keepers, vehicle maintenance operatives and engineering technicians.

Female workers are underrepresented in the subsector. Just 22% of the workforce are female.

Just 27% of the subsector workforce are under 35, in contrast to 35% in the whole economy. Firms Beyond 2030 spoke with had recruited in the previous 12 months. Recent vacancies included Agricultural Service Technicians and General Workshop

Operative. The manufacture base and agriculture industry need strong partnerships to bring technology

and innovations from production sites to farms.

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The Yorkshire Agricultural Machinery Show is one way in which to bring together farmers with local dealerships.

Local colleges, such as Bishop Burton College, and universities in the LEP area provide the opportunity to gain the skills required to work in the sector. Agricultural machinery dealerships are particularly interested in Agricultural Technician / Land based service & Maintenance Eengineer apprenticeships.

By 2025, it’s anticipated that the agricultural technology sector will be worth more than £136 billion globally.

The combined challenges of global population growth, volatile food prices, climate change and pressure on finite natural resources have brought a renewed focus on the importance of technological innovation in agriculture which has implications on manufacturers.

Agricultural machinery dealers will remain a crucial element in the relationship between manufacture and customer.

Acknowledgements Beyond 2030 would like to extend thanks to the employers in the TA area as well as both local and national stakeholders who provided their time and assistance in giving us valuable insights into the issues facing the subsector. These included:

• Lantra.• The Stockbridge Technology Centre. • The Processors and Growers Research Organisation. • The Society of Dairy Technology. • Chartered Institute of Horticulture.• East Riding Council.

Beyond 2030 is indebted to Calderdale College for the guidance and support received in completing this report.

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ContentsExecutive Summary...............................................................................................................................2

Acknowledgements...............................................................................................................................3

1 Introduction to the LEP and the research......................................................................................5

1.1 Agri-tech sector.....................................................................................................................5

1.2 East Riding TA........................................................................................................................6

2 Manufactures and Suppliers in Agri-tech, TA................................................................................7

2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................7

2.1.1 Subsector definition.......................................................................................................7

2.2 Manufactures and suppliers of Agri-tech subsector economy and employment..................8

2.2.1 Jobs people do...............................................................................................................8

2.3 Skill needs - Primary research and testing the data.............................................................10

2.3.1 Recruitment and retention..........................................................................................10

2.3.2 What are the current skill needs and gaps...................................................................10

2.3.3 Skills needs / gaps........................................................................................................11

2.3.4 Training and apprenticeships.......................................................................................12

2.4 Future roles and skills..........................................................................................................13

2.5 Drivers.................................................................................................................................13

2.5.1 Political........................................................................................................................13

2.5.2 Economic.....................................................................................................................13

2.5.3 Social............................................................................................................................14

2.5.4 Technological and Environmental................................................................................14

3 Bibliography.................................................................................................................................15

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1 Introduction to the LEP and the research The York, North Yorkshire and East Riding Local Enterprise Partnership (YNYER LEP) has commissioned a series of research reports which informs key decision makers as to the future skills needs of eight identified priority sectors. These sectors are:

• Visitor Economy. • Food Manufacture.• Voluntary, Community and Social Enterprise (VCSE). • Health and Social Care. • Construction. • Engineering. • Agri-tech.• Bio Renewables.

As the economic and political situation changes, it is almost universally acknowledged that improved skills, not least because of the link to enhanced productivity is a key way by which to improve economic well-being. Consequently, LEPs across England are looking at how best to support sectors with growth potential and which therefore may generate future wealth and prosperity.

In this research Beyond 2030 seek to understand fully the future skills needs required to ensure that within the YNYER LEP area, priority sectors can recruit and develop world class employees.

As well as wanting to understand the characteristics and future needs of the eight sectors, the LEP hopes to develop an understanding of the most significant subsectors in each priority area by geography.

1.1 Agri-tech sector The YNYER LEP has five priorities in its Strategic Economic Plan. The second of these priorities is the aim to be, ‘a global leader in food manufacturing, Agri-tech and biorenewables’ (York, North Yorkshire and East Riding LEP 2014).

Agri-tech is not an industry that has been clearly defined in existing Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. Instead it is a broad sector that encompasses more than on-farm activities (although on-farm activities account for the greatest employment numbers within Agri-tech (BIS 2016)). Research and Development (R&D) and manufacturing and selling of technology are also significant.

This report therefore considers the manufacturers and suppliers within the wider Agri-tech sector in the Transitional Area (TA) of East Riding.

In this report Beyond 2030 sets out the skills and productivity of the area and at Local Authority level to provide context, before considering the subsector in further detail.

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1.2 East Riding TA East Riding is located in the wider region of Yorkshire and Humber. It borders North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and covers over 900 square miles. The Humber Estuary and North Sea mark its southern and eastern limits. There are few large settlements, with Beverley, Bridlington and Goole being amongst the best known. Around half of the population live in rural communities.

The economy is mainly based on agriculture and this, along with tourism, has contributed to the rural and seaside character of East Riding. The area has many historic buildings, nature reserves and the Yorkshire Wolds Way long-distance footpath.

The open and maritime aspects and lack of major urban developments have led to the County being allocated relatively high targets for the generation of energy from renewable sources. Easington Gas Terminal, owned and operated by Centrica Storage, is one of three main terminals that process gas from the UK Continental Shelf.

Goole is a significant dock area which serves as a significant employer in logistics and related sectors.

Bishop Burton is home to Bishop Burton College, a further education and higher education college specialising in agriculture and equine studies.

East Riding has a resident population of 337,700, which equates to 30% of the LEP’s total resident population (ONS 2017). Nearly 160,000 individuals are employed in the area. Employment rates stand at 76.2% (Table 1). The area has a growing and increasingly ageing population and deprivation is evident in some areas (East Riding Council 2016).

Using YNYER LEP as the standard, differences in the productivity, skills and employment across East Riding can be seen. Table 1 illustrates where the area performs better (green) or worse (red). For example, the job density is much lower in East Riding, as is the employment rate compared to the YNYER LEP area.

The economic inactivity rate is also much higher in East Riding (20.6%). While many of these are either retired, students, or looking after the home/family, it is worth noting that 24% (9,800) would like employment (ONS 2017).

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Table 1 Productivity, skills and jobs:

Measure East Riding

North Yorkshire

York YNYER LEP

England

Gross Weekly pay full time (£) (place of residence, 2016)

£498.30 £489.10 £509.60 £504.70 £544.70

Job density (the ratio of total jobs to population aged 16-64, 2015)

0.69 0.96 0.85 0.86 0.84

Employment Rate (Apr 16-Mar 17) 76.2% 80.7% 77.5% 78.8% 75.6%Self-Employment (Apr 16-Mar 17) 10.4% 13.9% 9.7% 12.0% 10.9%Full-time workers (employees) 66.1% 63.1% 62.7 63.8% 69.1%Unemployment Rate (Apr 16-Mar 17) 3.7% 2.9% 3.0% 3.2% 4.4%Economically Inactive (Apr 16-Mar 17)

20.6% 16.8% 20.0% 18.5% 20.9%

Level 4+ (Jan 2016-Dec 2016) 36.5% 35.9% 42.7% 37.5% 37.9%No Qualifications (Jan 2016-Dec 2016) 6.2% 6.5% 6.1% 6.3% 7.8%

Source: Office for National Statistics: LEP and National Labour Market Profiles; GVA for Local Enterprise Partnerships

2 Manufactures and Suppliers in Agri-tech, TA 2.1 Introduction The LEP area has a diverse and robust agriculture base, with agriculture frequently recognised in local strategies. 90% of land use in East Riding is agricultural (East Riding County Council 2018). Although at face value in economic terms the agricultural sector contributes a relatively modest 2-3% of the area's economy and employment, it provides the raw materials and the farmed landscape backdrop that underpins key clusters that strengthen the area's economic identity.

Thereby, agricultural production in East Riding is recognised as an important sector to the East Riding Economy (East Riding Council 2016).

A thriving agricultural sector requires technology and equipment. There are many types of agricultural equipment, from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the countless kinds of farm implements that they tow or operate. Diverse arrays of equipment are used in both organic and non-organic farming. Especially since the advent of mechanised agriculture, agricultural machinery is an indispensable part of how the world is fed.

The value of sales of new UK farm equipment was estimated to be just over £1.7bn in 2017 (AEA 2018). However, the state of the UK market for farm equipment is very closely linked to the fortunes of farming. Access to new technologies, equipment and skills has the potential to empower British agriculture. The manufacturers and suppliers of new technologies to farmers are an integral part of the Agri-tech supply chain.

2.1.1 Subsector definition For the following report Beyond 2030 have defined the subsector using the below Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. These are the key codes used within the BIS Agri-tech scoping report (BIS 2016).

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Table 2 Standard Occupation Classification

SIC Definition 10.91 Manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals20.15 Manufacture of fertilisers and nitrogen compounds20.20 Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products28.30 Manufacture of agricultural tractors and forestry machinery46.11 Agents involved in the sale of agricultural raw materials, live animals. 46.21 Wholesale of grain, unmanufactured tobacco, seeds and animal feeds46.61 Wholesale of agricultural machinery, equipment and supplies

Source (ONS 2009)

2.2 Manufactures and suppliers of Agri-tech subsector economy and employment

85 businesses operate in the manufacture and suppliers of Agri-tech subsector, employing 1,085 individuals across the East Riding area (ONS 2017).

Firms involved in the subsector in the area include:

Knapton Plant Services Ltd http://www.knaptonplantservicesyork.co.uk/ RBM Agricultural Ltd http://www.rbmagricultural.jd-dealer.co.uk/ Wilfred Scruton Ltd http://www.wilfredscruton.co.uk/ Easterby Trailers http://www.easterbytrailers.co.uk/ Grange Machinery https://www.grangemachinery.co.uk/ Hardcastle Ventacrop http://www.hardcastleventacrop.co.uk/ Terratech Ltd http://www.terra-tech.co.uk/ Tractair Ltd http://www.airbrakesystems.co.uk/ Superior Machines Ltd https://www.superiormachines.net/ Agriweld http://www.agriweld.co.uk/ East Riding Farm Services (ERFS) http://www.erfs.co.uk/ South Cave Tractors Ltd http://www.southcavetractors.com/

2.2.1 Jobs people do The major occupational groups for the subsector at a UK level are shown in the table below. The greatest difference in the proportion of employment for the subsector compared to the all economy occurs in process, plant and machine operatives. 16% of the workforce are within this occupational group compared to 6% in the all economy.

Job roles can include sales accounts and business development managers, production managers in manufacturing, biological scientists and biochemists, agricultural machinery drivers, book keepers, vehicle maintenance operatives and mechanical engineering technicians.

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http://www.southcavetractors.com/

http://www.erfs.co.uk/

http://www.agriweld.co.uk/

https://www.superiormachines.net/

http://www.airbrakesystems.co.uk/

http://www.terra-tech.co.uk/

http://www.hardcastleventacrop.co.uk/

https://www.grangemachinery.co.uk/

http://www.easterbytrailers.co.uk/

http://www.wilfredscruton.co.uk/

http://www.rbmagricultural.jd-dealer.co.uk/

http://www.knaptonplantservicesyork.co.uk/


Table 3 Occupational groups

Agri-Tech Manufacture and Suppliers (UK)

All economy (UK)

Managers, Directors and Senior Officials 14% 11%Professional Occupations 8% 20%Associate Professional and Technical Occupations 21% 14%Administrative and Secretarial Occupations 11% 10%Skilled Trades Occupations 14% 11%Personal care services 2% 9%Sales and Customer Service Occupations 14% 8%Process, Plant and Machine Operatives 16% 6%Elementary Occupations 2% 10%

Source (Office for National Statistics; Social Survey Division; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 2017)

The job roles with the greatest number employed in the subsector across the UK1 are:

Table 4 Top jobs roles in manufacturing and supplier of Agri-tech subsector, UK

Occupation Number employed 3545 'Sales accounts and business development managers' 3,2001121 'Production managers and directors in manufacturing' 2,5009134 'Packers, bottlers, canners and fillers' 2,3002112 'Biological scientists and biochemists' 1,700

Source (Office for National Statistics; Social Survey Division; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 2017) * not elsewhere classified

22% of the subsector workforce are female across the UK. This is significantly below the national all economy average of 47%.

Young people are slightly underrepresented in the subsector compared to the whole economy. Only 27% are aged under 35, compared to 35% in the whole economy.

The subsector workforce also has a greater proportion of older workers. A quarter (25%) of the workforce are over 55 years of age, in contrast to 19% for the whole economy. With an ageing workforce there are set to be significant challenges in future recruitment due to replacement demands meaning that firms need to consider carefully succession planning.

Figure 1 Age profile of the subsector, UK

1 Sample for LEP and Yorkshire and Humber area too small for reliability

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Under 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65+0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

UK Manufactures & Suppliers of Agri-tech UK All economy

Source (Office for National Statistics; Social Survey Division; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 2017) * not elsewhere classified

2.3 Skill needs - Primary research and testing the data2.3.1 Recruitment and retention Recruitment opportunities are occurring in the subsector. Firms Beyond 2030 spoke with had recruited in the previous 12 months. Further secondary research also revealed vacancies. For example:

Agriweld were seeking a General Workshop Operative. Previous experience was an advantage but not essential. Full in-house training would be provided along with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

John Deere in Market Weighton were seeking a Senior Agricultural Service Technician to perform maintenance and repairs on agricultural machinery, often at customer’s farms.

Wilfred Scruton Ltd had a position for a Skilled Service Technician.

When firms were asked about challenges and threats facing the organisation and sector, feedback frequently mentioned recruitment and skills. A firm that supplied and maintained mechanical tractors and other off-road vehicles reported difficulties in recruiting individuals with mechanical engineering skills.

2.3.2 What are the current skill needs and gaps2.3.2.1 Skills levelsA quarter (26%) of the subsector workforce hold a level 4 or above qualification. This contrasts with the national average, where 43% hold such a qualification.

The age of the workforce could reflect the lower skills levels. Historically, experience over qualifications was valued. Land-based technicians learnt on the job. However, we expect the profile to change as skills requirements change (see section 2.3.3 and 2.3.4).

Figure 2 Qualifications levels of the subsector

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NQF Leve

l 4 and above

NQF Leve

l 3

Trade apprenticesh

ips

NQF Leve

l 2

Below NQF Le

vel 2

Other qualifi

cations

No qualifica

tions0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

UK Manufactures & Suppliers of Agri-tech UK All economy

Source (Office for National Statistics; Social Survey Division; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 2017)

2.3.3 Skills needs / gaps The agriculture industry and the manufacture base needs strong partnerships to pull technology and innovations from production sites to the farm.

In the past manufactures, or land-based engineers, would look at designing and building bigger and more powerful tractors and farm machinery. However, today it is about more than that. The disciplines and skills required, include robotics, computer-based imaging, GPS technology, science-based solutions, climate forecasting, technological solutions, environmental controls and much more.

Agricultural technicians are highly skilled. They need to be automotive electricians, a hydraulics specialist, a diagnostic engineer, have computer skills but also the ability to weld and do other more common engineering tasks. Work is not necessarily carried out in a workshop, it can be out in the field in any weather. All these skills require a great deal of training and development. Apprenticeships in land-based engineering can rightly take up to four years.

One firm that designs and manufactures a range of agricultural accessories reported that a key challenge facing the sector is a lack of skilled workforce within parts of the engineering sector. Within their own workforce they have time-served Mercedes-Benz mechanics, a skilled designer/welder/fabricator and an apprentice and had recently sought to recruit an experienced vehicle technician.

Suppliers need to be aware of product abilities and help consumers better understand and utilise innovative products. The Yorkshire Agricultural Machinery Show is just one way in which to bring together farmers with local dealerships and a huge array of all the latest machinery and equipment for agriculture, horticulture, ground care and forestry.

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From our primary work Beyond 2030 concludes that the following skills are particularly needed and valued by employers:

Industry experience. Land based Engineering skills.

o Knowledge of machine hydraulics / electrical diagnostics / mechanical engineering. Retail service experience. Communication skills. Driving licence / Forklift licence. Team worker.

2.3.4 Training and apprenticeshipsThe colleges and universities in the LEP area provide the opportunity to gain the skills required to work in the sector. For example, Bishop Burton College have an engineering and agriculture department offering courses in Land-based Technology.

Many agricultural machinery dealerships will provide manufacture-based training programmes. For example, one firm offers training with Case IH, Kverneland Horsch and Lely training programmes.

In our primary work, Beyond 2030 found general support for the principle of apprenticeship. Larger dealerships were particularly interested in agricultural technician / land-based service and maintenance engineer roles. They have greater capacity to mentor apprentices, which can be more difficult in smaller firms.

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Yorkshire Agricultural Machinery Show Held at the York Auction Centre, Murton on the first Wednesday in February, it attracts over 200 trade exhibitors and thousands of farmers and visitors. The show is an opportunity to highlight new innovations in farming technology. In 2018 it featured agricultural machinery related seminars on the latest health and safety guidelines, legal compliance, profitability, precision farming, grant availability, new technology and security tracking.

RBM Agricultural Ltd were seeking an Apprentice Agricultural Dealership Parts Advisor. As a dealership parts advisor the individual would be looking after the selling, receiving and delivery of parts and accessories.


2.4 Future roles and skillsBy 2025, it is anticipated that the agricultural technology sector will be worth more than £136 billion globally (Agri-EPI Centre 2018). This includes over £129 billion in the Autonomous Farm Equipment Market and over £7 billion in the Precision Farming Market.

However, there are several factors that may affect the subsector. These include:

Economic constraints. Legislative changes. Meeting noise and emissions limits. Currency movements. Land usage concerns. Environmental objectives.

All these forces encourage greater adaptation to the market and create pressure to gain efficiencies and to reduce unit costs. Machines are being made smarter. By integrating electronics-based capabilities into farm machinery and interconnecting different machines to create a systems-based approach, technology is becoming a key part of the overall system. Examples of new capabilities include the integration of GPS and automated steering into harvesting machinery, as well as the use of yield mapping.

Dealers will remain a crucial element in the relationship between manufacturer and customer. For larger products, notably tractors, a single franchise remains usual but smaller products are handled by many competitive outlets. A major challenge lies in the ability of dealers to fully support products of growing complexity whilst faced with limited profitability.

2.5 Drivers2.5.1 Political Industrial Strategy

Part of the aim of the government’s Industrial Strategy is to improve productivity and create better and higher-paying jobs across the UK. The government has committed to work with industry to boost spending on R&D to 2.4% of GDP by 2027, which could increase public and private R&D investment by as much as £80 billion over the next 10 years (GOV.UK 2017). This in turn will create further recruitment opportunities in the Agri-tech field.

2.5.2 Economic UK Research and Innovation

Beginning operation in April 2018, UK Research and Innovation will have a combined budget of more than £6 billion, and will bring together the seven Research Councils, Innovate UK and Research England (UK Research and Innovation 2018). It intends to ensure that the UK maintains its world leading position in research and innovation.

Their objective is to invest every pound of taxpayers’ money wisely in a way that maximises impact for citizens, in the UK and across the world. They wish to foster a collaborative environment for universities, researchers and businesses, which can attract funding from new sources.

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2.5.3 Social Knowledge / promotion

Much high-quality and useful research is taking place across the UK. However, more can be done to help users, including potential inward investors, to find the right knowledge, information and partnerships. If this can be achieved it could lead to more industry and research-based co-investment.

Organisations such as the Crop Health and Protection (CHAP) centre, the Centre of Innovation Excellence in Livestock (CIEL) and the National Farmers Union (NFU) will be key to helping to promote knowledge of new innovations.

Access to R&D and technologies

Being able to access the new technologies that can ensure productive and profitable farming is key. However, the availability of even simple, basic technology such as the internet is holding some farmers back. 13% of farmers do not have reliable access to the internet and 60% of those with a connection only have speeds of 2Mbps, insufficient to deal with data heavy maps drones and sensors will generate (nesta 2015). Focus therefore needs firstly to be on the rural infrastructure.

At the recent NUF conference the Business Secretary Greg Clark announced a £90 million fund for Agri-tech (NFU 2018). The funding is designed to help food and farming businesses to access and use innovative technology, such as AI and robotics.

2.5.4 Technological and Environmental The need to feed a global population of 9 billion people by 2050 amidst variable weather patterns and deepening environmental concerns is all exacerbating the need for new efficiencies, improved crop yields, and smarter agricultural practices.

In addition, the UK government has set a date of 2040 for phasing out fossil fuel engines. Consequently, this is impacting the farming sector too. For some types of farm vehicles, such as loaders and mixer-feeder wagons, electrical engines are already available. However, tractor manufacturers are also looking at electric and hybrid vehicles. This brings about the requirement for new skills in the production line but also for suppliers and those who maintain equipment. Suppliers need to be fully aware of the new technology capabilities.

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3 BibliographyAEA. 2018. Industry Facts. Accessed March 2018. https://aea.uk.com/industry-facts.

Agri-EPI Centre. 2018. Agricultural Engineering Precision Innovation Centre. Accessed March 2018. https://www.agri-epicentre.com/.

BIS. 2016. Agri-Tech Industrial Strategy: Evaluation Scoping Study and Baseline. London: Department for Business Innovation and Skills.

Defra. 2018. Agriculture in the United Kingdom data sets 2016. January. Accessed February 2018. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/agriculture-in-the-united-kingdom.

—. 2018. Open consultation: The future for food, farming and the environment. 27 February. Accessed March 2018. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/the-future-for-food-farming-and-the-environment.

East Riding Council. 2016. East Riding Local Plan 2012 - 2029 Strategy Document. East Riding Council.

East Riding County Council. 2018. Farming and land use. 23 February. Accessed March 2018. http://www2.eastriding.gov.uk/living/rural-life/food-and-farming/farming-and-land-use/.

FarminUK. 2018. Scientists develop automated robotic crop-picker amid worker shortage. 8 March. Accessed March 14, 2018. https://www.farminguk.com/News/Scientists-develop-automated-robotic-crop-picker-amid-worker-shortage_48795.html.

GOV.UK. 2017. Record boost to R&D and new transport fund to help build economy fit for the future. 20 November. Accessed February 2018. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/record-boost-to-rd-and-new-transport-fund-to-help-build-economy-fit-for-the-future.

Institute for Apprenticeships. 2017. Apprenticeship standards. Accessed September 2017. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/apprenticeship-standards#contents.

John Deere. 2017. Deere & Company to acquire Blue River Technology. September. Accessed February 2018. https://www.deere.co.uk/en/our-company/news-and-media/press-releases/2017/sep/deere-and-company-to-acquire-blue-river-technology.html.

Lantra. 2012. Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing: Sector Skills Assessment 2012. UKCES.

nesta. 2015. Precision Agriculture: separating the wheat from the chaff. October. Accessed February 2018. https://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/precision-agriculture-separating-wheat-chaff.

NFU. 2018. £60m farming productivity fund launched at Dairy-Tech. 7 February. Accessed February 7, 2018. https://www.nfuonline.com/news/latest-news/%C2%A360m-farming-productivity-fund-launched-at-dairy-tech/.

—. 2018. NFU18: £90 million agri-tech investment revealed. 20 February. Accessed February 2018. https://www.nfuonline.com/news/nfu-conference-2018/nfu-conference-2018-news/nfu18-industrial-strategy-and-investment/.

Office for National Statistics; Social Survey Division; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 2017. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, April - June, 2017. UK Data Service. SN: 8235. doi:http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-8235-1.

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ONS. 2017. “Business Register and Employment Survey : open access 2016.” Accessed November 2017. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/summary.asp?menuopt=200&subcomp=.

—. 2017. Nomis Labour Market Profile - York, North Yorkshire And East Riding. Accessed September 2017. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/lep/1925185568/report.aspx.

ONS. 2009. UK Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2007 (SIC 2007): Structure and explanatory notes. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

YAS. 2018. Great Yorkshire Show 2018. Accessed March 2018. http://greatyorkshireshow.co.uk/visitors/great-yorkshire-show-2018.

York, North Yorkshire and East Riding LEP. 2014. Strategic Economic Plan. York, North Yorkshire and East Riding Local Enterprise Partnership.

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Skills Support for the Workforcessw.fundingunit.org.uk/.../FNR_TA_AgriTech_MS.100918..docx · Web viewYNYER Future Skills Needs – Agri-tech. Manufacturers and Suppliers subsector