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SKILL

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Meaning

A skill is the learned capacity ortalent to

carry out pre-determined results often with the

minimum outlay of time, energy, or both. Skills

can often be divided into domain-generaland

domain-specific skills.

For example, in the domain of work, some

general skills would include time management,

teamwork and leadership, self motivation andothers, whereas domain-specific skills would be

useful only for a certain job. Skill often

depends on numerous variables.

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Skills Management is the practice of

understanding, developing and deploying

people and their skills. Well-implemented

skills management should identify the skills

that job roles require, the skills of individual

employees, and any gap between the two.

Skill management

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three groups of employees receive specific

benefits from skills management.

Individual Employeesemployees should be aware of the skills their job

requires, and any skills gaps that they have.

Line Managers

Skills management enables managers to know the skill

strengths and weaknesses of employees reporting to

them.

Organization Executives

A rolled-up view of skills and skills gaps across an

organization can enable its executives to see areas of

skill strength and weakness.

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Basic Skills

Active LearningUnderstanding the implications of newinformation for both current and future problem-solving anddecision-making.

Active ListeningGiving full attention to what otherpeople are saying, taking time to understand the points being

made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interruptingat inappropriate times.

Critical ThinkingUsing logic and reasoning to identify

the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions,conclusions or approaches to problems.

Learning StrategiesSelecting and using

training/instructional methods and procedures appropriatefor the situation when learning or teaching new things.

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Monitoring - Monitoring/Assessing performance of

yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make

improvements or take corrective action.

Reading Comprehension - Understanding written

sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Science - Using scientific rules and methods to solveproblems.

Speaking - Talking to others to convey information

effectively.

Writing - Communicating effectively in writing as

appropriate for the needs of the audience

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TYPES OF SKILL

SKILL

PERSONAL INTERPERSONAL INTRAPERSONAL

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PERSONAL SKILL

Skill that includes the individuals own traits

and behavior.

It is the manner in which a person fulfills a

particular activity.

It is the ability to perform.

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Self Management

Self-Management is the ability to manage your

personal reactions to responsibilities andchallenges in work and life.

Independent Learning

Independent Learning is the ability torecognize gaps in your knowledge and acquire

it independently.

Goal SkillsGoal Skills is the ability to create, plan for and

achieve personal and professional goals.

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job

Carefulness

Cooperation

Creativity Discipline

Drive

Good attitude Goodwill

Influence

Optimism

Order

Safe work behaviors Savvy

Sociability

Stability Vigor

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analyze and learn from life experiences. relate the skills developed in one environment

(e.g., school) to the requirements of

another environment (e.g., work)

match knowledge about ones own

characteristics and abilities to information about

job or career opportunities

identify, describe and assess the relativeimportance of ones needs, values, interest,

strengths and weaknesses

Personal/Career Development Skills: ability

to...

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The things that you like about yourself and

the things you do all the time are the basics

of great job skills!

If you... Say this to an employer...

...get good grades and participate in school

activities...

I manage my time well and can

concentrate on multiple projects

at once.

...like to come up with your own ideas and

follow-through to the completion of the jobwithout a lot of supervision...

I am self-directed and able to take

initiative.

...borrow things, whether your parents' cell

phone or a friend's CD, you always return them

on time and in good condition...

I am responsible and considerate.

...are a good listener and help your friends

work through their problems and make

important decisions...

I can understand many different

points of view and have excellent

problem-solving skills.

...always hand your assignments in on time and

never keep people waiting...

I have good time management

skills and am punctual.

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...have babysitting experience and have been given a

lot of responsibility at home...

I am trustworthy and appreciate the

importance of responsibility.

...like to make a personal statement with your

fashion and style...

I am innovative, dynamic and

confident.

...are confident speaking with your group of friends

and in front of a large crowd...

I am self-assured and have excellent

presentation ability. I enjoy speaking

in public.

...love books and read everything you can get your

hands on...

I love reading and learning new

things.

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Interpersonal Skill

"Interpersonal skills" refers to mental andcommunicative algorithms applied during social

communications and interactions in order to reach

certain effects or results.

The term "interpersonal skills" is used often in

business contexts to refer to the measure of a

person's ability to operate within business

organizations through social communication andinteractions.

An interpersonal skill is how a person relates to

one another.

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How to deal with people

Empathy: This means the ability to put yourself inthe other person's shoes, to see things from his or

her point of view.

Active Listening: Active listening is a particularway of engaging in a conversation in which

attention is focused primarily on one person, with

the listener fully engaged in absorbing and

responding to what the speaker issaying. Journalists, counselors, business people,

teachers, and parents all find this skill useful.

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Communication Styles: The model includes

four basic types: the driver, the analytic, the

amiable, and the expressive.

Dealing with difficult people: So far we

have talked about how to identify types of

people from a positive perspective in order

to enhance communication. What about

dealing with people whose personal stylescreate problems?

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Intrapersonal Skill

To be an effective and successful manager youhave to have good intra-personal skills (self-

management abilities).

to understand how personality and perceptionaffects your own and other peoples behaviour.

to understand how intelligence and learning styles

affect human relations, behaviour and

performance. to understand the positive & negative effects of

stress and to handle stresseffectively

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Contd..

to understand how people acquireattitudes & how attitudes affect human

relations, behaviour and performance

to understand how a persons self conceptaffects the way he/she behaves, performs

and relates to others

to understand how values and ethics affectthe way a person behaves and deals with

others.

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Personality

The Big Five model of personality categorizesmost of the traits normally used to describe peopleinto one of five types or dimensions:

surgency

agreeableness adjustment

conscientiousness

openness to experience (people who are open toexperience usually have an internal locus ofcontrol and believe they are in control of theirown destiny.)

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Stress Stress is an emotional and/or physical reaction to

environmental activities and events.

Stress can be positive. It can help improveperformance by putting people under pressure.

Most common stressors are: the personality of the individual him/herself the organisational climatemanagement behaviour the degree of job satisfaction

Stress can be controlled to a certain extent by: exercise nutrition relaxationpositive thinking

an effective support system

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Intelligence

Intelligence (IQ)is a persons capacity forlearning, problem-solving & decision-making.Intelligence is a strong predictor of educational &occupational attainment/success.

Emotional Intelligence (EQ/EI) consists of fivecomponents: a high degree of self awareness the ability to manage ones emotions a high level of self motivation the ability to empathise with others good social skills

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Learning styles

People learn based on 2 personality types: feeling vs. thinking doing vs. observing

Learners can generally be divided into four basictypes:

Accomodatorslearn by doing & feeling

Divergerslearn by observing & feeling Convergerslearn by doing & thinking

Assimilatorslearn by observing & thinking

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Perception Perception= an individuals interpretation of reality.

In a human relations context, perception is just asimportant as reality.

Perceptions are affected by certain biases such as:

stereotyping

an individuals frame of reference (tendency to seethings from a narrow focus)

an individuals expectations

selective exposure (only hearing & seeing what youwant to)

personal interests

projection (projecting the blame for your attitudes &

shortcomings onto others)

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Contd..

It is extremely important for managers to realisethat their co-workers, subordinates and superiors

will perceive a situation in very different ways and

that their perceptions will affect the way they

behave, perform and relate to others.

Perceptual congruence is the degree to which

people see (perceive) things in the same way.

Clearly it is important for a manager to encourageperceptual congruence in matters relating to the

performance and goals of the organisation.

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First impressions First impressions are perceptions which affect human

relations, behaviour and performance both in the short termand often in the long term.

Primacy effectthe way a person perceives another duringthe first few minutes of a first time meeting

The four-minute barrier/the four-minute sellthe time (4minutes) a person has to make a good impression onsomeone he/she is meeting for the first time.

Projecting a positive image in 4 minutes is possible by

paying attention to: appearance

non-verbal communciation

general behaviour