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Success Criteria:By the end of this session everyone should be able to:• recognise and safely treat a major
bleed;• understand and minimise the risk of
cross-infection to both the casualty and the first aider.
Activities:1. Presentation/Discussion: Major Bleeding (10)2. Demonstration (5)3. Practical (20)4. Review Success Criteria (5)
What is major bleeding?• Blood running freely or spurting e.g. from a
deep wound or artery• Internal bleeding• Immediate danger: blood loss• Secondary risk: infection• Other symptoms: increased heart/breathing
rate; clamminess, shock, fainting
Treatment • Put on disposable gloves (if available)
•Sit (or lie) casualty down•Examine•ELEVATE & APPLY PRESSURE
Treatment • Cover with large sterile pad(s) + bandage(s)• If not enough dressings, or if dressings bleed
through, improvise (anything absorbent will do e.g. towel, fleece)
• This is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY: contact supervisor/999
Complications• If there is a foreign object in the wound that
you cannot remove without pulling, leave it alone & apply a ring bandage if possible.
• Puncture and gunshot wounds may have both an entry & an exit wound
• Outdoor clothing is often waterproof & may conceal pooling blood.
Video Clips:
How to Stop Bleeding (2.39)
First Aid: Major Bleeding (7.37)
Practical:Group A:1 Casualty3 ObserversGroup B:First Aiders
Checklist for Observers:• Did they ASSESS the situation?• Did they approach the casualty safely?• Conscious Casualty: Did they ask
relevant questions?• Unconscious Casualty: Did they check
BREATHING/CIRCULATION• Did they COMMUNICATE
appropriately?• Did they TAKE appropriate ACTION e.g.
treat the casualty effectively (SEEP!)